Black Boxism and the Sociology of Science: A Discussion of the Major Developments in the Field

Abrahamsson B. ‘Homans on Exchange: Hedonism Revived’, American Journal of Sociology, 76, 1970. 273–285.

Barnes S. B. ‘Paradigms—Scientific and Social’, Man, 4. 1969. 94–102.

Barnes S. B. Dolby R. G. A. ‘The Scientific Ethos: A Deviant Viewpoint’, European Journal of Sociology, 11. 1970. 3–25.

Bayer A. E. Folger J. ‘Some Correlates of a Citation Measure of Productivity in Social Science’, Sociology of Education, 26. 1966.

Bunge M. Causality, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959. ‘A General Black Box Theory’, Philosophy of Science, 30. 1963. 346–358. ‘Phenomenological Theories’, in Bunge M. (ed), The Critical Approach to Science and Philosophy, London: Collier-Macmillan. 1964. Scientific Research, N.Y.: Springer Verlag. 1967. 2 vols. ‘The Maturation of Science’, in Lakatos I. Musgrave A. (eds), Problems in the Philosophy of Science, Amsterdam: North Holland, 1968.

Cole S. ‘Professional Standing and the Reception of Scientific Discoveries’, American Journal of Sociology, 76, 1970. 286–306; and Cole J. R. ‘Scientific Output and Recognition’, American Sociological Review, 32. 1967. 377–390. ‘Visibility and the Structural Bases of Awareness of Scientific Research’, American Sociological Review, 33, 1968, 379–413.

Collingwood R. G. The Idea of Nature, Oxford University Press, 1965.

Crane D. ‘Scientists at Major and Minor Universities’, American Sociological Review, 30. 1965. 699–714. ‘Social Class Origin and Academic Success’, Sociology of Education, 42. 1969. 1–17.

Dolby R. G. A. ‘Sociology of Knowledge in Natural Science’, Science Studies, 1. 1971. 1–21.

Durkheim E. Mauss M. Primitive Classification, London: Cohen and West, 1963. First published in Année Sociologique, 1901–2.

Feigl H. ‘The Origin and Spirit of Logical Positivism’, in Achinstein P. Barker S. F. (eds), The Legacy of Logical Positivism, John Hopkins, University Press. 1969.

Feyerabend P. K. ‘s;Explanation, Reduction and Empiricism’, in Feigl H. Maxwell G. (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science III, University of Minnesota Press, 1962. ‘Realism and Instrumentalism’, in Bunge M. (ed), The Critical Approach to Science and Philosophy, N.Y.: Basic Books, 1064. ‘On the Improvement of the Sciences and the Arts’, in Cohen R. S. Wartofsky M. (eds), Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Sciene III, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1967. ‘Consolations for the Specialist’, in Lakatos I. Musgrave A. (eds), 1970a. ‘Against Method’, in Radner M. Winokur S. (eds), Analyses of Theories and Methods of Physics and Psychology, Minnesota University Press, 1970c. 'Problems of Empiricism, IF, in Colodny R. G. (ed), The Nature and Function of Scientific Theories, Pittsburg, University Press, 1970b.

Gaston J. C. ‘The Reward System in British Science’, American Sociological Review, 35. 1970. 718–732.

Glass B. ‘The Relations of the Physical Sciences to Biology—Indeterminacy and Causality’, in Baumrin B. (ed), Delaware Seminar in the Philosophy of Science, N.Y.: Wiley, 1963, Vol. 1.

Hagstrom W. O. The Scientific Community, N.Y.: Basic Books, 1965.

Hall A. R. ‘Merton Revisited’, History of Science, 2. 1963, 1–16.

Harre R. The Principles of Scientific Thinking, London: Macmillan, 1970.

Hempel C. G. Aspects of Scientific Explanation, N.Y.: Free Press, 1965. ‘Logical Positivism and the Social Sciences’, in Achinstein P. Barber S. F. (eds), The Legacy of Logical Positivism, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1969.

Isajiw W. W. Causation and Functionalism in Sociology, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968.

Jarvie I. C. The Revolution in Anthropology, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964.

Jenkins W. I. Velody I. Behavioural Science Models for the Growth of Interdisciplinary Fields, Background Paper, O.E.C.D. Paris and Loughborough University, 1969.

King M. D. ‘Reason, Tradition and the Progressiveness of Science’, Unpublished Paper, Nottingham University, 1970. This paper will be published in History and Theory during 1971.

Kornhauser W. Scientists in Industry, University of California Press, 1962.

