William Harvey Revisited

On Santorio, see Grmek D. M. , “L'énigme des relations entre Galilée et Santorio”, Atta del symposium su Galilee nella storia della scienza (Florence, 1964), 155–162, and L'introduction de l'expérience quantitative dans les sciences biologiques (Palais de la découverte, Paris, 1962, D 83).

Whitteridge G. , “Growth of Harvey's ideas on the circulation of the blood”, British medical journal for 1966, ii, 7–12, p. 9.

Keele Kenneth D. , William Harvey (London, 1965), 21.

Bonitz H. , Index Aristotelicus (Berolini, 1870), 392.

Galen , De differentiis febrium, 1, cap. 2 (ed. Kühn, vii, 278).

Galen , De usu partium, VI, cap. 16 (ed. Kühn, iii, 491): tes kardias sphodroteron kinoumenes.

Harvey , De motu cordis, 1628 edn., p. 60.

Ibid., Prooem., p. 14.

Trans. of 1673, p. 6.

Riolanus J. , Anthropographia 1st ed. (Paris. 1618), in Viventis animalis observationes anatomicae appended to Humani foetus historia, 88; 2nd edn.(Paris, 1626), VII, cap. 1, 659.

Exerc. Ii, ed. Amstelod. (1662), 191; trans. Willis , 375.

Epist. tertia ad Morison , Opera omnia (London, 1766), 621.

Aristotle , De partibus animalium, iii, cap. 4; 666a.

Ibid., IV, 13; 697a27.

See Ogle W. , Aristotle on the parts of animals (London, 1882), 253, note 42 to IV, 13.

Cf. ibid., 158, to II, 2, with ref. to Plutarch , De primo frigido: Kinetikon de to thermon.

Metaphysica, IV, cap. 9; 1034a.

De gen. et corr., I, cap. 6; 322b21 and 9; 329a1. Also De gen. anim., II, 1; 734a3. See Philosophie der Griechen, ed. Zeller , 2nd ed. (Tübingen, 1862), ii, part 2, 268 seqq.

Humboldt , Kosmos, Entwurf einer physischen Weltbeschreibung, iii (Stuttgart u. Augsburg, 1850), 15; also note 22 (pp. 28–29) with full citation of the Aristotelian loci.

Physika, III, cap. 5; 205a. Ed. Prantl C. (Leipzig, 1854). Ibid., for the enantiosis between the elements. 126–127. Cf. Zeller , op. cit., ii, 2, p. 338.

Cap. 3; 456b-457a. Ed. Bekker (Oxford, 1837), 294–295.

Pagel , William Harvey's biological ideas, 177 and also 172–173.

De respiratione, 472b15.

Physika, III, cap. 10; 267a5, IV, cap. 8; 215a14. See Zeller , loc. cit., ii, 2, p. 269; Maier Anneliese , Die Impetus Theorie der Scholastik (Wien, 1940), 8–9, with ref. to Aristotle , Physika, IV, 8 and VII, 10, and De caelo, III, 2.

Maier , op. cit., 14.

Ibid., 40 seq.

Ibid., 157 seq.

De motu, cap. IV (1628 edn., p. 28) and espec. cap. XVI (p. 63).

Ed., trans. and introd. by Whitteridge G. (Cambridge, 1959), f. 100 verso, p. 110.

Ibid., f. 98 verso, p. 104.

Ibid., f. 100 recto, p. 108.

Lesky Erna , “Harvey und Aristoteles”, Sudhoffs Archiv für Geschichte der Meditin, xli (1957). 289–316 and 349–378, p. 370.

Schmid Magnus , “Der Weg zu Harvey”, Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-medizinischen Sozietät in Erlangen, lxxix (1958), 66–101, pp. 92–94.

von Brunn Walter L. , Kreislauffunktion in William Harveys Schriften (Berlin & New York, 1967); on this see Pagel in Medical history, xii (1968), 416–418.

1662 ed., 179–183; trans. Willis , 362–367.

De generatione animalium, II, cap. 1; 734a5.

Politika, I, cap. 4.

Ibid.

Harvey , De generatione, Exerc. 1 (ed. Amstelod., 1662, 179–186; trans. Willis , 362–369; trans. publ. London, 1653, 259–269).

Sennert D. Hypomnemata physica, IV, cap. 6, Opera omnia (Lugduni, 1656), 128: semen esse animatum animamque in semine formare corpus animatum, to cap. 8, p. 137: de plantarum generatione et propagatione. See also “De mistione” in Ibid., IV, cap. 5, Opera omnia (Paris, 1641), 167–168.

Exerc. LXXI (ed. 1662, 315; trans. Willis , 502 et seq.)

De anima, III, cap. 10; 433b21 seq.

De generatione animalium, II, cap. 6; 742a25 seq.

Ibid., cap. 1; 734b20.

Ibid., 734b5–15.

Ibid., I, cap. 22; 730b20.

