In seven cases with pleural effusion transosseal azygography has been per formed, in order to specify any cause for the fluid accumulation that could be related to the azygous system. In 4 cases azygography appeared normal and further laboratory work-up revealed collagen disease, heart failure and lung cancer. In the remaining 3 cases (2 with recent myocardial infarction and 1 with unstable angina) azygography discerned thrombosis of the hemiazygous vein. It is suggested that in cases with an otherwise unexplained left-sited thoracic tran sudate a thrombosis of the hemiazygous vein may be visualized by transosseal azygography.
References
1.
Abrams LH: Angiography. Little, Brown and Company, Boston. Second Edition, Volume I, 1971 p. 598-623.
2.
Schwartz S., Handel S. and Candel S.: Azygography. Radiology72:338-343, 1959.
3.
Mays ET, Gonzales CP: Azygography. Archives of Surgery88:233-238, 1964.
4.
Singleton BE and Rosenberg SH: Intraluminal calcification of the inferior vena cava. J Roentgenol Rad Therapy and Nuclear Med86:556-560, 1961.
5.
Silverman RN , Borns FP, Golostein HA, Greening RR, et al: Thrombus calcification in the inferior vena cava. J Roentgenol Rad Therapy and Nuclear Med106:97-102, 1969.
6.
Gruss JD, Bartels D., Kardedos C., Tsafandakis E., et al:Unser Behandlungsskonzept beim akuten Verschluss der Vena subclavia. Phlebol u. Proktol10:25-32, 1981.
7.
Dinkelaker F. , Eisele R., Haering R.: Das Paget-von Schroetter Syndrom. Med Welt33(18):671-675, 1982.
8.
Theiss W., Wirtzfeld A.: Fibrinolytische Behandlung von akuten und subakuten Thrombosen der tiefen Venen des Schulterguertels. Deutsch Med Wochenschr107:933-936, 1982.
9.
Kakkar VV: Prevention of venous thromboembolism. InternAngiology1:39-62, 1982.
10.
Born Cvr: Platelets in relation to atherosclerosis. Intern. Symposium Stage of prevention and therapy in human atherosclerosis and in animal models . (Ed) Haus W.H., Opalden , West Deutscher Verlag, 1978.
11.
Mueller R.: Zum gegenwaertigen Stand der Haemorheologie aus klinischpharmakologischer Sicht. Therapiewoche30:2440-2451, 1980 .
12.
Dintenfass L. : Theoretical aspects and clinical applications of the blood viscosity equation containing a term for the internal viscosity of the red cell. In: Red Cell Rheology. (Eds) M. Bessis, S.B. Shohet and N. Mohandas, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg- New York, 1978.
13.
Diamantopoulos EJ, Raptis S., Karaiskos K., Hadjidakis D., et al: Haemorheological parameters in diabetics under different modes of treatment. 2. Europ. Conf. Clin. Haemorheology , London, 30 Sept.-2 Oct. 1981, Abstr. p. 4.
14.
Diamantopoulos EJ, Raptis S., Karaiskos K., Mandel R., et al: Erythrozyten-deformabilitaet bei koronarkranken mit und ohne Diabetes mellitus. Verhandl Deutsch Gesells Innere Med p. 120-123, J.F. Bergmann Verlag, Muenchen1981.
15.
Diamantopoulos EJ, Raptis S., Karaiskos K., Mandel R., et al: Plasma concentration of β-Thromboglobulin in diabetes mellitus and its relation to vascular complications. Intern. Workshop of Angiology, Trieste-Italy, 2-5 July 1981, Abstr. p. 46.
16.
Diamantopoulos E., Raptis S., Moulopoulos S.: Thrombocyte activity, erythrocyte deformability and glycosylated haemoglobin A, in diabetics with ischaemic cardiopathy. IX World Congr. Cardiology, Moscow, USSR, 20-26 June, 1982, Abstr. 0907.
