Abstract
N-Acetylaspartate
in striatum, during brain ischemia, 164
Acetylcholine
muscarinic receptors, brain microcirculation, 794
Actin
cytoskeletal filaments, and nitric oxide effect on calcium mobilization, in brain endothelium, 133
Activation studies
PET water interscan interval, single-subject and group analyses, 570
Adenosine
receptors, in hippocampal cell death, kainic acid epileptic preconditioning, and sublethal global ischemia, 1296
Adenovirus
gene transfer, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and ischemic brain injury, 1336
Adhesion molecules
expression after cerebral ischemia, interleukin-1β converting enzyme role, 1109
leukocytes, in cerebral circulation, estrogen effects, 1061
stroke therapy, 819
Adrenomedullin
receptors, in trigeminal ganglia, brain vessels, astrocytes, 1270 ω-Agatoxin IVA
and CGRP release and vasodilation in pial artery, 53
Age factors
D2 receptor binding, 218
hypermetabolism and neuronal damage during status epilepticus, 195
in ischemic brain injury, nitric oxide synthase gene, 661
MAP1B and MAP2 upregulation, ischemic brain, 425
mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
Akt kinase
phosphorylation, after cerebral ischemia, 1126
Algorithms
pixel-by-pixel, partial volume effect correction in PET, 547
Alzheimer's disease mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
Aminoguanidine
nitrotyrosine formation, in brain during focal ischemia-reperfusion, 667
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)
receptor antagonist NBQX, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
Angiogenesis
endothelial growth factor and integrin αvβ3 expression by microvessels, in ischemia, 1038
Angiotensinogen
and collateral circulation after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 1092
Animal studies
baboon, dopamine D2 receptor quantitation with high-affinity ligand, 533
baboon, matrix metalloproteinases, during focal cerebral ischemia, 624
cat, calcium homeostasis, and tissue depolarization, gray vs. white matter ischemia, 788
cat, helospectin-like peptides, immunochemistry, and local CSF, 61
cat, hemoglobin as contrast agent, cerebral blood volume, 809
dog, protein kinases in basilar artery vasospasm, 44
dog, sarcolemma permeability during vasospasm, 889
dog, vasospastic cerebral arteries, after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1279
gerbil, glycine and glutamate transporters, in hippocampus during forebrain ischemia, 604
gerbil, hippocampus, GluR2 RNA editing in ischemic tolerance, 370
gerbil, hippocampus, ubiquitin stress response in hippocampus, 750
gerbil, kynurenine hydroxylase inhibition, focal or global ischemia, 771
monkey, D2 receptor binding, age effects, 218
monkey, dopamine turnover, presynaptic integrity, fluoro-dopa vs. fluoro-tyrosine, 279
monkey, L-DOPA and fluorodopa as PET tracers for presynaptic dopaminergic system, 1142
monkey, visual cortex, metabolic activity patterns, 401
mouse, activated metalloproteinases after focal cerebral ischemia, 1020
mouse, age factors in ischemic brain injury, nitric oxide synthase gene, 661
mouse, angiotensinogen-knockout, collateral circulation after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 1092
mouse, cerebral ischemia, estrogen neuroprotective effect, 1263
mouse, DNA fragmentation, in brain trauma, caspase inhibition, 634
mouse, erythropoietin in focal permanent cerebral ischemia, 643
mouse, focal cerebral ischemia, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease expression, 495
mouse, focal ischemic preconditioning, tolerance to MCA occlusion, 757
mouse, interleukin-1 converting enzyme deficiency, hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, 1099
mouse, interleukin-1β converting enzyme deficiency, tumor
necrosis factor-alpha and adhesion molecule-1 after cerebral ischemia, 1109
mouse, MAP2 and microvascular perfusion, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, 68
mouse, NFH-LacZ transgenic, behavior and cortical damage, 762
mouse, nitric oxide synthase deficiency, NS-398 effect on brain ischemia, 1213
mouse, NOS knockout, glucose use in nitric oxide synthase deficiency, 144
mouse, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase deficiency, cognitive and motor deficits after brain trauma, 835
pig, AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
pig, brain mitochondria, cytochrome oxidase near-infrared spectroscopy, 27
pig, leukocyte-endothelial adherence, ischemic brain, role of platelet-activating factor, 417
rat, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GDNF, and ischemic brain injury, 1336
rat, argininosuccinate synthetase in glial cells, 898
rat, axonal injury, and interleukin-6 mRNA, CBF protein, 184
rat, blood oxygenation, and CBF functional MRI during forepaw stimulation, 871
rat, blood—brain barrier, protein binding of flumazenil and iomazenil, 948
rat, blood-brain barrier glutamine transport, in hyperglycemia, 79
rat, brain, MAP1B and MAP2 upregulation in ischemia, age factors, 425
rat, brain, oxygen/glucose ratio during sensory stimulation, 393
rat, brain, staggered DNA fragments, in cerebral ischemia, 502
rat, brain injury, interleukin-1 receptor antagonists, and neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction, 1118
rat, brain injury, mitochondria and axon protection b y cyclosporin A, 443
rat, brain ischemia, inward rectifier potassium current, 1309
rat, brain ischemia, phosphorylation of Akt, cytochrome c, and caspase-like proteases, 1126
rat, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, after forebrain ischemia, 1220
rat, CA1 sector neuroprotection, hypothermia after forebrain ischemia, 742
rat, cerebral anoxia or ischemia, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, 39
rat, cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, diffusion coefficient, hyperemia, and neuronal death, 1354
rat, cerebral cortex, lactate efflux during spreading depression, 380
rat, cerebral infarction, reduction by kidney transplantation, 1329
rat, cerebrovascular postarteriole windkessel with delayed compliance, 679
rat, c-Jun phosphorylation, CA1 pyramidal neurons, brain ischemia, 1247
rat, dephosphorylation of initiation factor 2a, protein synthesis after brain ischemia, insulin effects, 1010
rat, embolic vs. mechanical models of focal cerebral ischemia, tPA effects, 1316
rat, erythrocyte velocity and flow in brain capillaries, 863
rat, estrogen effect on leukocyte adhesion in cerebral circulation, 1061
rat, focal cerebral ischemia, 18-mer peptide fragment of prosaposin, 298
rat, hemoglobin and oxygenation, optical signals in somatosensory cortex, 246
rat, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, in cerebral ischemia, 307
rat, histamine receptors in brain endothelium, dexamethasone effects, 321
rat, hyperglycemia, and focal brain ischemia, 288
rat, hypermetabolism and neuronal damage, during status epilepticus, 195
rat, hypovolemic hypotension, and thromboembolic stroke, 918
rat, interleukin- 6, cellular localization after cerebral ischemia, 1256
rat, interleukin-1β expression in focal ischemia, 87
rat, lactate formation in focal cerebral ischemia, 376
rat, LPS-induced tolerance to focal ischemia, microvascular perfusion, cerebrovascular hemodynamics, 616
rat, meningitis, nitric oxide synthase expression in brain, 1175
rat, metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists and local cerebral glucose use, 1083
rat, microcirculatory changes after permanent ischemia, 1322
rat, neurofilament proteolysis after focal ischemia, 652
rat, nitric oxide and cerebral ischemic tolerance, hypoxic preconditioning, 331
rat, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and antioxidant synergism, in focal ischemia, 139
rat, nitrone effects in focal ischemia, 778
rat, nitrotyrosine formation in focal ischemia-reperfusion, 667
rat, permeability transition pore, mitochondrial, in brain ischemia, 736
rat, pial artery, vasodilation and CGRP release, ω-toxin effects, 53
rat, pineal gland and melatonin effects on ischemic brain damage, 511
rat, postischemic steroid effects on hippocampal neurons and synaptic plasticity, 1072
rat, postischemic training, 997
rat, quantitative MRI in hypercapnia, 853
rat, respiratory chain, and tolerance to cerebral ischemia, 1229
rat, SEF-2 and p112 expression in ischemic hippocampus, mRNA differential display, 435
rat, spatial performance after focal cerebral ischemia, 483
rat, spontaneous hypertension, basilar artery remodeling effect by salt and calcium antagonists, 517
rat, Src and Fyn interaction with NMDA receptor, in global ischemia, 880
rat, striatum, N-acetylaspartate during brain ischemia, 164
rat, stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive, hemodynamics and metabolism before brain infarcts, 1238
rat, TGF-α and epidermal growth factor receptor, neuroprotection in brain ischemia, 128
rat, tolerance in brain ischemia, tyrosine phosphorylation, 173
rat, unilateral lesion of subthalamic nucleus, cerebral glucose and motor behavior, 149
rat, water diffusion and brain metabolites, after excitotoxic injury and global ischemia, 341
Anoxia
cerebral, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, 39
Antioxidation
estrogen neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia, 1263
and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor synergism, in focal ischemia, 139
Apomorphine
subthalamic nucleus lesion, cerebral glucose and motor behavior, 149
Apoptosis
CA1 pyramidal neurons, c-Jun phosphorylation, brain ischemia, 1247
cerebral, mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
cerebral, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, 39
DNA fragmentation, in brain trauma, caspase inhibition, 634
endoplasmic reticulum function, and neuronal cell injury, 1; commentary, 19
mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
neuronal, excitotoxins, 583
sarcolemma permeability during vasospasm, 889
staggered DNA fragments, in cerebral ischemia, 502
ubiquitin stress response in hippocampus, 750
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease after focal cerebral ischemia, 495
