Abstract
PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
HIVR4P 2016 PARTNERS
The HIVR4P conference would not be possible without the generous support of our conference partners.
The following institutions have contributed significant in-kind support:
HIVR4P 2016 is made possible in part by the generous support of the American people through 1 R13 AI122959-01 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The views expressed in written conference materials or publications and by speakers and moderators do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Department of Health and Human Services or USAID; nor does mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
CONTENTS
Plenary Sessions 13–17
Non-Abstract Driven Sessions 18–35
Oral Abstract Sessions: Tuesday, 18 October 36–59
Oral Abstract Sessions: Wednesday, 19 October 60–83
Oral Abstract Sessions: Thursday, 20 October 84–107
Poster Discussions: Tuesday, 18 October 108–119
Poster Discussions: Wednesday, 19 October 120–130
Overview of Poster Topics 131
Posters 132–409
ABBREVIATIONS
LB
L
NL
OA
PD
PL
P
RP
RT
SY
CONFERENCE COMMITTEES
Northwestern University, United States
University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, United States
National Institute for Communicable Diseases and University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, Germany
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, United States
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
Office of AIDS Research, National Institutes of Health, United States
San Francisco Department of Public Health, United States
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Kenya
University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Zimbabwe
University of North Carolina, United States
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Australia
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil
Columbia University, United States
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Netherlands
Duke University, United States
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
Emory University and Emory Vaccine Center, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Kenya
University of North Carolina, United States
MTN Community Working Group/Senior Support Services, Uganda
Human Vaccines Project, United States
UCLA Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education, United States
INSERM/VRI (University Paris-Est Créteil), France
Office of AIDS Research, NIH, United States
The Fenway Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, United States
Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, United Kingdom
University of Manitoba/Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Canada and South Africa
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Uganda
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
International Rectal Microbicide Advocates, United States
HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa
RHI: Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, South Africa
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States
Scripps Research Institute and International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States
University of California, Davis, United States
National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, United States
Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
AVAC, United States
University of Washington, United States
Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, South Africa
In addition to the Program Organizing Committee, HIVR4P would like to thank the following individuals for reviewing abstracts.
Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Nigeria
Harvard University, United States
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, United States
Emory University, United States
University of Washington, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Kenya
IrsiCaixa, Spain
Indian Council of Medical Research, India
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States
Emory University, United States
Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States
AVAC, United States
University of Manitoba, Canada
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Eastern Virginia Medical School Emeritus, United States
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Johns Hopkins University, United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, United States
University of Melbourne, Australia
International Vaccine Institute, Korea
University of York, United Kingdom
CEA, France
INSERM/VRI, France
Institute of Human Virology, United States
Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
University of Montreal, Canada
Population Council, United States
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, United States
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
International Partnership for Microbicides, United States
Office of AIDS Research, United States
University of Washington, United States
Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
University of Melbourne, Australia
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, United States
GeoVax Inc., United States
University of Pittsburgh, United States
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, United States
NWJ Group, United States
Texas Biomed, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, United States
U.S. Army Medical Component of the Armed Forces Research Institute of the Medical Sciences, Thailand
Institut Pasteur, France
Emory University, United States
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
MEDSA Ltd, United Kingdom
Institute for HIV Research, Germany
sanofi pasteur, United States
Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, United States
National Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa
Duke Human Vaccine Institute, United States
University of Zurich, Switzerland
Prevention Sciences Program, DAIDS, NIAID, NIH, United States
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States
Tulane National Primate Research Center, United States
HIV Vaccine Trials Network, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Nanjing University Medical School, China
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
Funders Relations Officer
Science Director
Science Officer
Media Consultant
President
CONFERENCE SCHOLARS
Achieving Health Nigeria Initiative, Nigeria
Walter Sisulu University/East London Hospital Complex, South Africa
Healthmatch International, Nigeria
Texila American University School of Public Health, University of Central Nicaragua, Guyana
The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), India
MU-JHU Research Collaboration, Uganda
Population Council, Nigeria
University of Manitoba/University of Nairobi–Kenya AIDS Control Project, Kenya
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
New HIV Vaccine and Microbicides Advocacy Society (NHVMAS), Nigeria
The Catholic University of America, United States
University of Jos, Nigeria
University of Cape Town, South Africa
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India
Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda
Boston University School of Medicine, United States
New York University Langone Medical Center, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
University of Washington, United States
INSERM U966, France
Infectious Diseases Institute, Uganda
HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, United States
Yale School of Public Health, United States
Northwestern University, United States
Commissariat à L'énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), France
Malawi Network of AIDS Service Organisations (MANASO), Malawi
National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
Nanjing University, China
Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
University of Washington, United States
University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, Zimbabwe
Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya, Kenya
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
International Center for Advocacy on Rights to Health/Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Nigeria
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), India
i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), India
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
McMaster University, Canada
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Nanjing University, China
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, South Africa
INSERM U1109, FMTS Université de Strasbourg, France
New HIV Vaccine and Microbicides Advocacy Society, Nigeria
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Equal Health and Rights Access Advocacy Initiative, Nigeria
Emory University, United States
Nigeria Sex Workers Association, Nigeria
Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Cameroon
MU-JHU Research Collaboration, Uganda
Public Health Department, Nigeria
Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Zambia
Self-Employed, United States
National Institutes of Health, United States
University of California Irvine, United States
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Argentina
University of Cape Town, South Africa
KELIN, Kenya
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Australia
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
University of Washington, United States
Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, United States
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
INSERM U955, Equipe16, France
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Oregon Health & Science University, United States
Duke University, United States
Projet San Francisco (PSF), Rwanda
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Argentina
National Cancer Institute at Frederick, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington, United States
Population Council, Nigeria
Hospital Clinic, Spain
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Partners in Health Research and Development/Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM), South Africa
Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
University of Toronto, Canada
Treatment Action Group, United States
Boston University, United States
LVCT Health, Kenya
LVCT Health, Kenya
Treatment Advocacy and Literacy Campaign, Zambia
AIDS Healthcare Foundation/Uganda Cares Masaka, Masaka Healthcare Centre, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI)–International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Uganda
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Burnet Institute, Australia
Partners in Prevention–Moi University, Kenya
LVCT Health, Kenya
Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI)–International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Uganda
UMRS_1109, France
Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
University of Washington, United States
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), India
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda
Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda
LVCT Health, Kenya
Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United States
Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
Canadian PrEP Working Group (CanPrEP), Canada
University of Melbourne, Australia
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, United States
China Center for Disease Control, China
Madibeng Centre for Research, South Africa
Community of Sant Egidio, Malawi
The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda
KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, Kenya
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Zimbabwe
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Northwestern University, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases/IDMIT Infrastructure/CEA/DRF/iMETI/Division of Immuno-Virology, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U 1184, France
Population Council, United States
Duke University, United States
Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda
East African Community Secretariat, Tanzania
International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM), Zimbabwe
INSERM U1109, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, France
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Zambia
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Botswana
AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Spain
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI)–International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Uganda
Bridge HIV, HVTN GCAB, UCSF/SFGH ACTU CAB, ACTG GCAB, DARE CAB, Getting to Zero SF CAB, KPSF HIV Update Editorial Board, ATAC DDC, United States
KEMRI Wellcome Trust, Kenya
University of Washington, United States
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Projet San Francisco (PSF)/Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group-Emory University, Rwanda
Projet San Francisco (PSF), Rwanda
University of Nairobi, Kenya
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya
University of Nairobi, Kenya
Makerere University, Uganda
Coalition for Health Promotion and Social Development (HEPS Uganda), Uganda
Partners in Health and Research Development (PHRD), Kenya
International Community of Women Living with HIV Eastern Africa, Uganda
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Kenya
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Uganda
Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI)–International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Uganda
AIDS Project of the East Bay, United States
KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, Kenya
University of Manitoba/University of Nairobi–Kenya Aids Control Project (KACP), Kenya
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
McMaster University, Canada
University of Minnesota, United States
Partners in Health and Research Development, Kenya
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
Planned Parenthood, France
Joint Clinical Research Centre, Uganda
KAVI–Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Kenya Aids Vaccine Initiative–Institute of Clinical Research, Kenya
Projet San Francisco (PSF)/Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group–Emory University, Rwanda
The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda
Achieving Health Nigeria Initiative, Nigeria
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Men Against AIDS Youth Group, Kenya
Ladoke Akintola University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
National AIDS Control Council, Kenya
HIV/AIDS Research & Advocacy Programme, Kenya
Human Virology Institute, University of Maryland, United States
Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, Nigeria
ATHENA Network, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Kenya
Initiative for Better Public Health, Nigeria
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, South Africa
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
San Patten and Associates, Inc., Canada
University of Toronto, Canada
Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, LBTI, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université de Lyon, France
INSERM U955, Team 16, VRI, France
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
University of Cape Town, South Africa
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, South Africa
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Fudan University, China
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa, Spain
Northwestern University, United States
Johns Hopkins University, United States
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), India
AVAC, South Africa
Northwestern University, United States
Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Australia
University of Minnesota, United States
University of Washington, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), India
Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, China
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
Emory University, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United States
The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda
Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, United States
Commissariat à L'énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), France
Matsushita Project Laboratory, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Japan
Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, United States
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, United States
University of Maryland, United States
Division of Computational Biology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
Institute of Public Health/New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Nigeria
Projet San Francisco (PSF), Rwanda
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
Asia Pacific Coalition on Male Sexual Health, Thailand
I3 Laboratory–INSERM U959–GHPS Paris, France
Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI)–International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Uganda
National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, China
Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, United States
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
McMaster University, Canada
Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases and University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Mount Sinai Institute for Advanced Medicine, United States
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
University of Manitoba, Canada
Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, South Africa
University of Antioquia, Colombia
Columbia University Medical Center, United States
Southern African AIDS Trust, South Africa
MONDAY, 17 OCTOBER
Plenary Session 01: Get It and Forget It: Long-Acting HIV Prevention
The European Union's Research Strategy: Making an Impact on the HIV Epidemic
European Commission, Belgium
Intensive efforts in biomedical research generated many achievements in medicine and made the development of an HIV vaccine or cure feasible goals. These achievements, together with the scaling up of treatment coverage and efficient global collaboration, led to a significant reduction in new HIV infections worldwide. But AIDS still remains one of the most dreadful diseases and continues to represent a great challenge for developing and developed countries. According to the latest European figures released by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), in 2014 there were almost 30,000 new HIV infections in the European Union and European Economic Area, and Eastern Europe has one of the fastest growing epidemics. My talk aims to provide an overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Europe and to show the policies and activities the European Union has put in place to fight this epidemic. Particular emphasis will be placed on activities targeting HIV prevention which are funded under the EU´s research and innovation programme, Horizon 2020.
