The joint effects of personality and job scope on in-role performance,citizenship behaviors,and creativity

Abstract

This study examined the relation between personality and three dimensions of job performance (in-role performance, creativity, and citizenship behavior) under differing levels of job scope. The basic premise was that higher job scope would facilitate performance for those who were dispositionally inclined toward a particular dimension of performance and damage the performance of those who were dispositionally disinclined. Among 383 work-unit dyads in 11 organizations, some support was found for the predicted interactions between Big Five personality traits and job scope in predicting various aspects of performance.

Keywords

Big Five model citizenship behaviors creativity Five Factor model job characteristics model job design job performance job satisfaction personality person—job fit

References

Amabile TM , Conti R. , Coon H. , Lazenby J. , and Herron M. ( 1996) Assessing the work environment for creativity. Academy of Management Journal 39(5): 1154-1184.

Baron RM , Kenny DA ( 1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(6): 1173-1182.

Barrick RM , Mount MK ( 1991) The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology 44(1): 1-26.

Barrick RM , Mount MK ( 1993) Autonomy as a moderator of the relationship between the Big Five personality dimensions and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 78(1): 111-118.

Benet-Martinez V. , John OP ( 1998) Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75(3): 729-750.

Butt AN , Choi JN ( 2006) The effects of cognitive appraisal and emotion on social motive and negotiation behavior: The critical role of agency of negotiator emotion. Human Performance 19(4): 305-325.

Butt AN , Choi JN , and Jaeger A. ( 2005) The effects of self-emotion, counterpart emotion, and counterpart behavior on negotiator behavior: A comparison of individual-level and dyad-level dynamics. Journal of Organizational Behavior 26(6): 681-704.

Chatman JA ( 1989) Improving interactional organizational research: A model of person-organization fit. Academy of Management Review 14(3): 333-349.

Costa PT , McCrae RR ( 1992) Revised NEO Personality Inventory and NEO Five-Factor Inventory Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

10.

Erez A. , Judge TA ( 2001) Relationship of core self-evaluations to goal setting, motivation, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 86(6): 1270-1279.

11.

Feist GJ ( 1998) A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2(4): 290-309.

12.

Fried Y. , Ferris GR ( 1987) The validity of job characteristics model: A review and meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology 40(2): 287-322.

13.

Funder DC ( 2001) Personality. Annual Review of Psychology 52(1): 197-221.

14.

Gellatly IR ( 1996) Conscientiousness and task performance: Test of a cognitive process model. Journal of Applied Psychology 81(5): 474-482.

15.

Goldberg LR ( 1990) An alternative ‘description of personality’: The Big Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59(6): 1216-1229.

16.

Hackman JR , Oldham GR ( 1976) Motivation through the design of work: Test of theory . Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 16(3): 250-279.

17.

Hackman JR , Oldham GR ( 1980) Work Redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

18.

Hogan R. ( 1983) A socioanalytic theory of personality. In: Page MM (ed.) Personality - Current Theory and Research: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 30. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 55-89.

19.

Hogan J. , Hogan R. ( 1989) How to measure employee reliability. Journal of Applied Psychology 74(2): 273-279.

20.

Hogan R. , Hogan J. ( 1992) Hogan Personality Inventory Manual. Tulsa, OK: Hogan Assessment Systems.

21.

Hough LM , Ones DS ( 2001) The structure, measurement, validity, and use of personality variables in industrial, work, and organizational psychology. In: Anderson N , Ones DS , Sinangil H , and Viswesvaran C (eds) Handbook of Industrial, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 1. London: SAGE , 233-277.

22.

House RJ , Shane SA , and Herold DM ( 1996) Rumors of the death of dispositional research are vastly exaggerated. Academy of Management Review 21(1): 203-224.

23.

Humphrey SE , Nahrgang JD , and Morgeson FP ( 2007) Integrating social and motivational models of work design: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature . Journal of Applied Psychology 92(5): 1332-1356.

24.

John OP , Donahue EM , and Kentle RL ( 1991) The ‘Big Five’ Inventory - Versions 4a and 5a. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research.

25.

John OP , Srivastava S. ( 1999) The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In: Pervin LA , John OP (eds) Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research. New York : Guilford, 102-138.

26.

Johns G. ( 2006) The essential impact of context on organizational behavior . Academy of Management Review 31(2): 386-408.

27.

Johns G. , Xie JL , and Fang Y. ( 1992) Mediating and moderating effects in jobs design. Journal of Management 18(4): 657-676.

28.

Judge TA , Bono JE ( 2000) Five-Factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology 85(5): 751-765.

29.

Judge TA , Cable DM ( 1997) Applicant personality, organizational culture, and organization attraction. Personnel Psychology 50(2): 359-394.

30.