Argininosuccinate synthetase in brain glial cells, 898
Arterial spin labeling
blood oxygenation, and CBF function MRI, during forepaw stimulation, 871
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
Astrocytes
brain, 5-HT receptor subtypes, 908
microcirculation, acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, 794
ATP
in collateral circulation after middle cerebral artery occlusion, angiotensinogen role, 1092
in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats, before brain infarcts, 1238
ATPase
Na,K- isoforms, neuronal and glial, glucose utilization, 1051
Autoradiography
brain glucose utilization, metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists, 1083
lactate efflux during spreading cortical depression, 380
neuropeptide Y receptors in human brain vessels, 155
Autoregulation cerebral, vasodilation and CGRP release in pial artery, ω-toxin effects, 53
thromboembolic stroke, and hypovolemic hypotension, 918
Axons
in brain trauma, cyclosporin A protection of, 443
injury, and interleukin-6 mRNA, CBF protein, 184
Basilar arteries
in hypertension, remodeling effect by salt and calcium antagonists, 517
vasospasm, protein kinases, 44
Behavior
brain trauma, in NFH-LacZ transgenic mouse, 762
navigation, in focal cerebral ischemia, 18-mer peptide fragment of prosaposin, 298
postischemic training, 997
Binding sites
blood—brain barrier, protein binding of flumazenil and iomazenil, 948
FLB 457 to extrastriatal dopamine receptors, 1164
flumazenil, in epileptogenic neocortex, 939
monoamine transporter, extrastriatal vesicular, dihydrotetrabenazine stereoisomers, 1376
opioid receptors, during trigeminal neuralgic pain, 803
Blood
oxygenation, and CBF functional MRI during forepaw stimulation, 871
peripheral cells, cytokine release in brain ischemia, 1004
Blood flow, cerebral (CBF)
in brain activation, gender differences, 1066
brain hematocrit in centrum semiovale, PET in ischemia, 109
early postischemic hyperperfusion, PET, 467
erythrocyte velocity and flow in capillaries, 863
flow heterogeneity from MR residue data, 690
hemodynamics in carotid stenosis, transfer function analysis, 460
5-HT receptor subtypes, microvascular and astroglial, 908
hyperglycemia and focal brain ischemia, 288
hypoxic-ischemic neonatal brain, interleukin-1 converting enzymes, 1099
intracranial pressure, noninvasive assessment, 990
local, helospectin-like peptide effects, 61
microcirculation, acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, 794
microvascular, and MAP2, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, 68
movement amplitude, functional MRI, 1209
and MRI techniques, 701
neural influences, trigeminovascular system in primary headache syndromes, 115
neuropeptide Y receptors, 155
oscillations detected with transcranial Doppler index, 452
oxygen extraction ratios, MRI, 1289
PET activation studies, butanol vs. water, 982
protein synthesis and release, interleukin-6 mRNA after axonal injury, 184
in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats, before brain
infarcts, 1238
during supine rest and orthostasis, 1136
thromboembolic stroke, and hypovolemic hypotension, 918
tissue depolarization and calcium homeostasis, gray vs. white matter, 788
and vasoneuronal coupling, L-NMMA inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, 673
Blood pressure
arterial, and CBF during supine rest and orthostasis, 1136
Blood—brain barrier
glutamine transport, in hyperglycemia, 79
5-HT receptor subtypes, microvascular and astroglial, 908
leukocyte-endothelial adherence, role of platelet-activating factor, 417
protein binding of flumazenil and iomazenil, 948
Bolus injection
vs. slow infusion, [15O]water, PET activation studies, 843
Brain
acetylcholinesterase, kinetic analysis of PMP as PET tracer, 1150
activation, fluoxetine and fenozolone effect during hand sensorimotor tasks, 1365
activation, gender differences in CBF and oxygenation, 1066
activation, movement amplitude, functional MRI, 1209
anoxia or ischemia, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, 39
arteries, adrenomedullin receptors and CGRP type 1, 1270
blood volume, hemoglobin as contrast agent, 809
capillaries, erythrocyte velocity and flow, 863
cerebrovascular vessels, neuropeptide Y receptors, 155
dopamine receptors, extrastriatal, FLB 457 binding, 1164
early postischemic hyperperfusion, PET, 467
endothelium, dexamethasone effect on histamine receptors, 321
endothelium, nitric oxide effect on calcium mobilization and cytoskeletal actin filaments, 133
focal ischemia, activated metalloproteinases, 1020
focal ischemia, and hyperglycemia, 288
focal ischemia, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease expression, 495
focal ischemia, endothelial growth factor and integrin αvβ3
expression by microvessels, 1038
focal ischemia, erythropoietin role, 643
focal ischemia, interleukin-1β expression, 87
focal ischemia, lactate formation, 376
focal ischemia, pineal gland and melatonin effects on damage, 511
focal ischemia, spatial performance, 483
focal ischemia, stroke rehabilitation, 997
focal ischemia-reperfusion, nitrotyrosine formation, 667
focal or global ischemia, kynurenine hydroxylase inhibition, 771
glial cells, argininosuccinate synthetase, 898
glucose, and motor behavior, lesion of subthalamic nucleus, 149
glucose, in nitric oxide synthase deficiency, 144
glucose utilization, metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists, 1083
hematocrit, in centrum semiovale, PET in ischemia, 109
injury, interleukin-1 receptor antagonists, and neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction, 1118
intracellular free magnesium, in mitochondrial cytopathies, 528
intracranial pressure, noninvasive assessment, 990
ischemia, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GDNF, 1336
ischemia, age factors, and nitric oxide synthase gene, 661
ischemia, and AMPA antagonist NBQX, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
ischemia, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 1220
ischemia, CAl pyramidal neurons, c-Jun phosphorylation, 1247
ischemia, CAl sector neuroprotection with hypothermia, 742
ischemia, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, and nitric oxide synthase, 1213
ischemia, cytokine release, 1004
ischemia, estrogen neuroprotective effect, 1263
ischemia, glycine and glutamate transporters in hippocampus, 604
ischemia, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, 307
ischemia, interleukin-6 localization, 1256
ischemia, inward rectifier potassium current, 1309
ischemia, leukocyte-endothelial adherence, role of platelet-activating factor, 417
ischemia, MAP1B and MAP2 upregulation, age factors, 425
ischemia, 18-mer peptide fragment of prosaposin, 298
ischemia, mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
ischemia, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, 736
ischemia, neuroprotection by TGF-α action on epidermal growth factor receptor, 128
ischemia, phosphorylation of Akt, cytochrome c, and caspase-like proteases, 1126
ischemia, respiratory chain inhibition, 1229
ischemia, SEF-2 and p112 expression in hippocampus, mRNA differential display, 435
ischemia, staggered DNA fragments, 502
ischemia, tolerance, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, 173
ischemia, tolerance and hypoxic preconditioning, nitric oxide role, 331
ischemia, transforming growth factor-β antagonist, 1345
ischemia, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adhesion molecule expression, interleukin-1β converting enzyme role, 1109
lactate efflux during spreading depression, 380
metabolic rate of oxygen, visual cortex activation, 272
metabolites, and water diffusion, in global ischemia, 341
microcirculation, acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, 794
microvascular and astroglial 5-HT receptor subtypes, 908
mitochondria, cytochrome oxidase near-infrared spectroscopy of dysfunction, 27
neonatal, interleukin-1 converting enzyme, in hypoxia-ischemia, 1099
nitric oxide synthase expression in meningitis, 1175
opioid δ receptors, MeNTI and PET quantification, 956
opioid receptors, during trigeminal neuralgic pain, 803
oxygen, vibrotactile stimulation, 260, 266
oxygen/glucose ratio during sensory stimulation, 393
postarteriole windkessel with delayed compliance, 679
TCA cycle in human grey and white matter, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1179
trauma, behavior in NFH-LacZ transgenic mouse, 762
trauma, cyclosporin A protection of mitochondria and axons, 443
trauma, inflammatory mediator therapy, 819
trauma, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase deficiency, 835
trauma and DNA fragmentation, caspase inhibition, 634
venules, estrogen effects on leukocyte adhesion, 1061
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
after forebrain ischemia, 1220
Butanol
vs. water, PET activation studies, 982
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
type 1, in trigeminal ganglia, brain vessels, astrocytes, 1270
and vasodilation, w-toxin effects in pial artery, 53
Calcium
endothelin-induced, and cytoskeletal F-actin filaments, nitric oxide role in brain endothelial cells, 133
homeostasis, and tissue depolarization, gray vs. white matter ischemia, 788
homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum function, and neuronal cell injury, 1; commentary, 19
transport, mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
Calcium channel blockers
and basilar arteries in spontaneous hypertension, 517
Calponin
protein kinases, in basilar artery vasospasm, 44
Capillaries
brain, erythrocyte velocity and flow, 863
heterogeneity, protein binding of flumazenil and iomazenil, 948
Carbon dioxide
hemoglobin as contrast agent, cerebral blood volume, 809
Carotid artery disease
brain hematocrit, in centrum semiovale, PET in ischemia, 109
hemodynamics in stenosis, transfer function analysis, 460
Caspases
and brain trauma and DNA fragmentation, 634
after cerebral ischemia, 1126
in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
Centrum semiovale
brain hematocrit, PET in ischemia, 109
Cerebral artery
occlusion. See Ischemia.
