The limited number of legalized gambling and gaming destinations has resulted in significant tourism flows. In some destinations gambling has been permitted based on the economic benefits associated with increased amounts of tourism. The emerging use of the Internet, and the increasing access to new Internet gambling opportunities may pose a threat to gambling-related tourism. This article examines the issues surrounding the development of Internet casinos and assesses the likely impacts on the tourism industry.
References
1.
BettsM.AnthesG. (1995). “On-line Boundaries Unclear: Internet Tramples Legal Jurisdictions.”Computerworld, June 29, no. 23: COV (2).
2.
BraunlichC. G. (1996). “Lessons from the Atlantic City Casino Experience.”Journal of Travel Research, 34 (Winter): 47–56.
3.
Casino Control Authority (1993). Casino Control Authority Annual Report 1992–93.Melbourne: Casino Control Authority.
4.
CopilevitzT. (1995). “On-line Gambling Antes Up on the Internet.”Dallas Morning News, November 19.
5.
ColmanP. (1995). “Firms Bet on On-Line Gambling.”Rocky Mountain News, August 18, p. 58A.
6.
CusterR. L.MiltH. (1985). When Luck Runs Out.New York: Facts on File Publications.
7.
DimancheF.SpeyrerJ. (1996). “Report on a Comprehensive Five-Year Gambling Impact Research Plan in New Orleans.”Journal of Travel Research, 24 (Winter): 97–100.
8.
DoyleO. (1995). “New World of ‘Virtual’ Casinos Faces Real Opposition.”Star-Tribune Newspaper of the Twin Cities, November 27.
9.
EadingtonW. R. (1995). “The Emergence of Casino Gaming as a Major Factor in Tourism Markets — Policy Issues and Considerations.” In Change in Tourism — People, Places, Processes, edited by ButlerR.PearceD.. New York: Routledge, pp. 159–86.
10.
EadingtonW. R. (1996). “The Legalization of Casinos: Policy Objectives, Regulatory Alternatives, and Cost/Benefit Considerations.”Journal of Travel Research, 34 (Winter): 3–8.
11.
FordD. (1995). “Virtual Gaming — The Next Challenge?”. The Gaming Lawyer, Summer: 8–12.
12.
FordJ. (1995). “Casino Gaming Comes to the Internet.”Sunday Today, July 30.
13.
FurcheA.WrightsonG. (1995). “The Life if Digidollar.”Internet.au, November, 1: 54–59.
14.
HobsonJ. S. P. (1995). “Macau: Gambling on Its Future?”. Tourism Management, (May): 237–43.
15.
HobsonJ. S. P.WilliamsP. (1995). “Virtual Reality: A New Horizon for the Tourism Industry.”Journal of Vocation Marketing, 1 (2): 125–35.
16.
HugickL. (1989). “Gambling on the Rise; Lotteries Lead the Way.”Gallup Report, 285: 32–39.
17.
KellyJ. (1996). Australia and New Zealand Gambling Report. Supplement to International Gaming and Wagering Business. March.
18.
LeiperN. (1989). “Tourism and Gambling.”GeoJournal, 19 (3): 269–75.
19.
LesieurH. R.KleinR. M.RimmM. (1984). “Pathological and Problem Gambling among New Jersey High School Students.” Paper presented at the Gambling Studies: The Sixth National Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking, Atlantic City, NJ.
20.
LongP. (1996). “From the Guest Editor.”Journal of Travel Research, 34 (Winter): 2.
21.
Longwoods Travel USA (1994). Atlantic City Research Program. New York: Longwoods Travel USA.
22.
LugarR. (1995). “Lugar Highlights Internet Gambling Risks in Letter to Senators.”U.S. Government Press Release, Washington D.C. November 20.
23.
McGuirkR. (1995). “Virtual Wallet of Digital Dollars.”The Australian, November 7.
24.
McIntoshR.GoeldnerC.RitchieJ. (1995). Tourism: Principle, Practices, Philosophies.7th ed.New York: John Wiley and Sons.
25.
MoadJ. (1995). “A Game of Risk.”PC Week, 12 (41): E9 (1).
26.
PizzoS. (1995). “Gambling Hits Internet: Place Bets in Cyberspace from Home.”Santa Rosa (CA) The Press Democrat, September 11.
27.
PfaffenbergerB. (1993). Que's Computer User Dictionary.Que's, University of Virginia.
28.
QuittnerJ. (1995). “Betting on Virtual Vegas.”Time, June 12: 63.
29.
RosecranceJ. (1988). “Gambling Without Guilt — The Legitimization of an American Pastime.”Brooks/Cole.
30.
RoehlW. (1994a). “Casinos as Tourist Attractions: Issues for the 1990s.”IAHA (August/September): 6, 7, 37.
31.
RoehlW. (1994b). “Gambling as a Tourist Attraction: Trends and Issues for the 21st Century.” In Tourism: The State of the Art, edited by SeatonT.. London: John Wiley and Sons.
SmithG. J.HinchT. D. (1996). “Canadian Casinos as Tourist Attractions: Chasing the Pot of Gold.”Journal of Travel Research, 34 (Winter): 37–45.
34.
ToneguzzoS. J. (1995). “The Internet: Entrepreneur's Dream or Regulator's Nightmare?” In High Stakes in the Nineties. NAGS 95, Sixth National Conference of the National Association for Gambling Studies, Fremantle, Western Australia, pp. 53–66.
35.
WinnB. M.WhickerM. L. (1989). “Indicators of State Lottery Adoptions.”Policy Studies Journal, 18 (2): 293–304.
36.
ZgodzinskiD. (1995). “Bet the Ranch.”Internet World, 6 (7): 76 (4).