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
Antiretroviral agents (ARVS) have evolved to serve as a critical part of HIV prevention. Successful antiretroviral treatment of HIV infected people virtually eliminates the sexual transmission of HIV. The combination of tenofovir/emtricitabine given to HIV negative people can greatly reduce the acquisition of HIV, depending on the degree of adherence to treatment and the pharmacology of the antiretroviral agents. Such successful use of ARVs has galvanized a search for alternative pre-exposure prophylaxis agents (PrEP), and especially agents with minimal side effects and less requirement for daily adherence. Nanosuspensions of long acting rilpivirine and cabotegravir are completing safety and pharmacology studies (ECLAIRE, HPTN 076 and 077) and cabotegravir has been selected for comparison of randomized clinical trials (HPTN 083 and 084) directly comparing this agent to tenofovir/emtricitabine. In addition the potency and long half-life of the new agent MS8591 (EFda) is likely to be developed for HIV prevention. Alternatively, broad neutralizing antibodies (BnABs) have the potential to prevent HIV infection. The BnAB VRC01 has been deployed in an HIV prevention trial focused on men in the America's (HVTN 703/HPTN 081) and women in Africa (HVTN 704/HPTN 085). It seems likely that new biological tools for prevention of HIV can be developed.
Duke University, United States
Identification of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine is a major priority for improving human health worldwide. The next HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials are in various stages of implementation, and unique HIV-1 vaccine concepts are also being evaluated in Phase I/II studies. These studies aim to 1) translate protective immunity observed in preclinical models to humans; 2) improve upon the one partially efficacious vaccine regimen (RV144); and/or 3) test novel concepts for the first time in humans. Over the past several years, significant advances in both immunogen design and immune response profiling has been achieved. Immunogen design now includes strategies that structurally mirror the native conformations of the HIV-1 target and/or sequences representative of circulating virus diversity. Evaluation of humoral and cellular immunity, including antiviral functions, specificities, breadth and durability, elicited by HIV-1 vaccine candidates has provided a wealth of information about the impact of immunogen design on specific immunity. Advances in immunological correlates of risk from preclinical and clinical trials have moved the field forward and serve as guideposts for further vaccine development. These developments are providing novel hypotheses about immunological mechanisms that may be responsible for preventing HIV-1 acquisition and the path toward an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, United States
Scientific advances over 35 years since the recognition of AIDS have provided us with powerful tools for HIV treatment and prevention. Scaling up access to HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy and proven HIV prevention tools such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), condoms, various harm reduction strategies and voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) could dramatically decrease the rate of new HIV infections. Unfortunately, implementation of these tools has been suboptimal and as a result global HIV incidence among adults has not declined substantially since 2008. Clearly, we need to reach more people with existing interventions, and add new weapons to the HIV prevention arsenal. In this regard, long-acting antiretroviral agents that require infrequent dosing hold particular promise. Two major approaches to long-acting agents will be discussed: injectable antiretroviral drugs, and infusions of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Both approaches are in various stages of clinical testing for PrEP as well as for treatment. An HIV vaccine remains the “holy grail” of HIV science, and three major directions in HIV vaccine development will be discussed. The first includes efforts to build on the results from RV 144, the clinical trial in Thailand that resulted in the first modest signal of efficacy for an HIV vaccine. The second is structure-based immunogen design to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. The third is T-cell directed approaches. In 2016, the arsenal of scientifically proven interventions now available as well as the hope of others to come offer unprecedented opportunities to make major gains in the fight against HIV/AIDS. With a major global commitment to advance scientific discovery in the arena of HIV prevention and to aggressively implement these scientific advances, the end of the HIV/AIDS pandemic as we know it is achievable.
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Plenary Session 02: Unraveling the Mysteries of HIV Transmission
Africa Health Research Institute (ARHI), South Africa, and University College London, UK
The extraordinarily diverse nature of HIV epidemics worldwide requires an appropriate multidisciplinary approach to the understanding and intervention to reduce new infections. In some low prevalence settings, multiple epidemics co-exist, with evidence for spread between risk groups. In the high prevalence countries, often termed as generalized epidemics, there are increasing data to suggest that ‘key populations’ and specific localities/geographies are critical to ongoing transmission. As antiretroviral therapy is scaled up within a universal test and treat policy, transmission dynamics are likely to be impacted. Although HPTN 071 demonstrated a remarkable reduction in infectivity within sero-discordant couples, this impact of ART was not replicated in our population based ANRS 12249 Treatment as Prevention Trial. The likely causes of such disparities will be outlined. Modelling suggests that transmission of drug resistant viruses will increase as ART coverage increases, with recent data appearing to support this assertion. Finally, with the increasing availability of molecular epidemiological approaches to understand more precisely epidemic trajectories, and transmission chains, the challenge is how best to utilize such knowledge to reduce the global epidemic.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Developing new methods to block HIV transmission requires years of effort. Thus, understanding early events in HIV transmission and the places where there are opportunities to disrupt viral infection can inform best approaches to HIV prevention. In the case of biological interventions, the decisions to test a given prevention approaches in human trials rest largely on results from preclinical studies, including studies in cell culture and in animal models. The ability of preclinical studies to predict efficacy may depend on how well the model captures key biological features of HIV transmission relevant to the question at hand. This presentation will discuss the various ways we have come to understand the early events in HIV infection and the implications this has for prevention research.
Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, United States
Delivering HIV prevention to the geographic areas where interventions will be most impactful is critical to leveraging limited prevention resources. This presentation will explore the use of different kinds of data to target HIV prevention interventions and give examples of how readily available public data can be used for this purpose. Targeting based on relevant data can be used to optimize the yield of HIV testing programs; identify geographic areas in greatest need of improved linkage to care; and minimize barriers to regular care so as to improve treatment outcomes. The presentation will review published studies on targeting of prevention and care resources, identify and demonstrate resources available for targeting of prevention interventions at different geographic levels, and provide examples of how data characterizing the distribution of HIV prevention needs can be used to inform policy to improve access to and uptake of healthcare services.
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Plenary Session 03: Which Way Is Forward: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities
The Scripps Research Institute, United States
Rapid progress in the isolation and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to HIV, the determination of the structure of the target of such antibodies, the HIV Envelope trimer, and understanding of crucial features in the development of neutralization breadth in natural infection have stimulated HIV vaccine design efforts. Many immunogens and immunization strategies are being investigated in a diversity of animal models and new modalities for the analysis of responses are being evaluated. This progress will be discussed.
Human Rights Campaign, United States
This session will focus on how lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people, as well as allies, in the United States are responding to the ever-changing landscape of HIV prevention. Drawing on a mix of personal anecdotes, qualitative and quantitative data, and popular culture, this talk will explore community awareness of and attitudes toward biomedical prevention strategies such as PrEP, PEP, and Treatment as Prevention. It will also shed light on emerging threats to, and opportunities for, universal uptake of these powerful prevention tools, especially among the communities hit hardest by the HIV and AIDS epidemic.
University of Pittsburgh, United States
The results of the two phase 3 trials of the vaginal rings containing dapivirine have demonstrated that vaginal delivery of antiretrovirals can substantially reduce women´s risk of HIV acquisition. As with all antiretrovirals for prevention, adherence is critical to product effectiveness, and effectiveness was high among those women who used the product consistently and low among those women who used the ring inconsistently or did not receive a new ring every month. Younger women less than 22 years of age had lower adherence to ring use and experienced no reduction in HIV. Open label studies of the dapivrine ring among former phase 3 study participants as well as new randomized open-label studies of oral PrEP and rings in young women will provide insights on how vaginal rings will fit into the HIV prevention toolbox.
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Plenary Session 04: Bring it on: Delivering Combination Prevention
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, South Africa
Ward Cates was a remarkable, one-of-a-kind human being who left his mark on our hearts and on the field of sexual and reproductive health, a field he was passionate about and one that he also helped to shape. Ward's legacy reflects his epidemiological talents and his humanity. He grappled with burning public health issues at times when others skirted around them because of stigma, career risk and reputation. Between 1974 until 2016 he tackled safer abortion, STIs, contraception and condoms. He was passionate about HIV from its earliest days and was a pioneer in women's HIV prevention, giving marching orders to the ECHO trial team right up until the end. This talk will scan Ward's life's work, reflect upon where he left his mark, and consider what unfinished business he would ask us to complete in his memory today.
U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator & U.S. Special Representative for Global Health Diplomacy, United States
The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supports combination prevention interventions through a suite of data-driven prevention and treatment programs tailored to epidemiological context. This session will provide an overview of the global HIV response including progress and challenges in targeted HIV testing strategies; voluntary medical male circumcision; pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for persons at substantial risk for infection; innovative service delivery models to facilitate immediate treatment upon HIV diagnosis; and new technologies that may prevent new HIV infections (e.g., long-acting PrEP). The session will also address the importance of using data to focus resources on geographic areas and population groups with the greatest burden of disease, as defined by age, sex, mode of transmission, and geographic region. Finally, this session will highlight lessons and opportunities for enhancing HIV prevention programming from PEPFAR's combination prevention research portfolio and a public-private partnership that reduce new HIV infections in young women and adolescent girls (DREAMS).
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States
Driving a continuous decline in the global HIV burden is directly dependent on maximizing the decline of incident HIV infection. Substantially increasing the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who are diagnosed and linked to effective viral suppressive therapy will have some impact on incident infection; however, the extent of the impact is unclear and whether it will be sufficient to result in “control” of the epidemic is uncertain. Given the noted increase in the number of PLHIV who have accessed therapy over the past five years, the associated modest impact on the incidence of new infections is concerning. A concerted effort on prevention of HIV infection is also clearly needed, with an immediate focus on maximizing the use and impact of the prevention tools currently available, including biomedical, behavioral/structural, and social interventions. Improving the use of these interventions will entail an increased level of understanding concerning the definition, nature and social environments of populations at high risk of HIV exposure. Looking towards the future, new effective biomedical interventions are needed that reflect the challenges faced by many at-risk populations and individuals. Key advances in the development of such interventions and in understanding the challenges of effective prevention, as presented in the course of the conference, will be discussed.
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Symposium 01: Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity
Duke University, United States
A major goal of HIV vaccine development is to safely induce protective T and B cell responses by a vaccine formulation. One strategy to induce protective antibody responses is to define envelope evolution during HIV infection in individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies,and to recreate these events with sequential Env vaccines. Here the status of antibody responses induced by sequential vaccines in humanized bnAb knock-in mice and Rhesus macaques will be reviewed. and the concept of B cell lineage immunogen design as a strategy to induce protective HIV antibodies discussed.
