Stadol(butorphanol tartrate) Package Insert. New
Jersey: Bristol-Meyers Co.,
1995.
2.
ShynWCMayolRFPfefferMPittmanKAGammansREBarbhaiyaRH: Biopharmaceutical evaluation of transnasal,
sublingual, and buccal disk dosage forms of butorphanol.
Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition1993;
14(5):371–9.
3.
DiamondSFreitagFGDiamondMLUrbanG.Transnasal butorphanol in the treatment of migraine headache
pain. Headache Quarterly1992;3:160–7.
4.
SchwesingerWHReynoldsJCHarshawDHFrakesLATransnasal butorphanol and intramuscular merperidine in the treatment of
postoperative pain. Advantages in Therapy1992;9(3):123–9.
5.
JoyceTHKubicekMFSkjonshyBSJonesMMEfficacy of transnasal butorphanol tartrate in postepisiotomy pain, a model
to access analgesia. Clin Ther1993;15(1):160–7.
6.
AbboudTKZhuJGangollyJTransnasal butorphanol: a new method for
pain relief in postcesarean section pain. Acta Anaesthesiol
Scand1991;35:14–8.
7.
JasinskiDRPrestonKITestaM.Abuse potential of transnasally given butorphanol in humans [abstract
153.3]. The Pharmacologist1988; 30A:196.