sarcolemma permeability during vasospasm, 889
Cerebrovascular system
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
neuropeptide Y receptors, 155
postarteriole windkessel with delayed compliance, 679
Chemokines
stroke therapy, 819
c-Jun
phosphorylation, CAl pyramidal neurons after forebrain ischemia, 1247
Cluster headache
trigeminovascular system, neural influences on CBF, 115
Coefficients, nonnegative
PET output data, linear compartmental systems in spectral analysis, 560
Cognitive function
and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists, brain injury, 1118
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase deficiency, after brain trauma, 835
spatial, after focal cerebral ischemia, 483
Cold injury
DNA fragmentation, in brain trauma, caspase inhibition, 634
Compartmentation
brain acetylcholinesterase, kinetic analysis of PMP as PET tracer, 1150
FLB 457 binding, extrastriatal dopamine receptors, 1164
linear systems in spectral analysis, PET output data, 560
pixel-by-pixel algorithms, partial volume effect correction, in PET, 547
serotonin transporter radioligand McN5652, 967
TCA cycle in human grey and white matter, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1179
Compliance
delayed, cerebrovascular postarteriole windkessel, 679
Computed tomography (CT)
single-photon emission, intra-arterial thrombolysis in acute stroke, 99
Computer simulation
opioid δ receptors in brain, MeNTI and PET, 956
pixel-by-pixel algorithms, partial volume effect correction, in PET, 547
Confocal laser microscopy
basilar arteries in spontaneous hypertension, effects of salt and calcium antagonists, 517
erythrocyte velocity and flow in brain capillaries, 863
ω-Conotoxin GVIA
and CGRP release and vasodilation in pial artery, 53
Contrast agents
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
Corticosteroids
postischemic, hippocampal neurons and synaptic plasticity, 1072
Cyclic AMP
brain microcirculation, acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, 794
Cyclooxygenase-2
inhibitor NS-398, in brain ischemia, nitric oxide synthase gene, 1213
Cyclosporin A
in brain injury, mitochondria and axon protection, 443
Cytochrome c
after cerebral ischemia, 1126
mitochondrial release of, after cerebral anoxia or ischemia, 39
Cytochrome oxidase
near-infrared spectroscopy, dysfunction in brain mitochondria, 27
Cytochrome-c oxidase
oxidation during visual stimulation, 592
Cytokines
in brain ischemia, 1004
Cytoskeleton
actin filaments, and nitric oxide effect on calcium mobilization, in brain endothelium, 133
Data fusion
pixel-by-pixel algorithms, partial volume effect correction in PET, 547
Deconvolution analysis
serotonin transporter radioligand McN5652, 967
Degenerative diseases
endoplasmic reticulum function, and neuronal cell injury, 1 Deoxyglucose
metabolic activity patterns in visual cortex, 401
Dephosphorylation
of initiation factor 2a, protein synthesis after brain ischemia, insulin effects, 1010
Depolarization
and calcium homeostasis, gray vs. white matter, 788
membrane, glucose utilization, neuronal and glial, regulation by Na,K-ATPase isoforms, 1051
Depression, spreading
lactate efflux from cerebral cortex, 380
Development
hypermetabolism and neuronal damage during status epilepticus, 195
Dexamethasone
and histamine receptors in brain endothelium, 321
Differential display
SEF-2 and p112 expression in ischemic hippocampus, 435
Diffusion coefficient
after mild stroke, 1354
Dihydrotetrabenazine
stereoisomers, monoamine transporter binding site density, 1376
Diprenorphine
trigeminal neuralgic pain, opioid receptor binding, 803
Distribution volumes
microvascular, and MAP2, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, 68
DNA
binding dye, sarcolemma permeability during vasospasm, 889
fragmentation, in brain trauma, caspase inhibition, 634
staggered fragments, in cerebral ischemia, 502
DOPA
6-fluoro- vs. 6-fluoro-tyrosine, dopaminergic presynaptic integrity, 279
Dopamine
D2 receptor, extrastriatal, quantitation with high-affinity ligand, 533
D2 receptor, striatal density and affinity with raclopride, 210
D2 receptor binding, age effects, 218
presynaptic system, L-DOPA and fluorodopa as PET tracers, 1142
receptors, extrastriatal, FLB 457 binding, 1164
turnover, presynaptic integrity, fluoro-dopa vs. fluoro-tyrosine, 279
Doppler flowmetry
arterial blood pressure and CBF, during orthostasis, 1136
brain ischemia, nitric oxide synthase deficiency, NS-398 effect, 1213
hemoglobin and oxygenation, optical signals in somatosensory cortex, 246
intracranial pressure, noninvasive assessment, 990
oscillations in CBF, 452
transfer function, hemodynamics in carotid stenosis, 460
Dose-response study
neuroprotective effects of nitrone, focal ischemia, 778
Down-regulation
histamine receptors, dexamethasone effect in cerebral endothelium, 321
Edema, vasogenic
activated metalloproteinases, 1020
DNA fragmentation, in brain trauma, caspase inhibition, 634
Eigenvalues
PET output data, linear compartmental systems in spectral analysis, 560
Electrocorticography
flumazenil binding in epileptogenic neocortex, 939
Electron microscopy
in brain trauma, cyclosporin A protection of mitochondria and axons, 443
Electron paramagnetic resonance detection
nitric oxide synthase expression in meningitis, 1175
Electron transport
mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
Electrophysiology
cerebrovascular postarteriole windkessel, delayed compliance, 679
inward rectifier potassium current, and brain ischemia, 1309
tissue depolarization and calcium homeostasis, gray vs. white matter, 788
Endoplasmic reticulum
and neuronal cell injury, 1; commentary, 19
Endothelial growth factor
vascular, expression by microvessels, in ischemia, 1038
Endothelin
calcium mobilization induced by, and cytoskeletal F-actin filaments, nitric oxide role in brain endothelial cells, 133
vasoconstrictor effects, and nitric oxide synthase gene expression, 1029
Endothelium
brain, adrenomedullin receptors and CGRP type 1, 1270
brain, dexamethasone effect on histamine receptors, 321
brain, nitric oxide effect on calcium mobilization and cytoskeletal actin filaments, 133
microcirculation, acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, 794
Energy metabolism
cerebral oxygen/glucose ratio during sensory stimulation, 393
cytochrome-c oxidase oxidation, during visual stimulation, 592
mitochondrial cytopathies, brain intracellular free magnesium, 528
in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats, before brain infarcts, 1238
Enzymes
acetylcholinesterase, brain, kinetic analysis of PMP as PET tracer, 1150
Akt kinase, after cerebral ischemia, 1126
apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, after focal cerebral ischemia, 495
argininosuccinate synthetase, in brain glial cells, 898
ATPase, Na,K- isoforms, neuronal and glial, glucose utilization, 1051
cyclooxygenase-2, inhibitor NS-398, in brain ischemia, nitric oxide synthase gene, 1213
cytochrome oxidase, near-infrared spectroscopy in brain mitochondria, 39
cytochrome-c oxidase, oxidation during visual stimulation, 592
interleukin-1 converting enzyme, and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, 1099
interleukin-1β converting enzyme, caspases, and brain trauma and DNA fragmentation, 634
interleukin-1β converting enzyme, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adhesion molecule-1 after cerebral ischemia, 1109
kynurenine hydroxylase, inhibitors in brain ischemia, 771
matrix metalloproteinases, during focal cerebral ischemia, 624
metalloproteinases, after focal cerebral ischemia, 1020
nitric oxide synthase, and antioxidants, in focal ischemia, 139
nitric oxide synthase, brain, during meningitis, 1175
nitric oxide synthase, endothelial gene, vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1, 1029
nitric oxide synthase, glucose use in NOS knockout mice, 144
nitric oxide synthase, L-NMMA inhibition, basal CBF and vasoneuronal coupling, 673
nitric oxide synthase gene, age factors in ischemic brain, 661
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, cognitive and motor deficits after brain trauma, 835
protein kinases, vasospasm in basilar artery, 44
Epidermal growth factor
heparin-binding, in cerebral ischemia, 307
receptor, and TGF-α, neuroprotection in brain ischemia, 128
Epilepsy
flumazenil binding in neocortex, 939
kainic acid preconditioning, and sublethal global ischemia, hippocampal neuronal death, 1296
