Distance to major topographic features was found to be highly predictive of perceived scenic beauty of natural scenes. In addition, the hypothesis of a nonmonotonic functional relationship was supported. The implications of nonmonotonicity were addressed, including such things as the implied presence of maximal and minimal levels of impact. These implications were contrasted with Buhyoff and Wellman's (1980) suggestion of a monotonic logarithmic function and were compared with similar findings in experimental aesthetics (Berlyne 1974).
References
1.
ARTHUR, L M. (1977) "Predicting scenic beauty of forest environments: some empirical tests."Forest Sci.23, 2: 151-160.
2.
BAIRD, J. C. and E. NOMA (1978) Fundamentals of Scaling and Psychophysics. New York: John Wiley.
3.
BERLYNE, D. E. (1974) Studies in New Experimental Aesthetics. New York: John Wiley.
4.
BERLYNE, D. E. (1960) Conflict, Arousal, Curiosity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
5.
BUHYOFF, G. J. and W. A. LEUSCHNER (1978) "Estimating psychological disutility from damaged forest stands."Forest Sci.24, 3: 424-432.
6.
BUHYOFF, G. J. and J. D. WELLMAN (1980) "'The specification of a nonlinear psychophysical function for visual landscape dimensions."J. of Leisure Research12, 3: 257-272.
7.
BUHYOFF, G. J. , W. A. LEUSCHNER, and L K. ARNDT (1980) "Replication of a scenic preference function."Forest Sci.26, 2: 227-230.
8.
BUHYOFF, G. J. , H. RAUSCHER, R. B. HULL, K. KILLEEN (1980) "Microcomputer resident comprehensive statistical analysis."Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation12, 5: 551-553.
9.
CRAIK, K. H. (1972) "Appraising the objectivity of landscape dimensions," in J. V. Krutilla (ed.) Natural Environments: Studies in Theoretical and Applied Analysis. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
10.
DANIEL, T. C. and R. S. BOSTER (1976) "Measuring landscape esthetics: the scenic beauty estimation method." Research Paper RM-167. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
11.
DANIEL, T. C. , G. J. BUHYOFF, and J. D. WELLMAN (1981) Progress Report II for 16-930-GR: Assessment of Public Perceptions and Values Regarding Mountain Pine Beetle and Western Spruce Budworm impacts in the Colorado Front Range. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
12.
DANIEL, T. C. , L. M. ANDERSON, H. W. SCHROEDER, and L. WHEELER (1977) "Mapping the scenic beauty of forest landscapes."Leisure Sciences1, 1: 35-52.
13.
DRAPER, N. R. and H. SMITH (1981) Applied Regression Analysis. New York: John Wiley.
14.
GUILFORD, J. P. (1954) Psychometric Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
15.
KAPLAN, S. (1979) "Perception and landscape: conceptions and misconceptions," in G. Eisner (ed.) Proceedings of Our Natural Landscape: A Conference on Applied Techniques for Analysis and Management of the Visual Resource. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
16.
SAMUELSON, P. A. (1967) Economics: An Introductory Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill.
17.
SAS Institute (1979) SAS User's Guide. Cary, NC: Author.
18.
SCHROEDER, N. W. and T. C. DANIEL (1981) "Progress in predicting the perceived scenic beauty of forest landscapes."Forest Sci.27, 1: 71-80.
19.
SHAFER, E. L. , S. F. HAMILTON, and E. A. SCHMIDT (1969) "Natural landscape preferences: a predictive model."J. of Leisure Research1, 1: 1-19.
20.
TRAVIS, M. G. , G. H. ELSNER, W. D. IVERSON and C. G. JOHNSON (1975) VIEWIT: Computation of Seen Areas, Slopes, and aspect for land use planning. General Technical Report PSW-1 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
21.
ULRICH, R. S. (1977) 'Visual landscape preference: a model and application."Man-Environment Systems7: 279-293.
22.
VITZ, P. C. (1966) "Preferences for different amounts of visual complexity."Behavioral Sci.11105-114.
23.
WARD, L M. , and J. A. RUSSELL (1981) "The psychological representation of molar physical environments."J. of Experimental Psychology: General110: 121-152.
24.
WOHLWILL, J. F. (1976) "Environmental aesthetics: the environment as a source of affect," in I. Altman and J. F. Wohlwill (eds.) Human Behavior and Environment: Advances in Theory and Research, Vol. 1. New York: Plenum.