The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States
Multiple licensed vaccines are based on live attenuated enveloped viruses. These live vaccines cause a mild infection that effectively directs immune responses against authentic viral targets including complex viral glycoproteins displayed on infected cells and progeny virus particles. To develop a vaccine that could mimic the presentation of transmembrane Env that occurs during HIV infection, we used vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to generate a replication-competent VSV-HIV chimera (VSVΔG-EnvG) in which the VSV glycoprotein (G) was replaced by subtype A HIV Env from strain BG505. VSVΔG-EnvG was evaluated in a preclinical efficacy study in which ten Indian rhesus macaques were vaccinated by applying live virus to intranasal and intraoral surfaces. No adverse reactions were observed and all animals developed Env antibodies. Five months after vaccination, repetitive intrarectal challenge was initiated with heterologous subtype B SHIV SF162p3. Seven of 10 vaccinated macaques were protected from SHIV infection while infection was detected in 9 of 10 control animals resulting in 67% efficacy (P = 0.014). Significant HIV pseudovirus neutralization activity was not detected in serum from vaccinated animals, but protection was associated with Env-specific serum antibody titers. Notably, contrasting results were produced in a third study group, which was vaccinated with a different VSV vector (VSV-G6-EnvG) that expressed the same Env immunogen as well as G. Animals vaccinated with VSV-G6-EnvG also developed Env antibodies but were not protected from SHIV infection. Although both VSV-based vaccines elicited antibodies, neither induced substantial Env-specific cellular immune responses detectable in peripheral blood. Taken together, these results indicate that protection from SHIV infection was associated with Env-specific binding antibodies, and that the chimeric VSVΔG-EnvG vaccine evoked a polyclonal antibody response with characteristics responsible for vaccine efficacy.
Janssen Vaccine and Prevention, Netherlands
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
While antibody titers and neutralization are considered the gold-standards for the selection of a successful vaccine, these parameters are often inadequate predictors of protective immunity. Instead, antibodies mediate a diverse array of additional extra-neutralizing Fc-driven activities that may contribute to antiviral control/clearance. Thus, when neutralization fails to predict protection, Fc-mediated antibody activity may underlie protective immunity, requiring the use of more comprehensive antibody profiling tools for the identification of unanticipated humoral correlates of protective immunity and/or for the downselection of protective vaccine antibody profiles. Thus a set of high-throughput, comprehensive assays were developed to capture the remarkable biodiversity of antibody effector functions, linked to multivariate computational tools to begin to probe humoral correlates of protective immunity in an unbiased manner. This analysis now provides a means to not only contrast unique vaccine fingerprints, but also begin to identify unexpected correlates, and perhaps even mechanisms, of immune protection against HIV.
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Symposium 02: The Role of Mucosal Barriers and Targets in HIV Acquisition
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, United States
A major focus of HIV prevention and vaccine research involves the interaction of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 with cell-surface receptors on CD4+ T cells, with the hope that a greater understanding of these interactions will lead to the development of novel strategies aimed at preventing and treating HIV-1 infection. Particular attention has been devoted toward a more in depth understanding of the early events in transmission, focusing on the critical window of time when HIV first establishes infection in the host.
We hypothesize that α4β7 expressing memory CD4+ T cells are preferred targets in the earliest phases of HIV-1 infection due, in part, to a specific affinity of the viral envelope for integrin α4β7. In mucosal tissues α4β7 hi memory CD4+ T cells are metabolically activated and express high levels of CCR5, which render them highly susceptible to infection. In vitro and in vivo studies of CD4+ T cell infection support this hypothesis. The frequency of α4β7 hi memory CD4+ T cells is directly correlated with risk of acquisition in both humans and macaques. Examination of mucosal biopsies obtained from HIV infected individuals reveals that α4β7 hi memory CD4+ T cells are selectively depleted within the first weeks of infection. In both humans and nonhuman primate model, HSV-2 infection increases both the risk of HIV/SIV acquisition, and the frequency of α4β7 hi memory CD4+ T cells. Finally, in a nonhuman primate model of transmission an anti α4β7 mAb protected macaques from mucosal transmission of SIV.
Much remains to be learned about the role of α4β7 in HIV pathogenesis however, continued efforts to describe the underlying biology of this host/virus interaction will expand our knowledge of mucosal immunology in general and potentially help in the development of improved HIV prevention strategies, therapeutics and vaccines.
University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Columbia University Medical Center, United States
Studies of human immune responses to viruses and other pathogens have focused, by necessity, on sampling of peripheral blood; however, innate and adaptive immune responses are initiated, function and maintained in diverse tissue sites. Innate cells, including tissue macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) that encounter pathogens at key entry points (e.g., lungs, intestines) do not appear in circulation. Similarly T cells infiltrate infection sites and can persist as non-circulating tissue-resident memory T cells, which provide protective responses in situ. At present, our understanding of tissue-localized innate and adaptive immune responses is based on mouse models, and we lack fundamental knowledge on how innate and adaptive cells are organized and function in human tissues. We have set up a novel human tissue resource where we obtain blood and multiple lymphoid, mucosal endocrine and other peripheral tissue sites from individual organ donors through a research protocol with LiveOnNY, the organ procurement organization for New York City. This resource has given us unprecedented access to tissue sites not previously been investigated in humans, and I will present results on how T cells are organized, maintained and differentiated in tissue compared to circulation. I will also present results on the distribution and organization of T cells specific for the persisting virus, Cytomegalovirus and how their maintenance and activation status are a function of virus persistence in specific sites. I will also present results on how dendritic cells populations are also organized in lymphoid and mucosal sites and identification of active surveillance in certain lymph nodes.
Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
Heterogeneity of mucosal systems between individuals has significant relevance for HIV prevention technologies and vaccine design, as many of these products target mucosal surfaces for therapeutic action. However comprehensive examinations of mucosal systems with relevant clinical endpoints in large numbers of individuals has been lacking, leaving a significant gap in knowledge. Our lab has developed advanced proteomics-based systems biology tools to study mucosal systems to capture host, bacterial, and functional information to further this goal.
Clinical trials of antiretroviral based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at preventing HIV infection have shown varying results in women, and postulated that vaginal bacteria may be influencing PrEP efficacy. Using a metaproteomics approach, we characterized the bacterial proteome in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples of 688 women from the CAPRISA 004 1% tenofovir gel trial. Our results show that PrEP efficacy can vary more than three-fold depending on the dominant organism, where Lactobacillus-dominant women have considerably higher PrEP efficacy over non-Lactobacillus dominant women (HIV incidence of 61% vs. 18%, respectively). The alternative dominant bacterium, G. vaginalis, which is abundant in 39% of study participants, depletes tenofovir through intracellular metabolism. Vaginal pH screening and Lactobacillus promotion are potential adjunct interventions to enhance PrEP impact in women. This is the first study that show vaginal bacteria can modulate PrEP efficacy, and raises new hypotheses regarding the contribution of bacteria to the variability of PrEP efficacy in previous trials.
Updates on our latest research on how other components of the mucosal system at the host, bacterial, and functional level relate to HIV susceptibility will also be discussed.
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Symposium 03: Choosing ARVs for Prevention: Ensuring and Measuring Effective Tissue Delivery
University of North Carolina, United States
A significant limitation in determining PrEP concentration targets for efficacy is the inability to easily measure the PK/PD relationship in humans. Based on previous clinical studies of Truvada®, the degree of PrEP adherence required for efficacy may be contingent on the drug exposure at the mucosal site of HIV infection. However, this may not be true for all PrEP compounds being investigated. Mucosal tissues represent a particularly dynamic microenvironment. Understanding the pharmacologic factors guiding tissue drug distribution and how these are regulated is important to ensure that optimal drugs, doses, and dosing schedules are selected for PrEP. This review will assess current information on antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in the mucosal tissues most commonly involved in HIV transmission, and discuss how these data link to PrEP efficacy.
King's College London, United Kingdon
University of Colorado, Denver, United States
Non-adherence complicates interpretation of study outcomes and may lead to inaccurate conclusions regarding biological drug efficacy. One approach to deal with this is to incorporate pharmacologic monitoring for adherence assessment. This has become commonplace for PrEP studies. This presentation will discuss lessons learned from pharmacologic measures of adherence in PrEP studies and their utility in interpreting study outcomes, including guidance about pharmacokinetic forgiveness, predicted efficacy for intermittent dosing strategies, and estimation of concentration-response relationships.
Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, United States
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Symposium 04: Adolescents: Bodies, Brains and Behaviors
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Multiple biological and immunological factors likely impact HIV acquisition risk and some of these factors may also be impacted by endogenous and exogenous hormones. Adolescents are in a state of hormonal transition and many begin having sexual exposures during this time making them an important group to consider. Limited data exist on the cervicovaginal environment in adolescent girls. Here we will highlight the potential hypothetical biological and immunological mechanisms by which sex steroid hormones may impact HIV acquisition risk and associated research gaps.
Columbia University, United States
Adolescence is a unique time of developmental with rapid changes in cognitive and biological development, in their relationships with parents and peers, and in their legal status. These changes have implications for efforts to promote their sexual health and prevent HIV acquisition. In this talk, we will focus specifically on the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among adolescents. This will include the perspective of health care providers and the implications of the adolescent's emerging autonomy, increasing cognitive and decision-making skills (including brain development and risk compensation theory) with regards to the uptake and adherence.
United States
UNICEF, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Symposium 05: Using ARVs and Antibodies for Long-Acting Prevention
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States
Passive immunization (immunoprophylaxis) with neutralizing antibodies has been used to prevent infectious diseases. These therapies have involved short-term protection using infusions of monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antiserum. Although this strategy is effective, for example, in infants at high risk of RSV infection, wide-scale use of passively injected immunoglobulin for HIV prophylaxis may be challenging, particularly for adults in developing countries where the majority of HIV incidence occurs, due to resource, capacity and end-user constraints. To be effective, an immunoprophylactic product for HIV prevention must provide potent and long-lasting protection. Vectored immunoprophylaxis using approaches developed within the gene therapy field offers potential for long-lasting human antibody expression to prevent or control HIV. This presentation will review AAV technologies for vectored immunoprophylaxis and challenges to clinical development encountered in a first-in-human test of concept clinical trial.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Symposium 06: Effective Cellular Immune Reponses
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
In acute HIV-1 infection there is usually a vigorous CD8 T cell response. This is important in bringing the virus under control but its effectiveness is compromised by the selection of virus escape mutants. HLA-associated good control of viremia correlates with T cell responses directed at epitopes, mostly in Gag, that tend to be well conserved. Escape mutants often have fitness costs for the virus but parallel compensatory mutations are common.