postischemic steroid effects, 1072
Erythrocytes
velocity and flow in brain capillaries, 863
Erythropoietin
in focal permanent cerebral ischemia, 643
Estrogens
and leukocyte adhesion in cerebral circulation, 1061
neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia, antioxidation, 1263
Excitotoxicity
brain metabolites, and water diffusion, in global ischemia, 341
embolic vs. mechanical models of focal cerebral ischemia, tPA effects, 1316
in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
transforming growth factor-β antagonist, 1345
Fast Fourier transform
metabolic activity patterns in visual cortex, 401
Fenozolone
brain activation during hand sensorimotor tasks, 1365
Filaments
cytoskeletal actin, and nitric oxide effect on calcium mobilization, in brain endothelium, 133
FLB 457
binding to extrastriatal dopamine receptors, 1164
dopamine D2 receptor quantitation, 533
Flow heterogeneity
from MR residue data, 690
Flumazenil
binding, early postischemic hyperperfusion, PET, 467
binding in epileptogenic neocortex, 939
protein binding, blood—brain barrier transport, 948 Fluorodopa
and l-DOPA, PET tracers for presynaptic dopaminergic system, 1142
vs. fluoro-tyrosine, dopaminergic presynaptic integrity, 279
Fluoxetine
brain activation during hand sensorimotor tasks, 1365
Free radicals
and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor synergism, in focal ischemia, 139
oxygen, brain ischemia, respiratory chain inhibition, 1229
Fyn
interaction with NMDA receptor and postsynaptic densities, 880
Gender differences
CBF and oxygenation response in brain activation, 1066
Gene expression
apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, after focal cerebral ischemia, 495
endoplasmic reticulum function, and neuronal cell injury, 1
glycine and glutamate transporters, in hippocampus during forebrain ischemia, 604
heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, in cerebral ischemia, 307
inflammatory mediators, stroke therapy, 819
interleukin-6, and CBF protein, after axonal injury, 184
neuropeptide Y receptors, in human brain vessels, and cerebromicrovascular cells, 155
nitric oxide synthase, brain, during meningitis, 1175
nitric oxide synthase, vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1, 1029
SEF-2 and p112, in hippocampus, mRNA differential display, 435
vasospastic cerebral arteries, after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1279
Gene transfer
adenovirus-mediated, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and ischemic brain injury, 1336
Genistein
protein kinases, in basilar artery vasospasm, 44
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, and ischemic brain injury, 1336
Glial cells
argininosuccinate synthetase, 898
ATPase, Na,K- isoforms, glucose utilization, 1051
Glucose
brain utilization, metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists, 1083
cerebral, and motor behavior, lesion of subthalamic nucleus, 149
cerebral, in nitric oxide synthase deficiency, 144
hyperglycemia, and focal brain ischemia, 288
hypermetabolism and neuronal damage during status epilepticus, 195
and oxygen ratio, during cerebral sensory stimulation, 393
utilization, in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats, before brain infarcts, 1238
utilization, neuronal and glial, regulation by Na,K-ATPase isoforms, 1051
utilization, TCA cycle in human grey and white matter, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1179
GluR2
RNA editing, in hippocampus, ischemic tolerance, 370
Glutamate
and AMPA antagonist NBQX, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
metabotropic receptor agonists, and local cerebral glucose use, 1083
in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
transporters, in hippocampus during forebrain ischemia, 604
Glutamine
blood-brain barrier transport during hyperglycemia, 79
Glycine
transporters, in hippocampus during forebrain ischemia, 604
Gray matter
TCA cycle, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1179
Growth factor
heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like, in cerebral ischemia, 307
Hand sensorimotor tasks
brain activation, fluoxetine and fenozolone effect, 1365
Head injury
intracranial pressure, noninvasive assessment, 990
Head pain
capsaicin-induced, trigeminovascular system, neural influences on CBF, 115
Headaches
trigeminovascular system, neural influences on CBF, 115
Helospectin-like peptides
immunochemistry, and local CSF, 61
Hematocrit
brain, in centrum semiovale, PET in ischemia, 109
Heme oxygenase
c-Jun phosphorylation, CA1 pyramidal neurons, brain ischemia, 1247
Hemodynamics
in carotid stenosis, transfer function analysis, 460
cerebrovascular, lipopolysaccharide-induced tolerance to focal ischemia, 616
early postischemic hyperperfusion, PET, 467
in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats, before brain infarcts, 1238
Hemoglobin
brain mitochondria, cytochrome oxidase near-infrared spectroscopy, 27
contrast agent, cerebral blood volume, 809
and oxygenation, optical signals in somatosensory cortex, 246
Hemorrhage
stroke, intra-arterial thrombolysis, single-photon emission-CT, 99
subarachnoid, vasospastic cerebral arteries, 1279
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor stress-inducible, in cerebral ischemia, 307
Hippocampus
glycine and glutamate transporters, in forebrain ischemia, 604
ischemia, SEF-2 and p112 expression, mRNA differential display, 435
ischemic tolerance, GluR2 RNA editing, 370
neuronal death, kainic acid epileptic preconditioning, and sublethal global ischemia, 1296
neuronal integrity, postischemic steroid effects, 1072
protein synthesis, insulin effects after ischemia, 1010
ubiquitin stress response, 750
Histamine
and down-regulation of receptor mRNA, dexamethasone effect in cerebral endothelium, 321
Histochemistry
glycine and glutamate transporters, in hippocampus during forebrain ischemia, 604
Huntington's disease
mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
Hybridization, in situ
glycine and glutamate transporters, in hippocampus during forebrain ischemia, 604
histamine receptors in brain endothelium, dexamethasone effects, 321
neuropeptide Y receptors in human brain vessels, 155
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
microvascular and astroglial receptor subtypes, 908
transporter radioligand McN5652, 967
Hypercapnia
quantitative MRI, 853
Hyperglycemia
blood-brain barrier glutamine transport during, 79
and focal brain ischemia, 288
Hypermetabolism
and neuronal damage, during status epilepticus, 195
Hypertension
basilar arteries, remodeling effect by salt and calcium antagonists, 517
intracranial, noninvasive assessment, 990
Hypotension
hypovolemic, and thromboembolic stroke, 918
Hypothermia
CA1 sector neuroprotection, 742
Hypoxia
neonatal brain, interieukin-1 converting enzyme, 1099
Image analysis
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
cortical oxygen, vibrotactile stimulation, 260, 266
PET activation studies, butanol vs. water, 982
sarcolemma permeability during vasospasm, 889
Immunoassay
ubiquitin stress response in hippocampus, 750
Immunoblotting
tyrosine phosphorylation, tolerance in brain ischemia, 173
Immunochemistry
helospectin-like peptides, and local CSF, 61
Immunocytochemistry
histamine receptors in brain endothelium, dexamethasone effects, 321
interleukin-1β expression in focal ischemia, 87
Immunohistochemistry
apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease expression, after focal cerebral ischemia 495
argininosuccinate synthetase in glial cells, 898
CBF protein, interleukin-6 mRNA after axonal injury, 184
heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, in cerebral ischemia, 307
interleukin-6, focal cerebral ischemia, 1256
microvascular perfusion, and MAP2, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, 68
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase deficiency, brain trauma, 835
Inclusion bodies
behavior and brain trauma, in NFH-LacZ transgenic mouse, 762
Infarction
brain, stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rat, hemodynamics and metabolism, 1238
cerebral, reduction by kidney transplantation, 1329
cortical, in focal cerebral ischemia, 18-mer peptide fragment of prosaposin, 298
neurofilament proteolysis after focal ischemia, 652
Inflammation
after subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospastic cerebral arteries, 1279
Inflammatory mediators
