Empirical Validation of the Applicability of an Integrative Theory of Deviant Behavior to the Study of Drug Use

The outline of an integrative theory of deviant behavior is described and evaluated with reference to (1) the compatibility of the theory with findings from a systematic program of a research using longitudinal data designed to test the theory, and (2) the congruence of empirical findings from studies guided by other theoretical frameworks or using no theoretical frameworks with the integrative theory. The systematic estimation of theoretically informed models using panel data suggests that the basic theoretical framework is sound. At the same time certain findings, while compatible with the theory, suggest the need to elaborate the model further through the specification of other mediating and moderating variables. Findings from the general literature on deviance and drug use are congruent with the general theory, and indicate that the integrative model is a useful framework for organizing the empirical literature as well as for providing a valid foundation for constructing an explanation of drug use and other deviant adaptations.