10 young (< 40 yr.) and 10 elderly (> 60 yr.) adults recalled previously memorized paired associates over a long series of trials. Practice was either massed or distributed. Reaction time decreased for both groups at the same rate. Spacing of trials did not affect the younger subjects’ pattern of learning. The elderly subjects’ learning curves showed the classical effects of warm-up, reminiscence, and work decrement. Distribution of practice was seen to affect momentary level of performance rather than actual degree of learning.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AdamsJ. A.A source of decrement in psychomotor performance.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1955, 49, 390–394
2.
AmmonsR. B., and AmmonsC. H.Decremental and related processes in skilled performance. In SmithL. E. (Ed.), Psychology of Motor Learning. Proceedings of C.I.C. Symposium on Psychology of Motor Learning.Chicago: Athletic Institute, 1970. Pp. 205–238
3.
ArenbergD., & Robertson-TchaboE. A.Learning and aging. In BirrenJ. E., SchaieK. W. (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging.New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1977. Pp. 421–449
4.
BaddeleyA. D.The psychology of memory.New York: Harper & Row, 1976
5.
CanestrariR. E.Age changes in acquisition. In TallandG. A. (Ed.), Human aging and behavior.New York: Academic Press, 1968. Pp. 169–188
6.
DuncanC. P.On the similarity between reactive inhibition and neural satiation.American Journal of Psychology, 1956, 69, 227–235
7.
HullC. L.Principles of behavior.New York: Appleton, 1943
8.
IrionA. L.A brief history of research in the acquisition of skill. In BilodeauE. A. (Ed.), Acquisition of skill.New York: Academic Press, 1966. Pp. 1–46
9.
WaughN. C.The effects of recency and repetition on recall latencies. In KosterW. G. (Ed.), Attention and performance II.Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1969. Pp. 115–125
10.
WaughN. C., and HolsteinE. C.Recall latencies of highly overlearned items.Psychonomic Science, 1968, 11, 143
11.
WaughN. C., ThomasJ. C., and FozardJ. L.Retrieval time from different memory stores.Journal of Gerontology, 1978, 33, 718–724