The emergence of paid sex markets is a product of various locational economies. By this it is meant that coherent paid sex markets are intimately linked with various economies of agglomeration, synergy, complementarity and 'laddering' whereby an entrant to paid sex consumption may progress from low intimacy/low value added products to those of higher intimacy/higher value added. Physical clustering of traded sex commodities can also enhance the progression of the consumer's ladder by heightening the stimulus to enter such markets for the first time. This paper discusses the above factors in the context of the economic theory of clubs with particular reference to the use of zoning ordinances to control the location of adult entertainment providers.
References
1.
Berlant, L. and Warner, M. (1998) Sex in public, Critical Inquiry , 24(Winter), pp. 547-566.
2.
Bernstein, E. (2001) The meaning of the purchase: desire, demand and the commerce of sex, Ethnography, 2(3), pp. 389-402.
3.
Binnie, J. (1995) Trading places: consumption, sexuality and the production of queer space, in: D. Bell and G. Valentine (Eds) Mapping Desire , pp. 182-199. New York: Routledge .
4.
Buchanan, J.M. (1965) An economic theory of clubs, Economica , 32(1), pp. 1-14.
5.
Cameron, S. (2002) The Economics of Sin: Rational Choice or No Choice At All?Cheltenham: Edward Elgar .
6.
Cameron, S. and Collins, A. (2000) Playing the Love Market: Dating, Romance and the Real World. London: Free Association Books.
7.
Cameron, S. and Collins, A. (2003) Estimates of a model of male participation in the market for female heterosexual prostitution services, European Journal of Law and Economics, 16(3), pp.271-288.
8.
Chapkiss, W. (1997) Live Sex Acts: Women Performing Erotic Labour. London: Cassell.
9.
Christaller, W. (1933/1966) Central Place in Southern Germany , trans. by C. W. BASKIN. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
10.
Daniels, K. (1984) Prostitution in Tasmania during the transition from penal settlement to civilised society and 'St Kilda voices', in: K. Daniels (Ed.) So Much Hard Work. Sydney: Fontana (quoted in: http://www.hartfordhwp.com/archives/24/230.html ).
11.
Fels, R. (1980) The price of sin, in: H. Townsend (Ed.) Price Theory: Selected Readings, pp. 302-303. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
12.
Frances, R. (1994) The history of female prostitution in Australia , in: R. Perkins, G. Prestage, R. Sharp and F. Lovejoy (Eds) Sex Work and Sex Workers in Australia, pp. 27-52. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
13.
Hellman, D.A. and Alper, N. (1997) Economics of Crime: Theory and Practice. Needham Heights, MA: Simon and Schuster .
14.
Hirsch, F. (1976) The Social Limits to Growth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
15.
Hotelling, H. (1929) Stability in competition, Economic Journal, 39, pp. 41-57.
16.
Hubbard P. (1998) Community action and displacement of street prostitution: evidence from British cities, Geoforum, 29(3), pp. 269-286.
17.
Jacobs, J. (1970) The Economy of Cities. New York : Vintage Books.
18.
Knopp, L. (1995) Sexuality and urban space: a framework for analysis , in: D. Bell and G. Valentine (Eds) Mapping Desire, pp. 149-161. New York: Routledge.
19.
Latrin, J.M. and Mcalister, L. (1985) Using a variety-seeking model to identify substitute and complementary relationships among competing products, Journal of Marketing Research, 22, pp.330-339.
20.
Lindell, J. (1996) Public space for public sex, in: E. G. Coulter ET Al. (Eds) Policing Public Sex: Queer Politics and the Future of Aids Activism , pp. 73-80. Boston, MA: South End Press.
21.
Lösch, A. (1939/1954) The Economics of Location. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
22.
Lyotard, J. (1993) Libidinal Economy, trans. by I. H. GRANT. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press .
23.
Manski, C. (2000) Economic analysis of social interactions, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), pp. 115-136.
24.
Marcuse, J. (1955) Eros and Civilization. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
McMillen, S. (1998) Adult use and the First Amendment: zoning and non-zoning controls on the use of land for business. Land Use Law Center, Pace Law School (http://www.pace.edu/lawschool/landuse/adult.html ).
27.
Moffatt, R. (2004) Prostitution, in S. Bowmaker (Ed.) Economics Uncut: A Complete Guide to Life, Death, and Misadventure. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar (forthcoming).
28.
Morgan, S. and Trivedi, T. (1996) The order of the brand choice process revisited: some new perspectives on measurement and data issues, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 14, pp. 221-229.
29.
O'Toole, L. (1998) Pornocopia. London: Serpent's Tail.
30.
Porter, M.E. (1998) The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
31.
Reynolds, H. (1981) Cops and Dollars: The Economics of Criminal Law and Justice. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.
32.
Sandler, T. and Tschirhart, J. (1980) The economic theory of clubs: an evaluative survey , Journal of Economic Literature, 18(4), pp.1481-1521.
33.
Schlosser, E. (2003) Reefer Madness: And Other Tales from the American Underground. London: Allen Lane .
34.
Scitovsky, T. (1986) Human Desire and Economic Satisfaction. Chichester: Wheatsheaf Books.
35.
Town Of Hyde Park (1996) Adult use study of the Town of Hyde Park. February.
36.
Tucker, D.M. (1997) Preventing the secondary effects of adult entertainment establishments: is zoning the solution, Journal of Land Use and Environment Law, 12(2), pp. 385-431.
37.
Weicher, J.C. (1971) The allocation of police protection by income class, UrbanStudies, 8(2), pp. 207-220.
38.
Wilson, E.O. (1975) Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
39.
Wright, R. (1994) The Moral Animal: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology. New York: Vintage.