Vaccines that stimulate CD8 T cell responses have so far failed to offer any protection against, or improved control of HIV-1 infection. In contrast, Hansen et al have shown that a CMV vectored SIV vaccine enables more than 50% of subsequently challenged animals to clear SIV infection. This vaccine elicits CD8 T cell responses that are predominantly of the effector memory phenotype, are exceptionally broad and are atypically restricted by MHC class II or MHC-E. Any or all of these characteristics could contribute to the immune control.
HIV-1 vaccines based on conventional vectors may be capable of eliciting effector memory T cells of greater breadth than previous vaccines. Eliciting broad HLA-II or HLA-E restricted CD8 T cells may require novel features in the vaccine. We have identified HLA-E binding peptides that are potential epitopes and will discuss strategies aimed at eliciting HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cells.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Oregon Health & Science University, United States
This talk will update the audience in the progress we have made in bringing an “effector memory T cell” HIV vaccine based on Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vectors to the clinic. I will review the latest preclinical data documenting the remarkable “arrest and clear” efficacy manifested by these vaccines in the SIV-rhesus macaque model and the mechanisms responsible for this efficacy, as well as detail the latest progress in bringing clinical versions of these vectors forward for phase I clinical testing.
University of Melbourne, Australia
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Roundtable 01: What Is Sterilizing Immunity?
University of Cape Town & NHLS, South Africa
The female genital mucosa acts as an effective barrier to HIV-1 infection and transmission is associated with a severe genetic bottleneck. In most cases, only one virus successfully overcomes this barrier to establish clinical infection. Factors that affect the stringency of this barrier may impact on the features of the transmitted virus. Here we characterized recently transmitted viruses from a cohort of heterosexually infected women (CAPRISA 002 Acute Infection Cohort). We investigated the impact of pre-infection inflammation (which reduces the barrier to infection) on the phenotype of these viruses, elucidating which viral features may contribute to increased acquisition risk. Further we report on the effect of 1% tenoforvir gel (a microbicide that increases the barrier to infection) on the genotype of the transmitted virus. Overall, our results provide insights into the viral features associated with transmission and inform intervention strategies aimed at blocking HIV-1 infection and replication.
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States
In order to inform the rational design of preventive and cure interventions it is critical to understand the events occurring during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Using viral deep sequencing on participants from the early capture acute infection RV217 cohort, we have studied HIV-1 evolution in plasma collected twice weekly during the first weeks following the advent of viremia. The analysis of infections established by multiple transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses revealed novel viral profiles that included: a) the low-level persistence of minor T/F variants, b) the rapid expansion of the minor T/F at the expense of the major T/F, and c) an initial expansion the minor T/F followed by a quick collapse of the same minor T/F to low frequency. The fast change in frequencies of major and minor T/F variants was paralleled in the dynamics of CTL escape. In most participants, CTL escape was first detected at the end of peak viremia downslope, proceeded at higher rates than previously measured in HIV-1 infection, and usually occurred through the exploration of multiple mutation pathways. Our data demonstrate a dynamic picture of AHI. The fast minor T/F viral dynamics and the varied profiles we observed indicate a rapidly changing host environment during AHI. The fast dynamics of CTL escape suggest a strong and early CTL response. Overall, our results demonstrate that early, deep, and frequent sampling is needed to characterize HIV-1 dynamics at the time of seeding of the viral reservoir.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral drugs has been shown to reduce HIV transmission in people at high risk of HIV infection. Adherence to PrEP strongly correlates with the level of HIV protection. To improve adherence to the drug regimen, several long-acting delivery systems providing sustained systemic drug exposures over many weeks, are being evaluated. We used BLT humanized mice, an in vivo model of vaginal HIV transmission, to evaluate two long-acting formulations of rilpivirine and raltegravir for prevention of vaginal HIV transmission. Using transmitted/founder viruses, that establish de novo infection in humans, we evaluated a long-acting formulation of rilpivirine administered intramuscularly, and a long-acting formulation of raltegravir administered subcutaneously in two separate studies. We observed that both offer significant protection from two consecutive high-dose HIV-1 challenges one and four weeks after drug administration. We also observed that, in certain cases, even in the presence of sustained levels of antiretroviral drugs in plasma, HIV infection could occur without overt or detectable systemic replication until levels of drug were reduced. Multiple exposures with different viruses in the presence of drug resulted in transmission of multiple viruses. These results demonstrate that systemically administered long-acting rilpivirine or raltegravir offer significant protection from HIV infection, however, they also provide evidence that occult infections can occur, despite the presence of antiretroviral drug in plasma.
NCBI, NIH, United States
Developing an effective HIV vaccine is one of the most important health challenges worldwide. Traditional strategies of HIV vaccine design have been thwarted by substantial genomic divergence among circulating variants rendering them ineffective at inducing enough cross-reactive immunity. Here, I will present a novel approach deviating from traditional strategies aiming to encompass viral diversity to instead capture sites of extreme conservation. The alternate approach identifies sites critical to HIV survival to exploit as potential viral vulnerabilities in vaccine design. Previously, we discovered six gp120 signatures conserved in HIV, SHIV, and SIV transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses. Now, I extend the analysis across a broader phylogenetic and sequence scale by scanning for signatures in all primate and non-primate lentiviruses sequenced to date. The study finds that the “Transmission” signatures are also “Infectivity” signatures enabling HIV not only to initiate but also to sustain rebounding infections. These sites are under strong selection and critical to survival of T/F, rebounding/founder, and circulating lentiviruses. The evolutionary history of the signatures recapitulates all documented cross-species transmissions leading to HIV-1 and HIV-2 and suggests origins of the precursor of HIV-1 and of SIVcpz.Pts. This work also suggests mechanisms driving selection at the signature sites. Glycosylation at one site consistently enhances infectivity of lentiviruses as a venue for immune escape exclusive to primates. Another site seems to be involved in tropism by modulating a switch of coreceptor usage. This work is the first study to examine transmission and infectivity signatures at such a large genomic and phylogenetic scale. The infectivity sites represent possible biological susceptibilities common to productive infections, which if targeted in combination with antiretroviral therapy could provide a means to combat the HIV epidemic.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Roundtable 02: The PrEP Prevention Package: From Efficacy Studies to the Real World
Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Australia
PrEP using daily TDF/FTC is highly effective at preventing HIV acquisition. The population level effects of PrEP will be maximised by targeting those at high-risk, and by quickly saturating networks where transmission occurs.
The EPIC-NSW study is an implementation research project which aims to measure the population-level impact of rapid, targeted delivery of PrEP in NSW, Australia. The study follows PrEP eligibility criteria and follow-up schedule recommended in NSW guidelines for PrEP use, which recommend PrEP in high-risk gay and bisexual men (GBM) and heterosexual people. In GBM, high risk is defined by criteria associated in an Australian cohort study with an HIV incidence of approximately 2/100 person-years or more. These are reporting one or more of 1) condomless receptive anal intercourse with casual partners; 2) an HIV-positive regular partner who does not have undetectable viral load; 3) a recent diagnosis of syphilis, rectal gonorrhoea or chlamydia; or 4) recent methamphetamine use. We have estimated there are 3700 such GBM in NSW, representing about 12% of GBM aged 16-69 years. We estimate that complete saturation of this population with PrEP would prevent 148 HIV infections in NSW in a 12-month period. This is almost half the annual number of new HIV diagnoses seen in NSW. We will determine HIV diagnoses at the population level through notifications to the NSW Health Ministry. Within EPIC-NSW, incident HIV and sexually transmitted infections will be measured through electronic capture of laboratory and clinic data. Study specific surveys will capture behavioural and adherence data.
The NSW Ministry of Health has funded EPIC-NSW for 3700 people at high risk in NSW. We intend to complete enrolment by December 2016. Community education, forums, and targeted promotion have raised awareness of PrEP, and enrolment is on target. Each participant will receive up to 2 years of PrEP, and study follow-up will be complete by end 2018.
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, United States
This presentation will describe New York City's efforts to increase awareness of and access to biomedical HIV prevention options, namely pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The presentation will highlight NYC's public health detailing campaign, social media campaigns, and a new prevention network.
National AIDS Control Council, Kenya
ARVs used as pre and post exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication have been tested with demonstrated efficacy in controlled environments but have not always translated into real life successes [1-4]. Data suggests the need for better understanding of perceptions of sexual risk, willingness for uptake and factors that influence adherence to HIV PrEP. This underscores the need to deliver PrEP as a part of a combination of interventions that impact sexual risk-taking as well as product uptake and adherence behavior. Structural factors that have been identified as contributing to young people's vulnerability to sexually risky behavior include sexual violence in early childhood, intimate partner violence, transactional sex and relationships with age differences of more than 5 years between young women and their partners. [5-6]. Studies aimed at demonstrating options for implementing structural interventions provide sufficient evidence that these interventions can achieve positive HIV outcomes in addition to reduction in gender based violence, keeping girls in school and reducing HIV and STI incidence. These include trials testing micro-finance, gender training and cash transfers programmes [7-9].
The ability of public health systems to leverage structural programmes and integrate HIV education and services such as HIV PrEP, condoms, family planning as part of existing cash transfer and micro-finance programmes at large scale pilots must explored and exploited. Standards for behavioural interventions with uniform application at scale, much like that of bio-medical services is required. Guidance for the quality of services, operational guidelines and data mechanisms across sectors are necessary. Kenya is currently collecting data to test delivery of bio-medical, behavioural and structural interventions that will include PrEP delivery in 3 Counties, as part of implementation of Kenya's HIV Prevention Revolution Roadmap.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Italy
Although PrEP is available in only a few countries, the use of ARVs as a HIV prevention method has gained momentum globally. It is therefore critical to understand how the populations most affected by HIV and of different age groups perceive the benefits of PrEP, and how they think PrEP should be made available in their communities.
Perceptions and opportunities of PrEP as well as perceived challenges and barriers to PrEP implementation are presented through the voices of young people and key populations living in China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Uganda, Burundi and Ethiopia. The emerging issues used to shape key messages for PrEP advocacy and implementation.
