Cotton and rayon fabrics were condensed with N-methylol acrylamide to give products with various degrees of un saturation. Radiation-induced free-radical addition to the double bonds in these fabrics was accomplished with carbon tetrachloride, bromoform, chloroform, bromotetrachloromethane, polyethylene oxide, chloral and bromal hydrate, and sodium hypophosphite. Stannous and stannic chloride were also reacted by what seems to be a different mechanism. Bromination of these fabrics is also described. Significant flame retardancy was obtained without alteration of hand, because the reactions are limited to the inside of the cellulose fiber.
Broughton, R.M. , Rollins, M.L., and Walsh, W.K.Location and Distribution of N-Methylol Acrylamide in the Radiation-Induced Delayed Cure Process, Textile Res. J.40, 672-674 (1970).
2.
Broughton, R.M., Jr., The Chemistry and Morphology of the N-Methylol Acrylamide Crosslink in Cotton Fabric, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Wood and Paper Science, N. C. State University, Raleigh, N. C.
3.
E. I. duPont deNemours and Co., Alkylamidomethyl Cellulose Monoethers and Process of Making Same, U. S. 2,837,511 (by Mantell, G.J.), June 3, 1958.
4.
E. I. duPont deNemours and Co., Activated Cellulose Ethers and Process of Preparing Same, U. S. 2,837,512 (by Mantell, G.J.), June 3, 1958.
5.
Frick, J.G., Jr., Weaver, J.W., and Reid, J.D., Flame Resistant Cotton Fabric: An Emulsion Treatment Using an Organic Phosphorus Bromine Polymer, Textile Res. J.25, 100-105 (955).
6.
Furukawa, J. and Saegusa, T., "Polymerization of Aldehydes and Oxides," New York , Interscience, 1963, p. 107.
7.
Gardon, J.L. , A Quantitative Study of Cross-Linking Cotton with N-Methylol Acrylamide, J. Appl. Polymer Sci.5, 734-751 (1961).
8.
Gardon, J.L. , FreeRadical Catalyzed Reaction of the Acrylamidomethyl Ether of Cotton, J. Polymer Sci. A 2, 2657-2672 (1964).
9.
Harper, R.J. , Jr., Bruno, J.S., and Reeves, W.A., Application of Mechanisms for Wet and Dry Wrinkle Recovery to Fabric Exhibiting the Unusual Combination of High Dry and Low Wet Recovery, Textile Res. J.38, 292-304 (1968).
10.
Lyons, John W. , "The Chemistry and Uses of Fire Retardants ," New York, Wiley, 1970, p. 17.
11.
Namboodri, C.G.G., N-Methylol Allyl Carbamate in a Radiation Post Cure, Textile Chem. Colorist1, 587-591 (1969).
12.
Neuman, W.P., "The Organic Chemistry of Tin," New York, Interscience, 1970, p. 86.
Pierce, A.G. , Jr., Frick, J.G., Jr., and Reid , J.D., Salt Additives for Improving Moisture Absoptivity of Wash-Wear Cotton, Ind. Eng. Chem., Product Res. Dev.5, 23-27 (1966).
16.
Reinhardt, R.M., Cashen, N.A., and Reid, J.D., A Mild Cure Process for Wrinkle-Resistant Cotton Fabrics, Textile Chem. and Colorist1, 415-422 (1969).
17.
Soshovsky, G. , "Free Radical Reactions in Preparative Organic Chemistry," New York, MacMillan , p. 162.
18.
Walling, Cheves , "Free Radicals in Solution," New York. Wiley, 1957, Chaps. 6 and 7.
19.
Walsh, William K., Jin, C.R., and Armstrong , A.A., Jr., The Cross-Linking of Cotton with Vinyl Monomers Using Radiation and Chemical Catalysis, Textile Res. J.35, 648-54 (1965).
20.
Walsh, William K. and Rutherford, Henry A., Delayed Cure with Ionizing Radiation , Textile Res. J.37, 89-93 (1967).