stroke therapy, 819
Initiation factor 2α
insulin-induced dephosphorylation, 1010
Innervation
trigeminovascular system in primary headache syndromes, 115
Inositol trisphosphate
brain microcirculation, acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, 794
Insulin
dephosphorylation of initiation factor 2a, protein synthesis after brain ischemia, 1010
Integrin αvβ3
expression by microvessels, in ischemia, 1038
Interleukin-1
receptor antagonists, and neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction, 1118
Interleukin-6
in brain ischemia, 1004
cellular localization after cerebral ischemia, 1256
mRNA, and CBF protein, after axonal injury, 184
Interleukin-1 converting enzyme
and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, 1099
Interleukin-1β
expression in focal ischemia, 87
stroke therapy, 819
Interleukin-1β converting enzyme
caspases, and brain trauma and DNA fragmentation, 634
tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adhesion molecule-1 expression after cerebral ischemia, 1109
Interscan interval
PET water studies, single-subject and group analyses, 570
Iodoantipyrine
Iomazenil
protein binding, blood—brain barrier transport, 948
Ischemia
blood-brain barrier glutamine transport during hyperglycemia, 79
brain, activated metalloproteinases, 1020
brain, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GDNF, 1336
brain, age factors, and nitric oxide synthase gene, 661
brain, cytokine release, 1004
brain, inward rectifier potassium current, 1309
brain, leukocyte-endothelial adherence, role of platelet-activating factor, 417
brain, MAP1B and MAP2 upregulation, age factors, 425
brain, mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
brain, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, 736
brain, neuroprotection by TGF-α action on epidermal growth factor receptor, 128
brain, nitric oxide synthase deficiency, NS-398 effect, 1213
brain, phosphorylation of Akt, cytochrome c, and caspase-like proteases, 1126
brain, respiratory chain inhibition, 1229
brain, SEF-2 and p112 expression in hippocampus, mRNA differential display, 435
brain, tolerance, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, 173
brain, tolerance and hypoxic preconditioning, nitric oxide role, 331
brain, transforming growth factor-β antagonist, 1345
brain, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adhesion molecule expression, interleukin-1β converting enzyme role, 1109
cerebral, and AMPA antagonist NBQX, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
cerebral, endoplasmic reticulum function, and neuronal cell injury, 1; commentary, 19
cerebral, estrogen neuroprotective effect, 1263
cerebral, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, 307
cerebral, intra-arterial thrombolysis, single-photon emission-CT, 99
cerebral, mitochondria in neurodegeneration, 351
cerebral, mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
cerebral, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, 39
cerebral, staggered DNA fragments, 502
cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, diffusion coefficient, hyperemia, and neuronal death, 1354
collateral circulation after middle cerebral artery occlusion, angiotensinogen role, 1092
early hyperperfusion, PET, 467
focal, interleukin-1β expression, 87
focal, microvascular perfusion, cerebrovascular hemodynamics, lipopolysaccharide-induced tolerance, 616
focal, neurofilament proteolysis, 652
focal, neuroprotective effects of nitrone, 778
focal, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and antioxidant synergism, 139
focal, preconditioning, tolerance to MCA occlusion, 757
focal brain, and hyperglycemia, 288
focal brain, stroke rehabilitation, 997
focal cerebral, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease expression, 495
focal cerebral, embolic vs. mechanical models, tPA effects, 1316
focal cerebral, endothelial growth factor and integrin αvβ3
expression by microvessels, 1038
focal cerebral, erythropoietin role, 643
focal cerebral, interleukin-6 localization, 1256
focal cerebral, lactate formation, 376
focal cerebral, matrix metalloproteinases, 624
focal cerebral, 18-mer peptide fragment of prosaposin, 298
focal cerebral, pineal gland and melatonin effects on damage, 511
focal cerebral, spatial performance, 483
focal or global, kynurenine hydroxylase inhibition, 771
forebrain, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 1220
forebrain, CA1 pyramidal neurons, c-Jun phosphorylation, 1247
forebrain, CA1 sector neuroprotection with hypothermia, 742
forebrain, glycine and glutamate transporters in hippocampus, 604
global, Src and Fyn interaction with NMDA receptor, 880
global, water diffusion and brain metabolites, 341
gray vs. white matter, calcium homeostasis and tissue depolarization, 788
hippocampus, insulin effects on protein synthesis, dephosphorylation of initiation factor 2α, 1010
neonatal brain, interleukin-1 converting enzyme, 1099
permanent, microcirculatory changes, 1322
steroid effects on hippocampal neurons and synaptic plasticity, 1072
striatal, N-acetylaspartate distribution, 164
tolerance, GluR2 RNA editing in hippocampus, 370
Kainic acid
epileptic preconditioning, and sublethal global ischemia, hippocampal neuronal death, 1296
Kidney
transplantation, reduction of cerebral infarction, 1329
Kinetics
dopamine D2 receptor quantitation with high-affinity ligand, 533
dopamine D2 receptor, striatal density and affinity with raclopride, 210
dopamine D2 receptors, age effects on binding, 218
extrastriatal vesicular monoamine transporter binding site density, dihydrotetrabenazine stereoisomers, 1376
FLB 457 binding, extrastriatal dopamine receptors, 1164
flumazenil binding in epileptogenic neocortex, 939
McN5652, serotonin transport, 967
opioid δ receptors in brain, MeNTI and PET, 956
PET output data, linear compartmental systems in spectral analysis, 560
PMP as PET tracer, brain acetylcholinesterase, 1150
Kolmogorov—Smirnov test
oscillations in CBF, transcranial Doppler index, 452
Kynurenine hydroxylase
inhibitors in brain ischemia, 771
Lactate
efflux from cerebral cortex, during spreading depression, 380
in focal cerebral ischemia, spatial study, 376
hypermetabolism and neuronal damage during status epilepticus, 195
L-DOPA
and fluorodopa, PET tracers for presynaptic dopaminergic system, 1142
Leukocytes
adhesion in cerebral circulation, estrogen effects, 1061
endothelial adherence, ischemic brain, role of platelet-activating factor, 417
Lewy bodies
behavior and brain trauma, in NFH-LacZ transgenic mouse, 762
Ligand-receptor modeling
dopamine D2 quantitation with FLB 457, 533
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
tolerance to focal ischemia, microvascular perfusion, cerebrovascular hemodynamics, 616
Lithium
status epilepticus, hypermetabolism and neuronal damage, 195
L-NMMA
NOS inhibition, basal CBF and vasoneuronal coupling, 673
LY354740
and LY379268, and brain glucose utilization, 1083
Magnesium
brain intracellular, in mitochondrial cytopathies, 528
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
brain activation, gender differences in CBF and oxygenation, 1066
brain metabolites, and water diffusion, in global ischemia, 341
brain mitochondria, cytochrome oxidase near-infrared spectroscopy, 27
CBF measurement, 701
cerebral activation, fluoxetine and fenozolone effect during hand sensorimotor tasks, 1365
cerebrovascular postarteriole windkessel, delayed compliance, 679
dopamine D2 receptors, age effects on binding, 218
functional, CBF and blood oxygenation, 871
functional, movement amplitude, 1209
hemoglobin as contrast agent, cerebral blood volume, 809
lactate formation in focal cerebral ischemia, 376
neuronal cell death, cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, diffusion coefficient, hyperemia, 1354
oxygen extraction ratios, 1289
quantitative, in hypercapnia, 853
residue data, CBF and flow heterogeneity, 690
serotonin transporter radioligand McN5652, 967
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
brain intracellular free magnesium, in mitochondrial cytopathies, 528
TCA cycle in human grey and white matter, 1179
Mathematical analysis
blood-brain barrier glutamine transport during hyperglycemia, 79
bolus injection vs. slow infusion of [15O]water, PET activation, 843
CBF and flow heterogeneity from MR residue data, 690
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