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Symposium 07: Entering the Dark Zone: Germinal Centers in Immune Response
Emory University, United States
A major obstacle to achieving protective immunity against HIV is defining adjuvants that induce high affinity and broadly neutralizing antibody responses against envelope (Env) proteins. Our data demonstrated that a combination of TLR4 ligand and TLR7 or 7/8 ligands delivered using synthetic nanoparticles strikingly enhanced the magnitude, quality, and durability of humoral and cellular immune responses against protein immunogens in mice and rhesus macaques. Nanoparticles (NPs) carrying TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands were used to adjuvant a variety of SIV or HIV envelope (Env) immunogens in independent studies. Immune responses were compared with those elicited by antigen delivered in alum, an adjuvant currently used in humans. We have observed distinct cellular and molecular changes within innate immune responses induced by these adjuvants. We have observed antibody responses of a much greater magnitude and striking durability (persistent up to 1 year post final vaccination), as assessed by: a) Env specific plasma cells in bone marrow, b) Env specific intra and interclade tier 1 neutralizing antibody responses, d) Env specific ADCC activity depending on the type of immunogen used in studies. TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands in NPs induced a robust and persistent follicular T helper cell and germinal center response in the draining lymph node of animals. These GC and Tfh responses correlated with neutralizing antibody responses highlighting the role for adjuvants in programming the durability of HIV vaccine response.
Our results indicate that novel TLR 4 and/or TLR 7/8 ligands delivered in synthetic nanoparticles offer a novel approach to engineer robust and durable Env specific humoral affinity in rhesus macaques with implications for HIV-1 vaccine development in humans.
Institute for HIV Research, Germany
An important feature of vaccines is to elicit CD4 T cell responses that either provide help to B cells to generate long-lived, high-affinity antibody responses or enable the generation of antigen-specific memory CD8 T cells. However, given the multifaceted role of CD4 T cells in the immune system, it is difficult to discern which CD4 T cell responses a vaccine needs to elicit in order to induce protective immunity. In particular, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have been implicated to play a critical role in vaccine-mediated protection. During the germinal center reaction in the B cell follicle, a tight interaction occurs in which Tfh cells drive maturation and proliferation of antigen-specific B cells. Analysis of the vaccine-induced CD4 responses in several HIV vaccine trials demonstrated substantial differences in the vaccine-induced CD4 T cell flavors. While the ALVAC+ALVAC/AIDSVAX vaccine induced significantly higher levels of HIV-specific Tfh cells, measured as IL-21 responses, compared to any other HIV vaccine trial, the DNA/Ad5 vaccine used in the STEP and Phambili trials induced strong Th1 responses. Here we discuss the complexity of vaccine-induced CD4 T cell responses and the role of Tfh cells in HIV vaccine design.
Oregon Health & Science University, United States
We have reported a strong correlation between the effectiveness of anti-SIV CD8+ T cell responses and the relative distribution of productive SIV infection between CD4+ memory T cells in B cell follicles (CD4+ TFH) and memory T cells in extra-follicular T cell zones (CD4+ non-TFH) of lymph nodes, with productive infection becoming increasingly CD4+ TFH-restricted with increasing CD8+ T cell-mediated viral control. In SIV elite controllers (EC), productive SIV infection becomes almost exclusively CD4+ TFH cell-restricted upon attainment of elite virologic control, suggesting that the highly effective anti-viral CD8+ T cell responses in EC were able to almost completely suppress productive SIV infection in extra-follicular T cell zones, but not within B cell follicles. In recent studies, the ability of B cell follicles to serve as a sanctuary for persistent SIV infection in the face of effective CD8+ T cell responses has been confirmed by the administration of B cell-depleting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies to SIV EC. Disruption of B cell follicles with this treatment resulted in a 1-2 log reduction in the already low plasma viremia found in these EC monkeys, indicating that elimination of the B cell follicular sanctuary improves overall CD8+ T cell-mediated viral control. The relevance of this sanctuary to cure therapy is emphasized by the observation that residual productive infection in ART-treated SIV monkeys with effective viral suppression is predominantly CD4+ TFH-restricted, implying that even the most effective anti-viral CD8+ T cell responses will be prevented from destroying or suppressing reactivating virus in CD4+ TFH both during ART and after ART cessation. The ability of the B cell follicular structure and physiology to protect infected CD4+ TFH from effective CD8+ T cell immunity suggests the B cell follicular sanctuary must be overcome to fully evaluate the ability of virus-specific CD8+ T cells to achieve durable viral remission.
Rockefeller University, United States
During immune responses, B cells clonally expand and undergo secondary diversification of their immunoglobulin genes in germinal centers (GCs). B cells proliferate and mutate their antibody genes in the dark zone (DZ) of the GC and are then selected by T cells in the light zone (LZ) on the basis of affinity. We have examined the mechanism by which T cells regulate affinity selection by combining a transgenic strategy to measure cell division, a photoactivatable fluorescent reporter, and a double nucleotide pulse method. Our data reveal that high-affinity B cells are selected by a mechanism that involves prolonged dwell time in the DZ where selected cells undergo accelerated cell cycles.
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Symposium 08: Envelope Structure and Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
University of Washington, United States
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) mediates viral entry into host cells and is the sole target of neutralizing antibodies. While functional differences such as receptor reactivity and antigenicity are prevalent among Env from diverse HIV-1 isolates, we have only a nascent understanding of the structural basis for those differences. Under native conditions, the Env fusion protein is animated by structural dynamics at all levels of its organizational hierarchy. Even at equilibrium, the trimeric complex samples a range of conformational states transiently, exposing or disrupting conformational epitopes. It is in these more dynamic aspects that in part define key facets of variation among Envs and hence viral phenotypes. To understand the structural basis for HIV Env diversity, we are examining a wide range of Env trimers from divergent isolates and structural analytical tools that are amenable to studying the glycoprotein complexes under native solution conditions where differences are more likely to be evident. To study the Env assemblies under native conditions, we use a set of analytical techniques including Hydrogen/Deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), X-ray generated radical footprinting, small-angle X-ray scattering, among others. Through these integrative analytical approaches, we are beginning to identify the links between structure, dynamics, isolate-specific variation, and antigenicity. We see this information as providing a structure-based framework for understanding viral phenotypes. It may will aid in the optimization of Env-based vaccines.
King's College London, United Kingdom
The HIV Envelope is heavily glycosylated with host-derived N-linked glycans. Although the virus hijacks the host protein synthesis and glycosylation machinery to generate glycosylated Env, it has been shown that Env glycosylation diverges from that typically observed on host-derived glycoproteins. In particular the, high density of glycans leads to a non-self motif of under-processed oligomannose-type glycans that forms the target of some of the most broad and potent HIV bnAbs. I will discuss our recent studies on the characterization of the HIV glycan shield and bnAb recognition to aid in HIV vaccine design.
Weill Medical College, United States
This presentation will be given on behalf of a group of researchers based at the Weill Cornell Medical College, the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, and The Scripps Research Institute. I will summarize studies on the immunogenicity of SOSIP trimers of different genotypes in several animal species, including macaques, rabbits, guinea pigs and mice. Among topics to be discussed are, the delivery of multiple trimers simultaneously or sequentially; and the nature of the trimer epitopes recognized by autologous Tier-2 trimer NAbs. I will also discuss strategies for driving autologous Nab responses towards broader, heterologous ones.
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
A preventative HIV vaccine is likely to require broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) able to recognize diverse viruses from across the globe. Such antibodies have not yet been elicited by vaccination. However some HIV-1-infected individuals naturally develop bNAbs during chronic infection, suggesting that years of maturation is required for neutralization breadth. In contrast, in other donors antibodies remain strain-specific despite equivalent duration of infection and high levels of antigenic stimulation. Longitudinal studies of how bNAbs develop from their strain-specific precursors, and comparisons with subjects who fail to develop breadth, provides a template for immunogen design by defining the interplay between antibodies and HIV evolution.
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Roundtable 03: Combinations and Keys: The Complexities and Successes of Reaching the People Who Need It
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Sex workers are disproportionately affected by HIV relative to the general population even, in settings where HIV in the general population is high. Female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa are worst affected by HIV. While biologic and behavioral factors are responsible for sex workers increased risk for HIV infection, structural factors play a significant role in shaping HIV risk. Legal environments, policies, policing, stigma, discrimination and human rights abuses limit the ability of sex workers to adopt preventive behaviors and access quality health services. Despite growing evidence for an effective range of HIV prevention modalities for sex workers, including structural interventions that foster community engagement and empowerment, combination HIV prevention programs for sex workers have not been taken to scale in many settings. Yet effective sex worker programs are feasible and cost-saving, especially when sex workers are involved in the design and implementation of these programs. Accurate national data political will and funding are needed to increase the coverage of sex worker programs in low and middle-income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This presentation will review the epidemiology of HIV among sex workers, barriers to engagement in prevention and care, and evidence for new approaches that have been implemented to overcome these challenges. Illustrative examples will be drawn from the recent experience of developing and implementing a national sex worker program in South Africa.
Impact Research and Development Organization, Kenya
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Africa are a critical priority group for reaching epidemic control by 2030, yet they test less (or less frequently), are slow to seek care and treatment once diagnosed with HIV, are more likely to drop out of treatment than older women, are less likely to adhere to their medication schedule once initiated on treatment, and consequently, are less likely to attain viral suppression within the expected timeframe. Effective and cost-efficient interventions to reverse these poor indicators have remained elusive.
Using Kenya as a case study, we highlight challenges AGYW face in accessing HIV prevention, care and treatment services, and opportunities that can be tapped into to change the course of the epidemic among AGYW and their partners. Specifically, we address individual-level, family-level, community-level, and government systems-level challenges and opportunities for AGYW in: accessing HIV testing services, linking to care and treatment after being diagnosed with HIV, remaining on treatment after enrollment, adhering to care and treatment, and being virally suppressed.
San Francisco Department of Public Health, United States
HIV infections continue to rise among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the US despite the availability of behavioral interventions and the expansion of biomedical HIV prevention tools including rapid HIV testing; sexually transmitted infection testing and treatment; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP); and Treatment as Prevention (TasP). Combination interventions hold promise to increase uptake and adherence to these efficacious interventions among MSM, and through synergy, reduce HIV incidence even further than would be expected from simply combining interventions. Interventions should also address the social, community, structural drivers of HIV incidence, especially among MSM of color in the US, to reduce HIV infection beyond what can be achieved by an individual-level intervention alone. This discussion will explore successful strategies, research gaps, and future directions of combination HIV prevention interventions for MSM.