Kuhn T. S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago University Press, 1962b. ‘Energy Conservation as an Example of Simultaneous Discovery’, in Barber B. Hirsch W. (eds), The Sociology of Science, N.Y.: Free Press, 1692a, ‘Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research?’ and ‘Reflections on my Critics’, in Lakatos I. Musgrave A. (eds), 1970a. ‘The Essential Tension: Tradition and Innovation in Scientific Research’, in Taylor C. W. Barron F. (eds), Scientific Creativity, N.Y.: Wiley, 1963a. ‘The Function of Dogma in Scientific Research’, in Crombie A. C. (ed), Scientific Change, London: Heineman, 1963b. ‘Postscript’, in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd Edition, 1970b. ‘Notes on Lakatos’, in Cohen R. S. Buck R. (eds), Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science VIII, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1971.

Lakatos I. ‘Criticism and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 69. 1968. 149–186. ‘Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes’, in Lakatos I. Musgrave A. (eds), 1970. ‘History of Science and its Rational Reconstructions’, in Cohen R. S. Buck R. (eds), Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science VIII, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1971a. Page references in text refer to the typescript. ‘Popper on Demarcation and Induction’, in Schilpp P. A. (ed), The Philosophy of Sir Karl Popper, La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1971b. and Musgrave A. (eds), Criticism and Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Martins H. ‘Sociology of Knowledge and Sociology of Science’, Unpublished paper, Essex University, 1970. A condensed version of this paper is published in Hanson A. H. Nossiter T. Rokkan S. (eds), Imagination and Precision in Political Analysis: Essays in Honour of Peter Nettl, London: Faber, 1972.

Masterman M. ‘The Nature of a Paradigm’, in Lakatos I. Musgrave A. (eds), 1970.

Merton R. K. ‘Civilisation and Culture’, Sociology and Social Research, 21. 1936. 103–113. ‘Priorities in Scientific Discovery’, in Barber B. Hirsch W. (eds), The Sociology of Science, N.Y.: Free Press, 1962. ‘The Ambivalence of Scientists’, Bulletin of the John Hopkins Hospital, 112, 1963, 77–97. Social Theory and Social Structure, N.Y.: Free Press, 3rd edition, 1968. ‘Preface’, to Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England, N.Y.: Fertig, 1970.

Mulkay M. J. ‘Some Aspects of Cultural Growth in the Natural Sciences’, Social Research, 36. 1969. 22–52. ‘Paradigms and Cognitive Norms’, Unpublished paper, Cambridge University, 1970. Functionalism, Exchange and Theoretical Strategy, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971.

Needham R. ‘Introduction’, to Durkheim Mauss , 1963.

Parsons T. The Social System, N.Y.: Free Press, 1951.

Pocock J. G. A. ‘Time, Institutions and Action: An Essay on Traditions and their Understanding’, in King P. Parekh B. C. (eds), Politics and Experience, Cambridge University Press, 1968.

Polanyi M. Personal Knowledge, Chicago University Press, 1962, Science, Faith and Society, Chicago University Press, 1064. The Tacit Dimension, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966.

Popper K. R. The Logic of Scientific Discovery, London: Hutchinson, 1968a. The Poverty of Historicism, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1961. The Open Society and its Enemies, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966. ‘Epistemology Without a Knowing Subject’, van Rootselaar M. Staal J. F. (eds), Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, III, Amsterdam: North Holland, 1968b. Conjectures and Refutations, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969. ‘Normal Science and its Dangers’, in Lakatos I. Musgrave A. (eds), 1970.

Price D. ‘Citation Measures of Hard Science, Soft Science, Technology and Non Science’, in Nelson C. E. Pollock D. K. (eds), Communication Among Scientists and Engineers, Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1970.

Radnitzky G. Contemporary Schools of Metascience, Goteborg, Sweden: Akademiforlaget, 1968, 2 vols.

Shapere D. ‘Meaning and Scientific Change’, in Colodny R. G. (ed), Mind and Cosmos, Pittsburg University Press, 1966.

Scheffler I. Science and Subjectivity, Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1967.

Shephard H. A. ‘Nine Dilemnas in Industrial Research’, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1. 1956. 295–309.

Storer N. The Social System of Science, N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966. ‘The Hard Sciences and the Soft’, Bulletin of the Medical Library Associations, 55. 1967. 75–84.

Watkins J. W. N. “Against ‘Normal Science’,” in Lakatos I. Musgrave A. (eds) 1970a, ‘Imperfect Rationality’, in Borger R. Cioffi F. (eds), Explanation in the Behavioural Sciences, Cambridge University Press, 1970b.

Whitley R. D. Frost P. A. ‘Authority, Problem Solving Approaches, Communication and Change in a British Research Laboratory’, Journal of Management Studies, October, 1972.

Ziman J. Public Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, 1968.

Zuckerman H. ‘Stratification in Amerecian Science’, Sociological Inquiry, 40. 1970. 235–257.