Walter Laqueur (ed.), The Israel-Arab Reader (New York, 1969), Doc. 9. The King-Crane Commission has been criticised as being ill-informed and hasty in its judgments. It can be granted that its main goal was to set the stage for the assumption of an American mandate in Syria. Nevertheless its conclusions about the extent of anti-French feeling would appear to be quite sound. Needless to say, the Commission's influence on policy was virtually negligible.
2.
Jukka Nevakivi, Britain, France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 (London, 1969).
3.
The article was translated and submitted to the Quai d'Orsay by the consul general in Beirut (France. Ministère des Affaires étrangères; Turquie, Politique intérieure. Dossier général, Syrie-Liban, N.S. 109, p. 24). (Hereafter. these unpublished French diplomatic documents, available in the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris, will be abbreviated M.A.E.)
4.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 109, pp. 38-41.
5.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 320, p. 58.
6.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 320, p. 66.
7.
F.O. 195/2140, 5 February 1903. (Documents labelled F.O. are Foreign Office records available at the Public Record Office in London.)
8.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 109, pp. 51-57, 58.
9.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 109, pp. 183-5.
10.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 176, pp. 218-19.
11.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 109, pp. 231-3
12.
M.A.E., Saint-Siège, N.S. 34, pp. 49-50.
13.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 112. pp. 48-52.
14.
F.O. 195/2311, 12 April1909. M.A.E., Turquie, N.S.112, p. 67.
15.
F.O. 195/2311, 12 April 1909.
16.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 112, pp. 81-82.
17.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 112, pp. 102p-102q.
18.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 112, p. 102s.
19.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 112. pp. 201-4.
20.
F.O. 195/2312, 16 August 1909. F.O. 195/2342. 3 Februarv 1910
21.
F.O. 195/2312. 5 November 1909.
22.
Great Britain, Reports from Commissioners, xvi, cmd. 5974, p. 51.
23.
Raymond Poincaré , Au service de la France, vii (Paris. 1931), 362-3.
24.
"Lord Kitchener in Egypt" in Fortnightly Review , xci (1 March 1912), 515-16.
25.
F.O. 800/54, January 1913 (no precise date).
26.
F.O. 371/1521. no. 49191.
27.
F.O. 424/233, no. 127.
28.
Cited in Eugène Jung, La révolte arabe, i (Paris, 1924), 47-48. This warning prefaced an appeal for French money and arms to aid Négib Azoury in his drive to create the great Arab Empire of his dreams. Needless to say his appeal was refused
29.
F.O. 371/1522, no. 51018.
30.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 117, pp. 154-61.
31.
Jung, La révolte arabe, i, 52-55. Nagib Sadaka, La question syrienne pendant la guerre de 1914 (Paris, 1940), 18.
32.
Great Britain, Foreign Office. British Documents on the Origins of the War, 1898-1914 (ed. by G. P. Gooch and Harold Temperly), ix2 (London, 1934), no. 336. Hereafter abbreviated B.D.
33.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 117, pp. 154-61.
34.
Annales du Sénat, Débats parlementaires, lxxxii, 340.
35.
Poincaré. Au service, ii, 400.
36.
The Règlement organique was the administrative charter which governed the Lebanon. In December 1912. largely through French initiative. modifications in the direction of further Lebanese autonomy were put, into effect. This success raised French prestige, especiallv among Syrian and Lebanese Christians, and encouraged expectations that France would champion similar programmes of reform and decentralization for the rest of Syria.
37.
F.O. 195/2451, no. 153. (Sir Francis Bertie to Sir Edward Grey, 24 December 1912. Consul General Cumberbatch to Gerard Lowther. 25 January 1913.)
38.
Le Gaulois, 24 December 1912. Correspondance d'Orient, vol. for January to June 1913 (1 January 1913). 1-3. Bulletin du Comité de l'Asie française, xii (December 1912). 515-18. Le Temps, 24 December 1912.
39.
F.O. 800/174. ME/12/15.
40.
M.A.E., Turquie, N.S. 119, pp. 42-45. F.O. 371/1775. no. 253.
41.
B.D., ix2, no. 426. B.D., x1, no. 476.
42.
A.L. Tibawi , "Syria in the McMahon Correspondence: Fresh Evidence from the British Foreign Office Records" in Middle East Forum, xlii. no. 4, p. 9.
43.
House of Commons Debates, 1914, lix, col. 2188 (18 March 1914).
44.
For public and official consumption, the Quai d'Orsay maintained the diplomatically respectable doctrine of Ottoman integrity. But at the same time the record clearly shows that French diplomats and consular officials in Syria established and maintained extensive and cordial contact with various Christian and Muslim separatist societies. with the definite aim of establishing French political influence among these groups should they prove significant at a later date. The storv is told in: Turquie, IVème Armée. La vérité sur la question svrienne (Istanbul, 1916). This book is a collection of documents captured by the Turkish IVth Army from the Beirut consulate during World War I. The documents cited are genuine: the originals can he found in the archives of the Quai d'Orsay.
45.
Sadaka, La question syrienne, 19.
46.
B.D., x2, pp. 824-5 (ed. note).
47.
F.O. 371/1522. no. 52330.
48.
F.O. 371/1522, no. 52330.
49.
F.O. 424/233, no. 135.
50.
Prince Karl Max Lichnowsky, Heading for the Abyss ( London, 1928), 318-19.
51.
Jung, La révolte arabe, i. 60-61.
52.
F.O. 424/237. no. 10.
53.
F.O. 195/2452, no. 621
54.
F.O. 424/238, no. 40.
55.
F.O. 424/238, no. 151.
56.
F.O. 195/2453, no. 1966.
57.
Le Temps, 13 February 1913.
58.
Count R.J.M. Cressaty, "Les inlérêts de la France en Syrie" (Paris. 1913). 16-17.
59.
Le Temps, 14 May 1913.
60.
Herbert Vivian , "Turkey's Asiatic Problems" in The Fortmghtly Review, xciii (April 1913), 675.