Ann Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, United States
During this session we will describe the unique mechanisms of HIV risk facing transgender women based upon their social realities. We will also discuss the development of interventions - namely the NIMH-funded Life Skills interventions - aimed at reduce HIV risk for this vulnerable and historically under served population. In addition we will touch upon challenges and barriers to intervention development and implementation with a focus on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Division of HIV, AIDS Prevention, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Roundtable 04: Getting It Right: The Journey from Discovery to Impact
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States
Population Services International, Zimbabwe
Epidemiological modelling estimating the impact of VMMC on HIV transmission in Zimbabwe suggests that VMMC is one of the most effective HIV prevention means in the country. Recent modelling of the impact of VMMC on HIV incidence reduction suggests that, if national VMMC targets would be reached by 2017, 30% of all new HIV infections could be prevented. In spite of substantial achievements towards the set national targets, VMMC scale-up in Zimbabwe need to be accelerated to reach the ambitious national target by 2017.
Based on market research conducted by IPSOS that included mapping the decision-making path men take to VMMC and combining this qualitative research with market segmentation, PSI identified three segments of the target population that were prioritized to become main targets in PSI's innovative human centered design approach to demand creation. The three segments were selected based on their low likelihood of having been already circumcised and their high level of commitment to get circumcised in the future. Main drivers to behavior change / behavioral determinants were identified and, for each of the priority segments, specific messages for interpersonal communications and mass media, including social media were developed. This session will outline how market research findings were used and translated into successful targeted demand creation strategies to accelerate VMMC uptake in Zimbabwe.
Department for International Development, United Kingdom
Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Thailand
In June 2016, Thailand became the first country in Asia to validate the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) by meeting World Health Organization (WHO) targets. The successful implementation of Prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) in Thailand relies on the collaboration of many agencies in the public and private sectors, research groups, universities, civil societies, and international organizations. Planning for delivery of PMTCT services conforms to the WHO Health System Building Blocks Framework including leadership and governance, financial resources, health workforces, health service delivery, health information system, and access to essential medicines. PMTCT policy is formulated by a multi-sectoral committee including representatives from the Ministry of Public Health, other government agencies, universities, international organizations and civil society. Cost-effectiveness studies of different antiretroviral treatment regimens have been undertaken to inform policy and budget requests from the Thai government. The PMTCT national guidelines are developed based on domestic and international research findings and are consistent with the Thai context ensuring that all clinical facilities can provide the same quality of service. The translation of policy into action to PMTCT of HIV starts with the collaborative effort of multiple partners at national and regional levels, piloting novel PMTCT services, making adjustments in the PMTCT service package as necessary, then expanding a defined proven package of PMTCT services nationwide. Key agencies are informed of each change in policy or guidelines with changes announced through meetings with program administrators at the regional and provincial levels and capacity building events for clinical and health personnel. The national PMTCT monitoring system is used to monitor coverage of PMTCT services and identify gaps of PMTCT program implementation. Monitoring data are used for program improvement at all levels.
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 01: Antibody Epitopes: Connecting the Dots
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa
University of Cape Town, South Africa
NIAID, NIH, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 02: Crossing the Border: Mechanisms of Mucosal Transmission
Northwestern University, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Northwestern University, United States
University of Toronto, Canada
CEA, France
We showed that human colonic lamina propria CD11c+ DCSIGN+CD68- cells sample luminal R5 HIV in an ex vivo model, a mechanism exploited by HIV to bypass the intact epithelial barrier. These data raise the question on which MP subset is mediating infection and thus, which may be the definitive fate of the virus.
University of Toronto, Canada
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 03: PrEP Problems: Real and Imagined
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
University of Washington, United States
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, United States
Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, United States
Cleveland Clinic, United States
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 04: It Takes Two to Tango: Host, Hormones and Drug Levels in the Mucosa
CONRAD Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
University of Washington, United States
University of Pittsburgh, United States
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 05: Risky Business
Project San Francisco, Rwanda
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Thailand
University of Washington, United States
FIOCRUZ, Brazil
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 06: Of Mice and (Wo)men: Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Novel Products
University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, United States
Emory University, United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
International Partnership for Microbicides, United States
LNG showed no ability to affect the anti-HIV activity of DPV in vitro and as such there is no anticipated effect of vaginally delivered DPV on the pharmacodynamic effects of DPV.
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 07: Through the Looking Glass: New Insights into Mucosal Biology
Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, South Africa
Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
Northwestern University, United States
University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia
LPD, NIAID, NIH, United States
INSERM U955, Team 16, Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), France
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 08: A Sugar Coated Pill: Immunogenicity of Envelope
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United States
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
New York University School of Medicine, United States
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
Duke Human Vaccine Institute, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 09: HIV Antibodies: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Emory University, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
Columbia University Medical Center, United States
National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NHLS), South Africa
Caltech, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 10: Back to the Future: Optimizing the Cascade
George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, United States
Project San Francisco, Rwanda
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, United States
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Northwestern University, United States
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 11: Testing Vaccine Concepts: Where the Rubber Hits the Road
Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, United States
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
National Cancer Institute at Frederick, United States
Emory University, United States
Crucell Holland B.V., a Janssen pharmaceutical company of Johnson & Johnson, Netherlands
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Switzerland
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 12: Pipelines and Platforms for Prevention
University of Pittsburgh, United States
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
ProMed Pharma, United States
Northwestern University, United States
University of Pittsburgh, United States
PAREXEL International, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 13: Do Right to Do Well: Creating a Framework for Success
East African Community Secretariat, United Republic of Tanzania
Northwestern University, United States
KAVI-Institute of Clinical research, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Both the staff and stakeholder representatives echoed the importance of community engagement and advocated that funds be set aside for continuous community engagement to ensure a well prepared community.
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Botswana
AVAC: Global Advocacy for HIV Prevention, United States
Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group-Emory University, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 14: Teaching the Immune System New Tricks: Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
University of California, Irvine, United States
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United States
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 15: Unique and Essential: Mucosal Environment of the Female Reproductive Tract
University of Pittsburgh, United States
University of Minnesota, United States
Moreover, early epithelium responses led to massive CD4 T cell recruitment in the FRT via a signaling axis of epithelium-innate cells-CD4 T cells. Activated epithelial cells rapidly produced pro-inflammatory chemokines to attract MFs and pDCs, which were focally clustered below the epithelium. Additional chemokines produced by these cells established a chemokine gradient to recruit more innate cells and eventually CD4 T cells by a positive-feed-forward-loop mechanism.
However, SIVΔnef-mediated protection from vaginal infection was correlated with the lack of early epithelium responses. Vaccinated animals showed intact epithelium homeostasis and barrier integrity, and no sign of cell recruitment.
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 16: PrEP and the Real World
San Francisco Department of Public Health, United States
University of Washington, United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
University of California, San Francisco, United States
Kemri-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenya
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 17: Cellular Immunity Matters!
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
I3 Laboratory - UPMC/INSERM UMRS959, France
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Emory University, United States
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 18: The Great Escape: Host-Virus Transmission Dynamics
Emory University, United States
Duke Human Vaccine Institute, United States
IAVI Human Immunology Lab, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
University of Western Ontario, Canada
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Northwestern University, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 19: Passive Immunization: Instant Protection
Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, United States
University of Melbourne, Australia
Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon National Primate Research Center, United States
The George Washington University, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Duke Human Vaccine Institute, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 20: Trust But Verify: Understanding Adherence
HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, United States
Population Council, United States
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, South Africa
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 21: Designer Envelopes for Fashionable Responses
The Catholic University of America, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
University of Zurich, Switzerland
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 22: Human Vaccine Clinical Trials: Reality Check
MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, United Kingdom
San Francisco Department of Public Health, United States
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, United States
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the positions of the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense.
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, United States
HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 23: Power, Pleasure and Prevention
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP), Zambia
Population Council, United States
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP), Zambia
Public Health Department, Nigeria
RTI International, United States
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
THURSDAY, 20 OCTOBER
Oral Abstract Session 24: Prevention: Think Global, Prevent Local
National AIDS and STI Control Program, Kenya
LVCT Health, Kenya
San Francisco Department of Public Health, United States
AIDS Foundation of Chicago, United States
INSERM U1018, France
• MCPR among young men 18-19 increased from 9.5% (38/402; 95%CI: 6.9% - 12.6%) in 2008 to 87.5% (42/48; 76.0% - 94.6%) in 2015.
• MCPR among men 18-49 increased from 13% (198/1521; 11.4% - 14.8%) in 2008 to 55.4% (1762/3182; 53.6% - 57.1%) in 2010. However, this last MCPR stayed constant (p = 0.60) between 2010 and 2015 when it was 56.7% (296/522; 52.4% - 60.9%).
• Following the PIS, among the 522 men of the 2015 sample, the MCPR increased (p < 0.001) in 9 weeks from 56.7% to 81.4% (425/522; 77.9% - 84.6%).
MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Poster Discussion 01: Evaluation of Vaccine Concepts
Project San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Rwanda
Profectus BioSciences, United States
Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Mozambique
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Republic of Tanzania
MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Poster Discussion 02: Alternative Antibody Functions
INSERM U1109, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, France
We have also studied the Fc-receptor mediated inhibition of these mAbs on macrophages, infected with primary HIV-1 isolates. Several of the V2i mAbs efficiently reduced the infection rate by up to 90% and the addition of anti-Fcγ receptor blocking antibodies partly reversed this inhibition. Thus, V2i mAbs display Fc-receptor mediated inhibition of infection on macrophages.
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, United States
University of Melbourne, Australia
Northwestern University, United States
Centre for HIV & STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Poster Discussion 03: Innovation in Topical Delivery
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
University of Washington, United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
ImQuest BioSciences, United States
TUESDAY, 18 OCTOBER
Poster Discussion 04: Prepping for PrEP
International Partnership for Microbicides, United States
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI), South Africa
“PrEP in the Wild” - Preliminary Results from a Global Survey on “Informal” PrEP Use in Settings Where It Is Approved and Where It Is Not
Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Peru
University of Washington, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Poster Discussion 05: Pushing the Envelope
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United States
THSTI, India
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Poster Discussion 06: Germinating Germline Antibodies
Construction and Characterization of Chimeric SHIVs Displaying V1V2 Epitopes that Bind Germline Precursors of Broadly Neutralizing Human Antibodies
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Poster Discussion 07: Reproductive Health and Prevention
Oxford University, Viet Nam
Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria
McMaster University, Canada
University of Washington, United States
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
WEDNESDAY, 19 OCTOBER
Poster Discussion 08: Enter New Inhibitors
University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, United States
Navigen, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
OVERVIEW OF POSTER TOPICS
POSTERS
Odd-numbered posters will be presented in Poster Session 01 on Tuesday, 18 October from 18:00 – 19:30 in River Exhibit Hall AB.
Even-numbered posters will be presented in Poster Session 02 on Wednesday, 19 October from 18:00 – 19:30 in River Exhibit Hall AB.
