The technique of Laser Raman Spectroscopy has been applied in the study of aramid fibres, such as Kevlar 49, and aramid/epoxy interfaces. A linear relationship has been found between Raman frequencies and strain upon loading a single Kevlar 49 filament in air. Model composites of single Kevlar 49 fibres embedded in epoxy resins have been fabricated and subjected to various degrees of mechanical deformation. The transfer lengths for reinforcement have been measured at various levels of applied tensile load and the dependence of transfer length upon applied matrix strain has been established. Finally, by balancing the tensile and the shear forces acting along the interface, the interfacial shear stress (ISS) distribution along the embedded fibre was obtained.
1. Whitney J. M., I. M. Daniel and B. R. Pipes. 1984. Experimental Mechanics of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials.New Jersey: The Society for Experimental Mechanics.
2.
2. Jones, R. M.1975. Mechanics of Composite Materials.New York, NY: Hemisphere Publishing Co.
3.
3. Broutman, L. J.1966. Polym. Eng. Sci., 6: 263.
4.
4. Broutman, L. J.1969. Interfaces in Composites, ASTM STP, Philadelphia: A.S.T.M., 452:27.
5.
5. Eagles, D. B., B. F. Blumentritt and S. L. Cooper. 1976. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 20: 435.
6.
6. Subraminian, R. V., J. J. Jakubowski and F. D. Williams. 1978. J. Adhesion, 9: 185.
7.
7. Favre, J. P., and M. C. Merinne. 1981. Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives, 1: 311.
8.
8. Penn, L. S., F. A. Bystry and H. J. Marchionni. 1983. Polymer Comp., 4: 26.
9.
9. Ladizesky, N. H., and I. M. Ward. 1983. J. Mater. Sci., 18: 533.
10.
10. Penn, L. S., F. A. Bystry, W. Karp and S. Lee. 1985. Molecular Characterisation of Comp. Interfaces, H. Ishida and G. Kumar, eds., p. 93.
11.
11. Emadipour, H., P. Chiang and J. L. Koenig. 1982. Res. Mechanica, 5: 165.
12.
12. Chua, P. S., and M. R. Piggott. 1985. Comp. Sci. Tech., 22: 33.
13.
13. Miller, B., P. Muri and L. Rebenfeld. 1987. Comp. Sci. Tech., 28: 17.
14.
14. Gaur, U. and B. Miller. 1989. Comp. Sci. and Tech., 34: 35.
15.
15. Kelly, A. and W. R. D. Tyson. 1965. Mechanical Phys. Solids, 13: 329.
16.
16. Frazer, W. A., F. H. Ancker and A. T. DiBenedetto. 1975. Proc. 30th Conf. on Reinf. Plastics, New York, NY: SPI, 22A:1.
17.
17. Frazer, W. A., F. H. Ancker, A. T. DiBenedetto and B. Elbirli. 1983. Pol. Comp., 4: 238.
18.
18. Drzal, L. T., M. J. Rich and P. F. Lloyd. 1982. J. Adhesion, 16: 1.
19.
19. Drzal, L. T., M. J. Rich, M. F. Koenig and P. F. Lloyd. 1983. J. Adhesion, 16: 133.
20.
20. Drzal, L. T.1983. 15th National SAMPE Technical Conference, p. 190.
21.
21. Jaques, D. and J. P. Favre. 1987. ICCM7 Conference.F. L. Matthews, et al., eds., London: Elsevier, 5:470.
22.
22. Bascom, W. D., and R. M. Jensen. 1986. J. Adhesion, 19: 219.
23.
23. Mandell, J. F., and J. H. Chen and F. J. McGarry. 1980. Intern. J. of Adhesion Adhesives, 1: 40.
24.
24. Mandell, J. F., D. H. Grande, T. H. Tsiang and F. J. McGarry. 1986. ASTM STP, J. M. Whitney, ed., Philadelphia: ASTM, 893:87.
25.
25. Caldwell, D. L., D. A. Babbington and C. F. Johnson. 1989. Int. Phenomena in Comp. Mat. 89, F. R. Jones, ed., Butterworths: Sheffield (UK), p. 44.
26.
26. Galiotis, C. and D. N. Batchelder. 1988. J. Mat. Sci. Letters, 7: 545.
27.
27. Galiotis, C. I.M. Robinson, R. J. Young, B. J. E. Smith and D. N. Batchelder. 1985. Polymer-Comm., 26: 354.
28.
28. Wool, R. P., and S. R. Bretzlaff. 1986. J. Pol. Sci.-Pol. Phys., 24: 1039.
29.
29. Cottle, A. C., W. F. Lewis and D. N. Batchelder. 1978. J. Phys. C. Solid State Phys., 11: 605.
30.
30. Melanitis, N. and C. Galiotis. 1990. J. Mat. Sci., 25: 5081.
31.
31. Galiotis, C., R. J. Young, P. H. J. Yeung and D. N. Batchelder. 1984. J. Mat. Sci., 19: 3640.
32.
32. Penn, L. and F. Milanovich. 1979. Polymer, 20: 31.
33.
33. Galiotis, C., R. J. Young, P. H. Yeung and D. N. Batchelder. 1984. J. Mat. Sci., 19: 3640.
34.
34. Jahankhani, H. and C. Galiotis. 1988. Interfaces in Polymer, Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites.H. Ishida, ed., New York, NY: Elsevier Science, p. 107.
35.
35. Malanitis, N., P. Tetlow, C. Galiotis and C. K. L. Davies. 1989. Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials 89. F. R. Jones, ed., Sheffield: Butterworths, p. 97.
36.
36. Robinson, I. M., R. J. Young, C. Galiotis and D. N. Batchelder. 1987. J. Mat. Sci., 22: 3642.
37.
37. Galiotis, C., I. M. Robinson, R. J. Young and D. N. Batchelder. 1988. New Applications of Composite Materials.S. Paipetis, ed., Wallingford (UK): Omega Scientific, p. 409.
38.
38. Galiotis, C., N. Melanitis, D. N. Batchelder, I. M. Robinson and J. A. Peacock. 1988. Composites, 4: 321.
39.
39. Cox, H. L.1952. Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 3: 72.
40.
40. Kelly, A.1973. Strong Solids, Oxford University Press, 5:121.
41.
41. Van der Zwaag, S., M. G. Northolt, R. J. Young, I. M. Robinson, C. Galiotis and D. N. Batchelder. 1987. Polymer Comm., 28: 276.
42.
42. Dobb, M. G.1985. Hand-book of Composites, New York, NY: Elsevier, 1(8):673.
43.
43. Jahankhani, H., C. Vlattas and C. Galiotis. 1989. Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials 89. F. R. Jones, ed., Sheffield (UK): Butterworths, p. 125.
44.
44. Termonia, Y.1987. J. Mat. Sci., 22: 1733.
45.
45. Greszczuk, L. B.1969. Interfaces in Composites, ASTM STP 452, Philadelphia: ASTM, p. 42.
46.
46. Nairn, J. A.1988. J. Comp. Mat., 22: 561.
47.
47. Hull, D.1981. An Introduction to Composite Materials.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
48.
48. Jahankhani, H. and C. Galiotis. Unpublished data.
49.
49. Carrara, A. S., and F. J. McGarry. 1968. J. Comp. Mat., 2: 222.
50.
50. Jahankhani, H., C. Vlattas and C. Galiotis. To be published.
51.
51. Bader, M. G.1988. Sci. Eng. Comp. Mat., 1: 1.
52.
52. Kevlar Data Manual. 1987. E. I. du Pont de Nemours Intern., SA.