Judge TA , Ilies R. ( 2002) Relationship of personality to performance motivation: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology 87(4): 797-807.

31.

Judge TA , Locke AE , and Durham CC ( 1997) The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior 19: 151-188.

32.

Judge TA , Martocchio JJ , and Thoresen CJ ( 1997) Five-factor model of personality and employee absence . Journal of Applied Psychology 82(5): 745-755.

33.

Katz D. ( 1964) The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral Science 9(2): 131-146.

34.

Kickul J. , Lester SW , and Belgio E. ( 2004) Attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of psychological contract breach: a cross cultural comparison of the United States and Hong Kong Chinese . International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 4(2): 229-252.

35.

McCrae RR , Costa PT ( 1997) Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience. In: Hogan R , Johnson JA , and Briggs SR (eds) Handbook of Personality Psychology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 825-847.

36.

McCrae RR , John OP ( 1992) An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications . Journal of Personality 60(2): 175-215.

37.

Meyer RD , Dalal RS , and Bonaccio S. ( 2009) A meta-analytic investigation into the moderating effects of situational strength on the conscientiousness - performance relationship . Journal of Organizational Behavior 30(8): 1077-1102.

38.

Mischel W. ( 1977) The interaction of person and situation. In: Magnusson D , Endler NS (eds) Personality at the Crossroads: Current Issues in Interactional Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 333-352.

39.

Morgeson FP , Humphrey SE ( 2006) The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology 91(6): 1321-1339.

40.

Mount MK , Barrick RM ( 1995) The Big Five personality dimensions: Implications for research and practice in human resource management. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management 13: 153-200.

41.

Murray H. ( 1938) Explorations in Personality. New York : Oxford University Press.

42.

O’Reilly CA , Chatman J. , and Caldwell DF ( 1991) People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal 34(3): 487-516.

43.

Oldham GR , Cummings A. ( 1996) Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal 39(3): 607-634.

44.

Organ DW , Konovsky M. ( 1989) Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology 74(1): 157-164.

45.

Organ DW , Ryan K. ( 1995) A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology 48(4): 775-802.

46.

Penley JA , Tomaka J. ( 2002) Associations among the Big Five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress. Personality and Individual Differences 32(7): 1215-1228.

47.

Pervin LA ( 1968) Performance and satisfaction as a function of individual-environment fit. Psychological Bulletin 69(1): 56-68.

48.

Pervin LA ( 1989) Persons, situations, interactions: The history of a controversy and a discussion of theoretical models. Academy of Management Review 14(3): 350-360.

49.

Raja U. , Johns G. , and Ntalianis F. ( 2004) The impact of personality on psychological contracts. Academy of Management Journal 47(3): 350-367.

50.

Robinson SL , Kraatz M. , and Rousseau D. ( 1994) Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A longitudinal study. Academy of Management Journal 37(1): 137-152.

51.

Salgado JF ( 1997) The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European Community. Journal of Applied Psychology 82(1): 30-43.

52.

Schmitt DP , Realo A. , Voracek M. , and Allik J. ( 2008) Why can’t a man be more like woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94(1): 168-182.

53.

Smith CA , Organ DW , and Near JP ( 1983) Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents . Journal of Applied Psychology 68(4): 653-663.

54.

Stewart GL ( 1996) Reward structure as a moderator of the relationship between extraversion and sales performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 81(6): 619-627.

55.

Stone EF ( 1988) Moderator variables in research: A review and analysis of conceptual and methodological issues. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management 6: 191-229.

56.

Tett RP , Burnett DD ( 2003) A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 88(3): 500-517.

57.

Tett RP , Guterman HA ( 2000) Situation trait relevance, trait expression, and cross-situational consistency: Testing a principle of trait activation. Journal of Research in Personality 34(4): 397-423.

58.

Tett PR , Jackson DN , and Rothstein M. ( 1991) Personality measures as predictors of job performance: A meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology 44(4): 703-742.

59.

Tett RP , Jackson DN , Rothstein M. , and Reddon JR ( 1999) Meta-analysis of bi-directional relations in personality-job performance research. Human Performance 12(1): 1-29.

60.

Vaidya JG , Gray EK , Haig J. , and Watson D. ( 2002) On the temporal stability of personality evidence for differential stability and the role of life experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83(6): 1469-1484.

61.

Watson D. , Clark LA ( 1997) Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In: Hogan R , Johnson J , and Briggs S (eds) Handbook of Personality Psychology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 767-793.

62.

Watson D. , Tellegen A. ( 1985) Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin 98(2): 219-235.

63.

Williams LJ , Anderson SE ( 1991) Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behavior. Journal of Management 17(3): 601-617.

64.

Xie JL , Johns G. ( 1995) Job scope and stress: Can job scope be too high? Academy of Management Journal 38(5): 1288-1309.