Poster 01: Antibody functions (neutralizing and non-neutralizing)
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States
School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
University of Maryland, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
This study was supported by NIH
National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
Nanjing University, China
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
University of Zurich, Switzerland
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
UMR S_1109, France
University of California, Irvine, United States
CRCHUM / Université de Montréal, Canada
Boston University School of Medicine, United States
CEA, France
Matsushita Project Laboratory, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Japan
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, United States
Nanjing University, China
Three Related HIV-1 Cross-superinfected Individuals Exchange Similar Viral Strains, but Evolve Different Immunological Responses
New York University - School of Medicine, United States
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa
Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon
The Scripps Research Institute, United States
New York University School of Medicine, United States
University of Massachusetts Medical School, United States
CRCHUM / Université de Montréal, Canada
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, India
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, India
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, United States
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, South Africa
Imperial College London, Medicine, United Kingdom
Duke University Medical Center, United States
Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, United States
Population Council, United States
POSTERS
Poster 02: Behavioral and social science research
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, United States
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP), Zambia
Initiative for Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (IMPT), United States
University of Toronto, Canada
University Paris-Est, France
University of Michigan, United States
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
People no longer fear HIV “drugs are available, you cannot differentiate who is sick but this has increased transmission” key informant.
HIV is less risky compared to other sexually transmitted infections. “As long as a woman does not infect me with Gonorrhea, HIV is not an issue gonorrhea is expensive to treat and so painful.” Key informant
Young girls prefer sexual relationships with known HIV widowers due to expected financial assurance. “Living for 5 years when I am rich is far better than living for 15 years when I am poor.” Adolescent FGD.
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Republic of Tanzania
Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
MU-JHU Research Collaboration, Uganda
Brown Medical School, United States
Partners In Health Research and Development, Kenya
Resonance Project, Canada
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
FHI 360, United States
Partners In Health, Research and Development, Kenya
Walter Sisulu University, South Africa
Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
Wits RHI, South Africa
San Patten and Associates, Canada
• What are the perceptions, understandings, discourses, values, and readiness of ACB service providers in regards to PrEP?
• Are community-based organizations and service providers who work with ACB communities acting as gatekeepers of PrEP information within their prevention efforts?
We conducted 14 in-depth qualitative interviews with ACB service providers in Ontario, which were analyzed using Interpretive Description (Thorne, 2008).
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru
High Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis Amongst Female Sex Workers in Port Elizabeth, South Africa Point to Prevention Needs to Reduce Transmission Risks
Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
University of Washington, Epidemiology, United States
Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya
RTI International, San Francisco, United States
RTI International, San Francisco, United States
Wits Public Health and Health Transitions Unit, South Africa
POSTERS
Poster 03: Cellular immunity
University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Prior research on CTL escape has focused on identifying escape mutations in individual patients over the course of the infection. We have developed a method to define all of the possible mutations that the HIV can assume to escape CTL targeting, and the effect of these mutations on viral fitness within any CTL epitope. Utilizing this method, we describe the full fitness landscape of the immunodominant HLA A*02 Gag epitope SL9 (Gag 77-85).
University of Cape Town, South Africa
University of Cape Town, South Africa
We evaluated the ontogeny of MDSC and the effect of MDSC on vaccine immunogenicity in South African infants and mothers, and in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants and HIV+ mothers.
HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
INSERM U955, Team 16, Vaccine Research Institute, UPEC, France
Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Japan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United Kingdom
AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Spain
Kumamoto University, Japan
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Insititute of Research, United States
National Cancer Institute at Frederick, United States
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
POSTERS
Poster 04: Community engagement in prevention research
Nigeria Sex Workers Association, Nigeria
Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group-Emory University, United States
CONRAD Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
AVAC: Global Advocacy for HIV Prevention, United States
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau, Uganda
The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda
KAVI-ICR, Kenya
The Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
Health Journalists Network in Uganda, Uganda
MRC/UVRI, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
FHI 360/ZPCTIIB, Zambia
Initiative for Better Public Health, Nigeria
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Kenya
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
Working with local and religious leaders builds trust and encourages communities to utilize health services. A sense of community ownership of studies through mobilization has been created in response to HIV prevention research agendas.
LVCT Health, Kenya
Makerere University Walter Reed University Project, Uganda
1. CABs empowered through acquisition of skills in GPP and advocacy
2. Cross CAB Network in Uganda was part of the review consultations for the GPP guidelines developed by UNAIDS and AVAC-Global Advocacy for HIV Prevention
3. Joint messages have been developed regarding issues of common concern for bio-medical research.
4. At national level, there the network has been invited to talk at the Annual National Research Ethics Conference sponsored by the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology, a regulatory body in Uganda
5. The cross CAB charter has now become a guiding tool to streamline CAB activities in Uganda
6. Partnership with the media has helped to clear misinformation about research participation, and has increased CAB visibility in the country.
Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya/G10, Kenya
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Kenya
Actionaid Nigeria, Nigeria
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society (NHVMAS), Nigeria
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
ATHENA Network, United States
GAIA Vaccine Foundation, Mali
University of Manitoba, Department of Community Health Sciences, Centre for Global Public Health, Canada
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Kenya
University of Manitoba, Department of Community Health Sciences, Centre for Global Public Health, Canada
POSTERS
Poster 05: Contraception, pregnancy and HIV prevention
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
AIDS Foundation of Chicago, United States
Kenya Medical Research Institute Center for Global Health Research, Kenya
Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University, Uganda
Jhpiego, United Republic of Tanzania
University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Zimbabwe
GAIA Vaccine Foundation, Mali
Aurum Institute, South Africa
Project San Francisco, Rwanda
MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
CAPRISA, South Africa
University of Washington, United States
KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Multivariable analysis showed that women with more than 4 children were more than twice as likely to use contraceptives compared to women with no children (P < 0.001).
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
FHI 360 Zambia, Zambia
Project San Francisco, Rwanda
The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Simon Fraser University, Canada
POSTERS
Poster 06: Correlates of protection and exposure
Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, United States
University of California, San Francisco, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
University of Pittsburgh, United States
BMGF OPP1084465.
University of Manitoba, Canada
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, United States
Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain
New York University School of Medicine, United States
University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
National AIDS Control Council, Kenya
Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Colombia
GlaxoSmithKline, United States
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
NML/PHAC, Canada
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa
POSTERS
Poster 07: Delivery technologies: novel approaches, formulation and multi-purpose
MRC/UVRI, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
Magee-Womens Research Institute, United States
ImQuest BioSciences, United States
National Institutes of Health, United States
Nanjing University, China
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention/Laboratory Branch, United States
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
Duke University, United States
2 Human user sensory perception and experience (USPE) study of 2 mL and 4 mL gel
3 PK in pigtailed macaques of 0.5 mL and 1.5 mL (scaled to 2mL, 6mL in humans) of prototype gel delivering IQP-0528 (NNRTI) and tenofovir 4 Deterministic compartmental PK model of tenofovir delivery/tenofovir diphosphate production in human vaginal mucosa for 3 gels with varying properties and volumes
Correlations were analyzed amongst gel properties, volume, PK, measures of vaginal spreading and USPE application and ambulation scores.
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
University of Washington, United States
Boston University School of Medicine, United States
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Population Council, United States
Population Council, United States
Population Council, United States
Northwestern University, United States
University of Louisville, United States
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
Oak Crest Institute of Science, United States
i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
University of Washington, United States
National Institutes of Health, United States
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Northwestern University, United States
Brown Medical School, United States
University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
University of Louisville, United States
University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, United States
Population Council, United States
University of California, Merced, United States
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium
Oak Crest Institute of Science, United States
University of Nairobi, Kenya
Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Yale University, United States
The Scripps Research Institute, United States
University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, United States
RTI International, United States
Fudan University, China
PATH, United States
SRI International, United States
POSTERS
Poster 08: Discovery and evaluation of biomedical agents
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
University of Pittsburgh, United States
Magee-Womens Research Institute, United States
NIH #U19 AI101961
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Magee-Womens Research Institute, United States
NIH U19AI113182
University of California, Merced, United States
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
University of Louisville School of Medicine, United States
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India
University of Pittsburgh, United States
NIH #UM1 AI106707 and #UM1 AI068633
Population Council, United States
Population Council, United States
POSTERS
Poster 09: Epidemiology of HIV prevention
Jhpiego/Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania
CAPRISA, South Africa
Centre For The AIDS Programme of Research In South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
FHI 360, United States
Madibeng Centre for Research, South Africa
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Thailand
New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society (NHVMAS), Nigeria
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States
Oxford University, United Kingdom
Columbia University Medical Center, United States
DC Department of Health, United States
Cátedra de Microbiologia Clinica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, United States
University of California San Francisco, United States
The Aurum Institute, South Africa
Thailand MOPH-U.S.CDC Collaborations, Thailand
HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Administration (HAHSTA), United States
Jhpiego, Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania
Promoting HIV Testing Uptake among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Comparative Study on Access to HIV Testing Services in Benue State, Nigeria
Population Council Nigeria, Nigeria
Population Council Nigeria, Nigeria
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP), Zambia
Gilead Sciences, Medical Affairs, United States
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Mozambique
POSTERS
Poster 10: Ethics in HIV prevention research
Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, United States
KELIN, Kenya
• There is low awareness of legal institutions and instruments dealing with human rights violations and HIV related issues.
• Respondents lack knowledge on specific provisions of the laws or functions of the instruments.
• Rights violations of PLHIV occurs at the workplace, health care setting, families and insurance companies.
• Majority of PLHIV failed to report cases of breach of rights because they lack the knowledge on their rights and inability to seek redress.
Kenya Medical Research Institute Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya
POSTERS
Poster 11: HIV drug resistance in prevention
Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, United States
University of Jos, Nigeria
University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
POSTERS
Poster 12: HIV transmission and viral diversity
Division of Computational Biology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
University of California San Francisco, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
In addition, 19 of 44 sets of sites corresponding to monoclonal antibody (mAb) footprints showed significant vaccine/placebo differences: 17 of these were related to CD4 binding.
Env-gp120 sequences from vaccine recipients were significantly more distant from the subtype B vaccine insert than sequences from placebo recipients (P = 0.01, Q-value = 0.12).