cerebrovascular postarteriole windkessel, delayed compliance, 679
cortical oxygen, vibrotactile stimulation, 260, 266
cytochrome-c oxidase oxidation, during visual stimulation, 592
dopamine D2 receptor quantitation with high-affinity ligand, 533
dopamine D2 receptors, age effects on binding, 218
hemoglobin as contrast agent, cerebral blood volume, 809
intracranial pressure, noninvasive assessment, 990
linear compartmental systems in spectral analysis, PET output data, 560
metabolic rate of oxygen, visual cortex activation, 272
mitochondrial cytopathies, brain intracellular free magnesium, 528
multiresolution analysis of PET images, wavelet domain, 1189
oxygen extraction ratios, MRI, 1289
pixel-by-pixel algorithms, partial volume effect correction in PET, 547
protein binding of flumazenil and iomazenil, blood—brain barrier, 948
serotonin transporter radioligand McN5652, 967
TCA cycle in human grey and white matter, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1179
Matrix metalloproteinases
activated, after focal cerebral ischemia, 1020
during focal cerebral ischemia, 624
McN5652
serotonin transporter radioligand, 967
Melatonin
and brain damage in focal ischemia, 511
Meningitis
nitric oxide synthase expression in brain, 1175
Metabolite trafficking
lactate efflux during spreading cortical depression, 380
Methodology
bolus injection vs. slow infusion, [15O]water, PET activation studies, 843
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
kynurenine hydroxylase inhibition, focal or global ischemia, 771
receptor, in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
receptor, Src and Fyn interaction, 880
Methyl-naltrindole (MeNTI)
opioid δ receptors in brain, 956
Methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate (PMP)
as PET tracer, brain acetylcholinesterase, 1150
Microcirculation
brain, 5-HT receptor subtypes, 908
cerebral, erythrocyte velocity and flow, 863
cerebrovascular, neuropeptide Y receptors, 155
after permanent ischemia, 1322
Microdialysis
N-acetylaspartate striatal distribution, in brain ischemia, 164
Microscopy
confocal laser, erythrocyte velocity and flow in brain capillaries, 863
laser-scanning confocal, MAP2 and microvascular perfusion, 68
Microtubule-associated protein (MAP)
and microvascular perfusion, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, 68
IB and 2, upregulation in brain ischemia, age effects, 425
Microvessels
activated, vascular endothelial growth factor and integrin αvβ3, 1038
Migraine
brain adrenomedullin receptors and CGRP type 1, 1270
trigeminovascular system, neural influences on CBF, 115
Mitochondria
in acute ischemia and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, 351
brain, cytochrome oxidase near-infrared spectroscopy of dysfunction, 27
in brain trauma, cyclosporin A protection of, 443
cytochrome c release, after cerebral anoxia or ischemia, 39
cytopathies, brain intracellular free magnesium, 528
endoplasmic reticulum function, and neuronal cell injury, 19
ischemia, estrogen neuroprotective effect, 1263
in neurodegeneration, 231
permeability transition pore, brain infarction, 736
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
stroke therapy, 819
Monoamines
and brain activation during hand sensorimotor tasks, 1365
extrastriatal vesicular transporter binding site density, dihydrotetrabenazine stereoisomers, 1376
Morris maze
spatial performance after focal cerebral ischemia, 483
Motor function
and cerebral glucose, lesion of subthalamic nucleus, 149
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase deficiency, brain trauma, 835
Movement amplitude
activation in functional MRI, 1209
Myosin light chain
protein kinases, in basilar artery vasospasm, 44
NBQX
AMPA antagonist, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
Necrosis
neuronal, excitotoxins, 583
Neocortex
epileptogenic, flumazenil binding, 939
Neurodegeneration
excitotoxins in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
in focal cerebral ischemia, 18-mer peptide fragment of prosaposin, 298
mitochondria role, 231
mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
NFH-LacZ transgenic mouse, behavior and cortical damage, 762
Neurofilaments
behavior and brain trauma, in NFH-LacZ transgenic mouse, 762
proteolysis after focal ischemia, 652
Neurons
apoptosis and necrosis, excitotoxins, 583
ATPase, Na,K- isoforms, glucose utilization, 1051
CA1 pyramidal, c-Jun phosphorylation after forebrain ischemia, 1247
cell death, cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, diffusion coefficient, hyperemia, 1354
cell death, interleukin-1 receptor antagonists, 1118
cell death, kainic acid epileptic preconditioning, and sublethal global ischemia, 1296
injury to, and endoplasmic reticulum function, 1; commentary, 19
Neuropeptide Y
receptors, in human brain vessels, and cerebromicrovascular cells, 155
Neuropeptides
helospectin-like, immunochemistry and local CBF, 61
Neuroprotection
adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and ischemic brain injury, 1336
brain-derived neurotrophic factor, after forebrain ischemia, 1220
CA1 sector, hypothermia after forebrain ischemia, 742
cerebral infarction, reduction by kidney transplantation, 1329
cyclosporin A protection of mitochondria and axons, in brain trauma, 443
embolic vs. mechanical models of focal cerebral ischemia, tPA effects, 1316
estrogen effect in cerebral ischemia, antioxidation, 1263
inflammatory mediators, stroke therapy, 819
nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and antioxidant synergism, in focal ischemia, 139
nitrone in focal ischemia, 778
pineal gland and melatonin effects on ischemic brain damage, 511
TGF-α and epidermal growth factor receptor, in brain ischemia, 128
transforming growth factor-β antagonist, brain ischemia, 1345 Neuroregeneration
inflammatory mediators, stroke therapy, 819
Neurovascular coupling
hemoglobin and oxygenation, optical signals in somatosensory cortex, 246
Nitric oxide
argininosuccinate synthetase in glial cells, 898
and cerebral ischemic tolerance, hypoxic preconditioning, 331
and endothelin 1-induced calcium mobilization, and cytoskeletal F-actin filaments, in brain endothelial cells, 133
in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
nitrotyrosine formation in focal ischemia-reperfusion, 667
Nitric oxide synthase
brain, during meningitis, 1175
and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in brain ischemia, 1213
deficiency, glucose use in NOS knockout mice, 144
endothelial gene, vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1, 1029
inhibition, and antioxidant synergism, in focal ischemia, 139
L-NMMA effect on basal CBF and vasoneuronal coupling, 673
Nitric oxide synthase gene
age factors in ischemic brain, 661
m-Nitrobenzoyl-alanine
kynurenine hydroxylase inhibition, focal or global ischemia, 771
Nitrone
neuroprotective effects in focal ischemia, 778
3-Nitropriopionic acid
respiratory chain inhibition, tolerance to brain ischemia, 1229
Nitrotyrosine
in brain during focal ischemia-reperfusion, 667
Noise
multiresolution analysis of PET images, wavelet domain, 1189
NS-398
cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in brain ischemia, nitric oxide synthase gene, 1213
NXY-059
neuroprotective effects in focal ischemia, 778
Opioid
δ receptors, MeNTI and PET quantification in brain, 956
receptors, binding during trigeminal neuralgic pain, 803
Optical signals
somatosensory cortex, hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation, 246
Optics
cytochrome-c oxidase oxidation, during visual stimulation, 592
Orthostasis
arterial blood pressure and CBF, 1136
Oxidation
cytochrome-c oxidase, during visual stimulation, 592
mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
Oxidative stress
estrogen neuroprotective effect, 1263
Oxygen
cortical, vibrotactile stimulation, 260, 266
extraction ratios, MRI, 1289
free radicals, brain ischemia, respiratory chain inhibition, 1229
and glucose ratio, during cerebral sensory stimulation, 393
and hemoglobin, optical signals in somatosensory cortex, 246
metabolic rate, visual cortex activation, 272
reactive, excitotoxins in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
reactive, mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
saturation, in hypercapnia, quantitative MRI, 853
Oxygenation
blood, and CBF function MRI, 871
in brain activation, gender differences, 1066
Pain
trigeminal neuralgic, opioid receptor binding, 803
Parkinson's disease
mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
subthalamic nucleus, cerebral glucose and motor behavior in lesion of, 149
Partial volume effect correction
pixel-by-pixel algorithms, in PET, 547
Peptides
helospectin-like, immunochemistry, and local CSF, 61
18-mer fragment of prosaposin, in brain ischemia, 298
Perfusion
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
early postischemic, PET, 467
focal ischemia, nitrotyrosine formation, 667
microvascular, and MAP2, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, 68
microvascular, cerebrovascular hemodynamics, lipopolysaccharide-induced tolerance to focal ischemia, 616
Permeability
in brain trauma, cyclosporin A protection of mitochondria and axons, 443
mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
mitochondrial membrane, in neurodegeneration, 351
mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, cerebral anoxia or ischemia, 39
sarcolemma, during spasm, DNA binding dyes and apoptosis, 889
transition pore, mitochondrial, in brain ischemia, 736
Peroxynitrite
in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
nitrotyrosine formation in focal ischemia-reperfusion, 667
Phosphorylation
Akt kinase, after cerebral ischemia, 1126
c-Jun, CA1 pyramidal neurons after forebrain ischemia, 1247
protein tyrosine, tolerance in brain ischemia, 173
tyrosine, Src and Fyn interaction with NMDA receptor and postsynaptic densities, 880
Photic stimulation
brain activation, gender differences in CBF and oxygenation, 1066
Pial artery
vasodilation and CGRP release, w-toxin effects, 53
Pilocarpine
status epilepticus, hypermetabolism and neuronal damage, 195
Pineal gland
brain damage in focal ischemia, 511
Plasminogen activator, tissue type
embolic vs. mechanical models of focal cerebral ischemia, 1316
Platelet-activating factor
and leukocyte-endothelial adherence, ischemic brain, 417
Platelets
thromboembolic stroke, and hypovolemic hypotension, 918
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase deficiency
cognitive and motor deficits after brain trauma, 835
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
brain microcirculation, acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, 794
DNA fragmentation, in cerebral ischemia, 502
5-HT receptor subtypes, microvascular and astroglial, 908 Positron emission tomography (PET)
activation studies, butanol vs. water, 982
bolus injection vs. slow infusion, [15O]water, 843
brain hematocrit in centrum semiovale, in ischemia, 109
CBF and vasoneuronal coupling, L-NMMA inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, 673
cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, visual cortex activation, 272
cortical oxygen, vibrotactile stimulation, 260, 266
D2 receptor binding, age effects, 218
dopamine D2 receptor quantitation with high-affinity ligand, 533
dopamine turnover, presynaptic integrity, fluoro-dopa vs. fluoro-tyrosine, 279
early postischemic hyperperfusion, 467
FLB 457 binding to extrastriatal dopamine receptors, 1164
flumazenil binding in epileptogenic neocortex, 939
in headache syndromes, trigeminovascular system, neural influences on CBF, 115
l-DOPA and fluorodopa a s tracers for presynaptic dopaminergic system, 1142
monoamine transporter binding site density, dihydrotetrabenazine stereoisomers, 1376
multiresolution analysis, wavelet domain, 1189
opioid δ receptors in brain, 956
opioid receptors, during trigeminal neuralgic pain, 803
output data, linear compartmental systems in spectral analysis, 560
pixel-by-pixel algorithms, partial volume effect correction, 547
PMP as tracer, brain acetylcholinesterase, 1150
serotonin transporter radioligand McN5652, 967
striatal dopamine D2 receptor density and affinity with raclopride, 210
trigeminal neuralgic pain, opioid receptor binding, 803
water studies, interscan intervals, single-subject and group analyses, 570
Postsynaptic density
Src and Fyn interaction, 880
Potassium
channels, in hippocampal cell death, kainic acid epileptic preconditioning, and sublethal global ischemia, 1296
extracellular, and glucose utilization, neuronal and glial, regulation by Na,K-ATPase isoforms, 1051
inward rectifier current, and brain ischemia, 1309
Power spectra
oscillations in CBF, transcranial Doppler index, 452
Preconditioning
focal ischemia, tolerance to MCA occlusion, 757
hypoxic, brain ischemia tolerance, nitric oxide role, 331
tolerance in brain ischemia, tyrosine phosphorylation, 173
Pressure
intracranial, noninvasive assessment, 990
Prosaposin
18-mer peptide fragment, in brain ischemia, 298
Proteasome complex p112
in ischemic hippocampus, mRNA differential display, 435
Protein kinases
vasospasm in basilar artery, 44
Proteins
hippocampal, insulin effects after ischemia, 1010
in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats, before brain infarcts, 1238
Proteolysis
neurofilament, after focal ischemia, 652
Raclopride
affinity with striatal dopamine D2 receptor, 210
Rafl
protein kinases, in basilar artery vasospasm, 44
Receptors
acetylcholine muscarinic, brain microcirculation, 794
adenosine, in hippocampal cell death, kainic acid epileptic preconditioning, and sublethal global ischemia, 1296
adrenomedullin, in trigeminal ganglia, brain vessels, astrocytes, 1270
AMPA, antagonist NBQX, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
dopamine, extrastriatal, FLB 457 binding, 1164
dopamine D2, age effects on binding, 218
dopamine D2, extrastriatal, quantitation with high-affinity ligand, 533
dopamine D2, striatal density and affinity with raclopride, 210
epidermal growth factor, and TGF-α, neuroprotection in brain ischemia, 128
histamine, dexamethasone effect in cerebral endothelium, 321
5-HT subtypes, microvascular and astroglial, 908
interleukin-1, antagonists, and neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction, 1118
metabotropic glutamate agonists, and local cerebral glucose use, 1083
neuropeptide Y, in human brain vessels, and cerebromicrovascular cells, 155
NMDA, Src and Fyn interaction, 880
opioid, binding during trigeminal neuralgic pain, 803
opioid δ, MeNTI and PET quantification in brain, 956
Regeneration
MAP1B and MAP2 upregulation, ischemic brain, age factors, 425
Rehabilitation
stroke, postischemic training, 997
Relaxation time
cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, diffusion coefficient, hyperemia, and neuronal death, 1354
Remodeling
basilar arteries in spontaneous hypertension, effects of salt and calcium antagonists, 517
Respiratory chain
and tolerance to cerebral ischemia, 1229
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
histamine receptors in brain endothelium, dexamethasone effects, 321
Review Articles
Disturbances of the Functioning of Endoplasmic Reticulum: A
Key Mechanism Underlying Neuronal Cell Injury? 1;
Commentary, 19
Early Postischemic Hyperperfusion: Pathophysiologic Insights From Positron Emission Tomography, 467
Excitotoxins in Neuronal Apoptosis and Necrosis, 583
Inflammatory Mediators and Stroke: New Opportunities for Novel Therapeutics, 819
Measuring Cerebral Blood Flow Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques, 701
Mitochondria in Neurodegeneration: Acute Ischemia and Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases, 351
Mitochondria in Neurodegeneration: Bioenergetic Function in Cell Life and Death, 231
Trigeminovascular System in Humans: Pathophysiologic
Implications for Primary Headache Syndromes of the Neural Influences on the Cerebral Circulation, 115
RNA
GluR2, editing in hippocampus, ischemic tolerance, 370
Salt
and basilar arteries in spontaneous hypertension, 517
Sarcolemma
permeability during spasm, DNA binding dyes and apoptosis, 889
Seizures
AMPA antagonist NBQX, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
hypermetabolism and neuronal damage during status epilepticus, 195
postischemic steroid effects, 1072
Sensorimotor tasks
hand, fluoxetine and fenozolone effect on brain activation, 1365
Sensory stimulation
cerebral oxygen/glucose ratio during, 393
Sequence analysis
SEF-2 and p112 expression in ischemic hippocampus, 435
after subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospastic cerebral arteries, 1279
She
protein kinases, in basilar artery vasospasm, 44
Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)
intra-arterial thrombolysis in acute stroke, 99
multiresolution analysis of PET images, wavelet domain, 1189
Somatosensory cortex
blood oxygenation, and CBF functional MRI, 871
