Previous models of communications are discussed, and a new model of communications is
presented. The new model views the communications process as composed of separate steps or
functions performed by the participants in the process. The dynamic nature of the
communication process and the need to view the process as transcending space and time are
discussed. The implications of this model are addressed and the model evaluated using criteria
established by prior writers.
References
1.
Alder. Ron and Neil Towne, Looking Out/Looking In. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978.
2.
Bartlett, F.C., The Problem of Noise, New York: Macmillan, 1934.
3.
Baskin, Otis and Sam J. Bruno, "A Transactional Systems Model of Communications: Implications for Transactional Analysis," The Journal of Business Communication , 15, No. 2, 1977, pp. 65-74.
4.
Behnke, Ralph R., "Psychophysiological Technologies," Methods of Research in Communications, William D. Brooks and Philip Emmert, eds. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1970, pp. 429-52.
5.
Berlo, David K., The Process of Communication, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960. Cited by Jerry C. Wofford, Edwin A. Cerloff, and Robert C. Cummins, Organizational Communications, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.
6.
Birdwhistell, Hay L.Kinesics and Content, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, 1970. Cited by S. C. Heilman, "Theoretical Outlooks of Goffman and Birdwhistell," Communication, 4, No. 2, 1979, pp. 221-34.
7.
Bunge. Mario, Method, Model and Matter, Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, 1973.
8.
Buzzell, Robert D.Mathematical Models and Marketing Management, Boston: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1964. Cited by C. William Emory, Business Research Methods, Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, 1980.
9.
Casstcvens, Reber E., "An Approach to Communication Model Building," The Journal of Business Communication, 16, No. 3, 1977, pp. 31-40.
10.
Clark, Joe Thomas, The Effects of Auditory Distraction on the Learning, Retention, and Performance of Verbal Tasks, unpublished dissertation. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas, 1960 .
11.
Danziger, Kurt, Interpersonal Communication, New York: Pergammon,1976.
12.
Davenport, Wilbur B., Jr. and William L. Root, An Introduction to the Theory of Random Signals and Noise, New York: McGraw-Hill , 1958.
13.
Deutsch, Karl W., "On Communication Models in the Social Sciences," The Public Opinion Quarterly, 16, 1952.
14.
Freeman, J.J., Principles of Noise, New York: John Wiley & Sons,1958.
15.
Gieselman, Robert D., "Research in Business Communication: The State of the Art," The Journal of Business Communication, 17, No. 4,1980, pp. 3-18.
16.
Hall, Edward T., The Hidden Dimension, Garden City, NJ: Anchor Books, 1969.
17.
Harris. Cyril M., Handbook of Noise Control, cd. Cyril Harris , New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.
18.
Herbert, Theodore T, "Toward an Administrative Model of the Communication Process," The Journal of Business Communication, 14, No. 4, 1977, pp. 25-36.
19.
Kuhn, Thomas S., The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970.
20.
Lave, Charles A. and James G. March, An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences, New York : Harper & Row, 1975. Cited by C. William Emory, Business Research Methods, Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, 1980.
21.
Level, Dale A., Jr. and William P Galle, Jr., Business Communications, Dallas, TX: Business Publications, 1980.
22.
MeBride, Sean, Many Voices, One World. Report by the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems, UNESCO, New York: Unipub, 1980.
23.
Meltzer, M., J.W. Petras, and L.T. Reynolds, Symbolic Interactionism: Genesis, Varieties, and Criticism, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975. Cited by Sheldon Stryker, "Symbolie Interactionism: Themes and Variations," Social Psychology , eds. Morris Rosenberg and Ralph II. Turner, New York: Basic Books, 1981, pp. 3-29.
24.
Michman, Ronald D. and Lynn Harris, "The Development of Marketing Channel Communication Models." The Journal of Business Communication, 15, No.1, 1977, pp. 29-40.
25.
Monge, Peter, "The Systems Perspective as a Theoretical Basis for the Study of Human Communications," Communication Quarterly, Winter, 1977, pp. 19-29.
26.
Morgan, Gareth, "Paradigms, Metaphors, and Puzzle Solving in Organizational Theory ," Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, No. 4,1980, pp. 605-22.
27.
Pauly, John, "The Case for a New Model of Business Communication," The Journal of Business Communication, 14, No. 4,1977, pp. 11-24.
28.
Rigby, Paul H., Conceptual Foundations of Business Research, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1965. Cited by C. William Emory, Business Research Methods, Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin,1980 .
29.
Shannon, C. and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press,1949. Cited in Many Voices, One World. Report by the International Commission of the Study of Communication Problems, UNESCO, New York: Unipub,1980.
30.
Smith, Ronald L.General Models of Communications, Special Report No. 5, Lafayette, IN: Department of Speech, Purdue University , 1962.
31.
Stryker, Sheldon, "Symbolic Interactionism: Themes and Variations," Social Psychology, eds. Morris Rosenberg and Ralph I I. Turner, New York : Basic Books, 1981, pp. 3-29.
32.
van der Ziel, Aldert, Noise, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall , 1954.
33.
Watzlawick, Paul, Janet Helmick Beavin, and Don D. Jackson, Pragmatics of Human Communications, New York: W. W. Norton & Company,1967.
34.
White, Donald D. and H. William Vroman , Action in Organizations, 2nd ed., Boston: Allyn and Bacon , 1982.