NYULMC, United States
INSERM U1109, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, France
University of Cape Town, South Africa
University of Western Ontario, Canada
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, United States
Northwestern University, United States
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
François-Rabelais University, France
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Project San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Rwanda
China CDC, China
Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, China
Partners In Health Research and Development, Kenya
The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda
Inserm U966 MAVIVH, France
University of Toronto, Canada
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, United States
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP), Zambia
INSERM U 1085-IRSET, France
University of Manitoba, Canada
University of North Carolina (UNC), School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, Chapel Hill, United States
Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, United States
Emory University, Emory Vaccine Center, United States
POSTERS
Poster 13: Immunogenetics (host immunity and restriction factors)
National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Colombia
IAVI, United Kingdom
University of Washington, United States
University of Manitoba, Canada
Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, United States
University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics, United States
University of Washington, United States
POSTERS
Poster 14: Impact of STI and the human microbiome on susceptibility, immunity & prevention
Effects of a Vaginal Ring Containing Dapivirine Worn for 12 Weeks on the Vaginal Microbiota of Postmenopausal Women
Magee-Womens Research Institute, United States
Partners in Prevention, Moi University, Kenya
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
Emory University, United States
Burnet Institute, Australia
University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Zimbabwe
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
Johns Hopkins University, United States
University of Nairobi, Kenya
Seattle Children's Research Institute, United States
University of Toronto, Immunology, Canada
POSTERS
Poster 15: Implementation science, including structural interventions, PrEP and VMMC
Rush University Medical Center, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Baylor College of Medicine, United States
LVCT Health, Kenya
FHI 360, United States
University of Washington Department of Medicine, United States
LVCT Health, Kenya
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya
Majority (83%) reported willingness to take PreP. They were significantly more likely to be aged <35 years and 34-49 years compared to those who were aged 50+ years (OR 2.0 95% CI 1.6-2.6 and OR 1.8 95% 1.4-2.4 respectively), female (OR 1.3 95% CI 1.1-1.6), have had some education (OR 1.4 95% CI 1.0-1.9) and ≥2 lifetime sex partners (OR 1.4 95% CI 1.1-1.8).
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, South Africa
The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda
George Washington Univesity Milken Institute School of Public Health, United States
Whitman-Walker Health, United States
Jhpiego, Mozambique
Jhpiego is the lead partner for the program, and has reached approximately two-thirds of the clients circumcised to date. The distance that clients must travel to access services is a limiting factor reported by clients. Thus, it was decided to implement the strategy of mobile surgical units (MSU), moving to remote areas to provide MC services until the demand is exhausted.
Jhpiego, Mozambique
AE rate among 10-14 years old was 0.15%, and 0.29% in clients aged 15+;(p = 0.025)AE was higher among older clients. Infections and pain were more frequent on younger clients, while bleeding/hematomas on those above 15.
Although the volume of MCs performed triples in high demand season, rates of AE were 0.18%, compared to 0.2% with lower demand (p = 0.162).
CHU de Québec, Canada
Harvard Medical School, United States
San Francisco Department of Public Health, United States
University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, United States
Mount Sinai Health System, United States
Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
Dispensaire IST, Centre de Santé Communal de Cotonou 1, Recherche, Benin
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
POSTERS
Poster 16: Innate immunity
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
FHI 360, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
George Washington University, United States
McMaster University, Canada
POSTERS
Poster 17: Mathematical modeling: impact and effectiveness
Institute for Disease Modeling, United States
Supported by BMGF(OPP1110049) & NIAID(UM1AI068635).
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
University of Washington, United States
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Canada
Research funded by the B&MGF (OPP1110049) and the NIAID (UM1AI068635).
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United States
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), United States
Duke University, United States
Duke University, United States
Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States
POSTERS
Poster 18: Mucosal immunology
CDC, United States
Emory University School of Medicine, United States
Emory University School of Medicine, United States
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
University of Pittsburgh, United States
KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Kenya
McMaster University, Canada
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
Emory University School of Medicine, United States
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
Supported by AI102838 and AI117739 from NIH.
Population Council, United States
Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India
Boston University, United States
Centre For The AIDS Programme of Research In South Africa (CAPRISA), South Africa
McMaster University, Canada
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), UBA-CONICET, Argentina
CEA, France
Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, United States
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
George Washington University, United States
CONRAD/Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
McMaster Immunology Research Center, Canada
Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases/IDMIT Infrastructure/CEA/DRF/iMETI/Division of Immuno-Virology, Université Paris Sud, Inserm U 1184, France
Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases/IDMIT Infrastructure/CEA/DRF/iMETI/Division of Immuno-Virology, Université Paris Sud, Inserm U 1184, France
Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand
POSTERS
Poster 19: Novel vaccine and prevention concepts
Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain
Only 2/13 (15%) revaccinated individuals had positive HIV-specific T-cell responses at w0. A modest increase in T-cell activity against HIV was seen in 5/13 (38%) subjects from w2 to w12 (mean±SD SFC/106 PBMC: 51 ± 86, 91 ± 74, 79 ± 94, and 106 ± 104 at w0, w2, w4 and w12, respectively). Positive responses were mainly against env peptide pools. In contrast, 5/13 individuals with T-cell responses in the RISVAC02 study, showed no positive HIV-specific T-cell response to the MVA-B boost. Moreover, 3/13 (23%) patients did not respond to the first immunization regime or the later boost.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01923610.
The Scripps Research Institute, United States
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
Case Western Reserve University, United States
CNRS LBTI UMR5305, France
University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia
National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, China
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Immunogen Design to Target Carbohydrate-occluded Epitopes on the Surface of the HIV Env Protein
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, United States
Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Australia
GeoVax Inc., United States
University of Rochester Medical Center, United States
University of Iowa, United States
Profectus Biosciences, Inc., United States
Supported by: BMGF OPP1017606.
Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, China
University of Louisville School of Medicine, United States
Supported by: NIH/NIAID U19AI113182.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
University of Manitoba, Canada
University of Louisville School of Medicine, United States
Osel Inc., United States
AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Spain
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, India
Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, India
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, India
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, India
Infectious Diseases Clinic, United Republic of Tanzania
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, India
Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00679497 and NCT01571466.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
AIDS Institute, China
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
University of Adelaide, Australia
Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, University of Maryland, United States
1. the removal of selected CD4bs flanking glycans 276 and 463 by mutagenesis, designated as Core D, and
2. the fusion of CoreD with CD4i mAbs, 17b or/and A32 occluding non-neutralizing immunodominant regions of the core.
All the modified proteins display favorable antigenicity with retained affinity for most CD4bs bNAbs and lower affinity for non-neutralizing antibodies than the unmodified gp120 core.
Philadelphia FIGHT, United States
CIRCB, Cameroon
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, United States
University of Louisville, Brown Cancer Center, United States
NIH, United States
Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, United States
POSTERS
Poster 20: Passive immunotherapy, including neonates
Los Alamos National Laboratory, T6 Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, United States
POSTERS
Poster 21: Pharmacology/pharmacokinetics
University of Washington, United States
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
ImQuest BioSciences, United States
Johns Hopkins University, United States
University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
CONRAD Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Northwestern University, United States
University of Minnesota, United States
Vanderbilt University, United States
Duke University, United States
Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, United States
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, United States
POSTERS
Poster 22: Policy and advocacy
Initiative for Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (IMPT), United States
Men Against AIDS Youth Group, Kenya
Emory University, United States
HIV Prevention Advocate, Canada
Southern African AIDS Trust (SAT), South Africa
LVCT Health, Kenya
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Kenya
National AIDS Control Council, Kenya
Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN)/International Center for Advocacy on Rights to Health (ICARH), Nigeria
POSTERS
Poster 23: Populations-specific prevention science (pediatric, adolescents, discordant couples, MSM, IDU, pregnant women)
Achieving Health Nigeria Initiative, Nigeria
Healthmatch International, United Kingdom
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, United States
University of Toronto, Canada
University of Roehampton, United Kingdom
University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
Partners In Health, Research and Development, Kenya
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
Project San Francisco, RZHRG-Emory University, Rwanda
Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), Uganda
Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
Achieving Health Nigeria Initiative, Nigeria
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP), Zambia
Fenway Health, United States
Kenya AIDS Control Program, Kenya
CDPH, United States
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP), Zambia
MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
Simon Fraser University, Canada
High Rates of HIV/STIs with Low PrEP Uptake: Baseline Data from the POSSE Project for Black Young MSM in the Chicago House/Ball Community
Stroger Hospital of Cook County, United States
Partners in Health, Research and Development, Kenya
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
Pangaea Global AIDS, United States
POSTERS
Poster 24: Product acceptability and adherence
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
International Partnership for Microbicides, South Africa
Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, United States
University of Toronto, Canada
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, South Africa
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, United States
Duke University, United States
FHI 360, United States
FIOCRUZ, Brazil
CAPRISA, South Africa
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, United States
Brown Medical School, United States
FHI 360, United States
FHI 360, United States
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, United States
Brown University School of Public Health, United States
Initiative for Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (IMPT), United States
George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, United States
International Partnership for Microbicides, South Africa
LVCT Health, Kenya
International Partnership for Microbicides, United States
FHI 360, United States
FHI 360, United States
Columbia University, United States
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Makerere University, Uganda
FHI 360, United States
University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States
POSTERS
Poster 25: Results of clinical trials
Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS/University of Barcelona, Spain
CONRAD Eastern Virginia Medical School, United States
Johns Hopkins University, United States
State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Russian Federation
KAVI-Institute of Clinical research, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
Medical Center of the Ludwig-Maximillians University of Munich, Germany
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
USAMD-AFRIMS, Thailand
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
FHI 360, United States
University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Uganda
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Analysis of IgG-subclass profiles revealed that antigen-specific IgG1/2/3 antibodies were detectable after the 2nd immunization, while antigen-specific IgG4 first appeared after the 3rd immunization. Both vaccine-regimens induced low quantities of antigen-specific IgG in cervico-vaginal (< 120ng/ml), seminal (< 50ng/ml) and rectal samples (< 30ng/ml).
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
University of California, San Diego, United States
Ministry of Health - Kenya, Kenya
POSTERS
Poster 26: Systems biology and novel molecular technologies
Southern Research Institute, United States
NIH, United States
U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States
POSTERS
Poster 27: Therapeutic vaccine, viral latency and cure
IDIBAPS, Spain
University of Western Ontario, Canada
Duke University, United States
INSERM, U955, Equipe 16, France
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-AIDS Research Group and HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
INSERM U1219, ISPED, Bordeaux Population Health; Vaccine Research Institute - VRI, France
Inserm, U955, Equipe 16, France
University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia
Vaccine Research Institute, VRI, France
University of Adelaide, Australia
POSTERS
Poster 28: Treatment as prevention
DC Department of Health, United States
University of Manitoba / University of Nairobi, Kenya
Zambia Emory HIV Research Project (ZEHRP), Zambia
AHF/Uganda Cares, Masaka Healthcare Centre, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Footnotes
*
contributed equally