optical signals, hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation, 246
Spatial performance
after focal cerebral ischemia, 483
Spectral analysis
arterial blood pressure and CBF during supine rest and orthostasis, 1136
hemoglobin and oxygenation, optical signals in somatosensory cortex, 246
linear compartmental systems, PET output data, 560
metabolic activity patterns in visual cortex, 401
oscillations in CBF, transcranial Doppler index, 452
Spectroscopy
near-infrared, cytochrome oxidase in brain mitochondria, 27
near-infrared, cytochrome-c oxidase oxidation, during visual stimulation, 592
proton magnetic resonance, N-acetylaspartate striatal distribution, in brain ischemia, 164
Spin trapping
nitric oxide synthase expression in meningitis, 1175
Spin-echo BOLD theory
hemoglobin as contrast agent, cerebral blood volume, 809
Spreading depression. See Depression, spreading. Src
interaction with NMDA receptor and postsynaptic densities, 880
Statistical analysis
hemoglobin and oxygenation, optical signals in somatosensory cortex, 246
multiresolution analysis of PET images, wavelet domain, 1189
PET water interscan interval, single-subject and group analyses, 570
Status epilepticus
hypermetabolism and neuronal damage during, 195
Stress
heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, in cerebral ischemia, 307
metabolic, endoplasmic reticulum function, and neuronal cell injury, 1
ubiquitin response in hippocampus, 750
Striatum
dopamine D2 receptor density and affinity with raclopride, 210
ischemia, N-acetylaspartate distribution, 164
Stroke
brain adrenomedullin receptors and CGRP type 1, 1270
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
early postischemic hyperperfusion, PET, 467
inflammatory mediator therapy, 819
intra-arterial thrombolysis, single-photon emission-CT, 99
mitochondria role in neurodegeneration, 231
mitochondrial membrane permeability, 351
rehabilitation, postischemic training, 997
thromboembolic, and hypovolemic hypotension, 918
Subthalamic nucleus
unilateral lesion, cerebral glucose and motor behavior, 149
Superoxide anion
leukocyte-endothelial adherence, role of platelet-activating factor, 417
in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, 583
Survival rates
AMPA antagonist NBQX, after asphyxic cardiac arrest, 927
Susceptibility contrast
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
Synaptic plasticity
postischemic steroid effects, 1072
Temperature
CA1 sector neuroprotection, 742
Test-retest analysis
dopamine D2 receptor, striatal density and affinity with raclopride, 210
Thalamus
retrograde degeneration, in focal cerebral ischemia, 18-mer peptide fragment of prosaposin, 298
Therapeutic window
intra-arterial thrombolysis in acute stroke, SPECT, 99
Thrombolysis
early postischemic hyperperfusion, PET, 467
embolic vs. mechanical models of focal cerebral ischemia, tPA effects, 1316
intra-arterial, i n acute stroke, single-photon emission-CT, 99
Thrombosis
stroke, and hypovolemic hypotension, 918
Tissue culture
astrocytes, brain, adrenomedullin receptors and CGRP type 1, 1270
Tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA)
embolic vs. mechanical models of focal cerebral ischemia, 1316
Tolerance
brain ischemia, and hypoxic preconditioning, nitric oxide role, 331
brain ischemia, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, 173
brain ischemia, respiratory chain inhibition, 1229
endoplasmic reticulum function, and neuronal cell injury, 1
ischemia, GluR2 RNA editing in hippocampus, 370
LPS-induced, focal ischemia, microvascular perfusion, cerebrovascular hemodynamics, 616
to MCA occlusion, focal ischemic preconditioning, 757
ubiquitin stress response in hippocampus, 750
Topography
interleukin-1β expression in focal ischemia, 87
Training
stroke rehabilitation, postischemic training, 997
Transcription factor
SEF-2, in ischemic hippocampus, mRNA differential display, 435
Transfer function
Doppler flowmetry, hemodynamics in carotid stenosis, 460
Transforming growth factor-α and epidermal growth factor receptor, neuroprotection in brain ischemia, 128
Transforming growth factor-β
antagonist, in excitotoxic and ischemic brain injury, 1345
Transit time
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
Transplantation
kidney, reduction of cerebral infarction, 1329
Transporters
glycine and glutamate, hippocampus in forebrain ischemia, 604
monoamine, extrastriatal vesicular binding site density, dihydrotetrabenazine stereoisomers, 1376
serotonin radioligand McN5652, 967
Trauma, brain
and behavior in NFH-LacZ transgenic mouse, 762
cyclosporin A protection of mitochondria and axons, 443
DNA fragmentation, caspase inhibition, 634
inflammatory mediator therapy, 819
interleukin-1 receptor antagonists, and neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction, 1118
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase deficiency, 835
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
in human grey and white matter, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1179
Trigeminal ganglia
adrenomedullin receptors and CGRP type 1, 1270
Trigeminal nerve
neuralgic pain, opioid receptor binding, 803
Trigeminovascular system
primary headache syndromes, neural influences on cerebral circulation, 115
TrkB
brain-derived neurotrophic factor, after brain ischemia, 1220
Trophic factors
cerebral infarction, reduction by kidney transplantation, 1329
GDNF, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, and ischemic brain injury, 1336
Tumor necrosis factor α
in brain ischemia, 1004
expression after cerebral ischemia, interleukin-1β converting enzyme role, 1109
stroke therapy, 819
Tumors, brain
CBF measurement with MRI techniques, 701
TUNEL method
adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GDNF, brain ischemia, 1336
Tyrosine
phosphorylation, Src and Fyn interaction with NMDA receptor and postsynaptic densities, 880
phosphorylation, tolerance in brain ischemia, 173
Tyrosine kinase
in basilar artery vasospasm, 44
Ubiquitin
stress response in hippocampus, 750
Ultrasonography
oscillations in CBF, transcranial Doppler index, 452
transcranial Doppler, transfer function, hemodynamics in carotid stenosis, 460
Upregulation
MAP 1B and MAP2, in brain ischemia, age effects, 425
Vascular headaches
trigeminovascular system, neural influences on CBF, 115
Vascular models
flow heterogeneity from MR residue data, 690
Vasculature
brain, adrenomedullin receptors and CGRP type 1, 1270
cerebrovascular, neuropeptide Y receptors, 155
collateral circulation after middle cerebral artery occlusion, angiotensinogen role, 1092
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
and helospectin-like peptides, immunochemistry and local CBF, 61
Vasoconstriction
endothelin-1, and nitric oxide synthase gene expression, 1029
Vasodilation
and αω- toxin effects on CGRP release in pial artery, 53
cerebral, intracranial pressure, noninvasive assessment, 990
Vasospasm
basilar artery, protein kinases, 44
cerebral arteries, after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1279
and sarcolemma permeability, DNA binding dyes and apoptosis, 889
Vesicles
extrastriatal, monoamine transporter binding site density, dihydrotetrabenazine stereoisomers, 1376
Vibrotactile stimulation
cortical oxygen, 260, 266
Visual cortex
cytochrome-c oxidase oxidation, 592
metabolic activity patterns, 401
metabolic rate of oxygen, 272
Volume, cerebral blood
cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, diffusion coefficient, hyperemia, and neuronal death, 1354
hemoglobin as contrast agent, 809
in hypercapnia, quantitative MRI, 853
inward rectifier potassium current, brain ischemia, 1309
Water
vs. butanol, PET activation studies, 982
diffusion after excitotoxic injury and global ischemia, 341
PET studies, interscan intervals, single-subject and group analyses, 570
[15O]Water
bolus injection vs. slow infusion, PET activation, 843
Wavelets
multiresolution analysis of PET images, 1189
White matter
brain hematocrit in centrum semiovale, PET in ischemia, 109
TCA cycle, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1179
windkessel
cerebrovascular postarteriole, with delayed compliance, 679
Wire myography
basilar arteries in spontaneous hypertension, effects of salt and calcium antagonists, 517
Zymography
activated metalloproteinases, after focal cerebral ischemia, 1020
matrix metalloproteinases, in focal cerebral ischemia, 624