Videofeedback is compared with daily experience in order to clarify the insight that this medium can give. The theoreticalframework which resulted is specifically related to the video experience rather than assimilating it into concepts designed to cope with other problems. Essentially, a viewer is seen as being similar to an actor in terms of access to memories and similar to an observer in terms of direct access to behavioral evidence, but should not be equated with either. Implications for therapy and training are discussed.
References
1.
ALGER, I., & HOGAN, P.Use of videotape recording in conjoint marital therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1977, 123, 1425-1430.
2.
BAILEY, K., & SOWDER, W.Self confrontation in psychotherapy. Psychology Bulletin, 1970, 74, 153-181.
3.
BIGGS, S. J. Videotape feedback and self awareness. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Senate Library, University of London, 1979. Available on microfilm from the British Library ref. D 29862/80.
4.
BIGGS, S. J., ROSEN, B., & SUMMERFIELD, A. B.Videofeedback and attributions of Anorexic, normal and depressed patients. British Journal of Medical Psychology, in press.
5.
DUVAL, S.Conformity as a function of personal novelty and being reminded of the object status of the self. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1976, 12, 87-98.
6.
EWAN, P.Behavioral and cultural contributions to body and facial movement. In J. Blacking (Ed), A.S.A. Monograph 15. Anthropology of the body. London, Academic Press, 1977.
7.
EKMAN, P., & FRIESEN, W.Nonverbal leakage and cues to deception. Psychiatry, 1969, 32, 88-105.
8.
FULLER, F., & MANNING, B.Self confrontation reviewed: a conceptualisation for video-playback in teacher education. Review of Educational Research, 1973, 43, 468-528.
9.
GRIFFITHS, R. (1974). Videotape feedback as a theraputic technique; retrospect and prospect. Behavior Research and Therapy, 1974, 12, 1-8.
10.
GOFFMAN, E.Alienation from interaction. Human Relations, 1975, 10, 47-60.
11.
HARGIE, O., TITTMAR, H., & DICKSON, D.Social Skills training applying the concept to a careers guidance course. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 1977, 30, 214-216.
12.
HOLLANDER, C., & MOORE, C.Rationale and guidelines for the combined use of psychodrama and video self-confrontation. Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama, 1972, 25, 75-83.
13.
HOLZMAN, P.On hearing and seeing oneself. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1972, 148, 198-209.
14.
KAGAN, N., Schauble, P., Resnikoff, A., Danish, S., & Krathwohl, D.Interpersonal process recall. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1969, 148, 365-374.
15.
KATZ, D., & RESNIKOFF, A.Televised self-confrontation & recalled affect. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1977, 24, 150-152.
16.
JONES, E., & NISBETT, R.The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In Jones, E., et al. (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior. Morristown, New Jersey: General Learning Press, 1972.
17.
McCLEOD, G.Self-confrontation revisited. British Journal of Teacher Education, 1976, 2, 219-227.
18.
NADELSON, C., BASSUK, E., HOPPS, C., & BOUTELLE, W.Use of videotape in couples therapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 1977, 27, 241-253.
19.
NIELSEN, G.Studies in self-confrontation. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1962.
20.
ORVIS, B. R., KELLEY, H. H., & BUTLER, D.Attributional conflict in young couples. In J. H. Harvey et al. (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 1). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1976.
21.
RACKHAM, N. & MORGAN, T.Behaviour analysis in training. LQndon: McGraw-Hill, 1977.
22.
REIVICH, R., & GEERTSMA, A.Observational media and psychotherapy trainingJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1969, 148, 310-327.
23.
ROSS, L.The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in social psychology (Vol. 19). New York: Academic Press, 1977. Pp. 173-200.
24.
SCHUTZ, A.The phenomenology of the social world (G. Walsh & F. Lehnert, Trans.) London; Hienemann, 1967.
25.
STORMS, M.Videotape and the attribution process: Reversing actors and observers points of view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, 27, 468-473.
26.
SUMMERFIELD, A.See yourself as others see you. Psychology Today, 1977, 3, 41-43.
WILLENER, A., MILLIARD, G., & GANTY, R.Videology and utopia. London: Routledge, 1976.
29.
WOBER, M.Close encounters of the broadcast kind. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 1978, 31, 381-386.
30.
WRIGHT, J. & FICHTEN, C.Denial of responsibility, videotape feedback and attribution theory: Relevance to behavioral marital therapy. Canadian Psychological Review, 1976, 17, 219-230.