Ibid., II, cap. 1; 735a1.

Ibid., II, cap. 4; 740b25. Trans. of these passages by Platt A. (Oxford, 1910).

In his Loeb edition of De generatione animalium (London, 1953). Appendix B, Symphyton pneuma I-III, pp. 580–583, with ref. to II, 742–743.

730b15 seq.

V, cap. 8; 789b8 seq.

Peck , op. cit., 583 (note 16).

II, cap. 19; 734b5; trans. by Platt.

Op. cit., 525 (under horme).

Aristotle , Physika, II, cap. 1; 192b18. Latin trans. in De physico auditu (Venet., 1560), 25.

De generatione animalium, III, cap. 1; 750b20.

Harvey , De generatione, Exerc. XXXIX, ed. 1662, 132; trans. Willis, 310: subsultim, vique spiritus spumosum et repetitis ictibus prodeat … fermentata spirituque in spumam elata prosiliat foras. Also De motu, cap. IV, (Roterod., 1648), 35; trans. Willis, 29: sperma animalium omnium et spiritus prolificus palpitando exit velut animal quoddam, with ref. to Aristotle , De motu animalium, cap. 9; 703b25: Semen behaves as if it were an animal in its own right.

Following Aristotle, De generatione animalium, II, cap. 1; 734b20.

De animalibus, lib. XV, tr. 2, cap. 9, in Stadler H. J. (ed.), Albertus Magnus De animalibus libri 36. Nach der Kölner Urschrift, ii (Munster 1920) (vol. xvi in Baeumker Cl. , Beitrage zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters), 1050; lib. XVI, tr. 1, cap. 2, 1064; ibid., cap. 8, 1084; lib. XX, tr. 1, cap. 5, 1284–1291; ibid., cap. 7, 1292 and cap. 8, 1295. In ed. Venetiis, 1495, fol. 163 verso et seq.

See below, discussion of Cremoninus, and with reference to Harvey , De generatione , Exerc. lxxi, 1662 ed., 317; trans. Willis , 504.

Fol. 63 verso (ed. Whitteridge G. , Edinburgh and London, 1964, p. 220) and fol. 94 recto (Whitteridge, p. 324).

Pagel W. , Medical history, x (1966), 409–411.

Harvey , De generatione , Exerc. lvii, 1662 ed., 245; trans. Willis, 428–433.

Aristotle , Historia animalium, lib. VII, cap. 3; 583b10.

De animalibus, lib. IX, cap. 3; ed. Venetiis, 1495, fol. 105 verso.

Harvey , De generatione , Exerc. lxxii, 1662 ed., 325; trans. Willis, 513 seq. Further detail in Pagel , Harvey's biological ideas, 260–261, with ref. to Aristotle , De anima, II, cap. 7; 418b25, and III, cap. 1; 425a1, and De sensu, II, 438a10.

Schegkii Jac , De plastica seminis facultate libri tres (Strassburg, 1580), lib. I, sig. A2 to A8 to B2. Idem., Tractationum physicarum et medicarum tomus unus Septem libros complectens (Francof. Wechel, 1585), purgantia medicamenta non similitudine purgandi humoris, neque tractu ejusdem, efficacia dici debere, p. 193 seq. and in cap II, p. 236 seq.; ibid., de caloris vi et efficacia in rebus naturalibus tum generandis tum corrumpendis, cap. II, p. 292 seq. To this Caspar Hofmann's criticism in: De calido innato et spiritibus Syntagma, cap. XXII, contra Jacobum Schegkium, pp. 64–70 in ed. of Hofmanni Caspari , De medicamentis officinalibus (Jenae, 1686).

Morejon A. F. Hernandez , Biblioteca de medicina, iv (Madrid, 1846), 172–174; Chinchilla A. , Historia de la medicina Espanola: Annales Historicas, ii (Valencia, 1845), 252–259 (references by kindness of Dr F. Guerra).

Ponce , In avicennae primam … philosophia Hippocratica (Madrid, 1622), 72–74.

In Pro sua de animatione foetus tertia die opinione apologia (Louvain, 1629), a work that followed a previous defence in De formatrice foetus, liber secundus, in quo prioris doctrina plenius examinatur et defenditur (Louvain, 1624).

With reference to Aristotle, De generatione animalium, II, cap. 1.

With reference to Aristotle, De anima, II, cap. 4.

Harvey , De generatione , Exerc. LXXI, 1662 ed., 317; trans. Willis , 504 (incorrect).

Cremoninus C. , De calido innato et semine pro Aristotele et adversus Galenum (Lugd. Batavorum, 1634): Dict. VI, 55–57; Dict. VII: Reprobatur opinio allata ex Alberto et ex propria sententia (as quoted by Harvey), 64 seq., espec. 68–70; Dict. IX, 87–95.

Maier A. , Die Impetustheorie der Scholastik (Vienna, 1940), 28.

Quoted from ibid., 23, with ref. to Bonaventura , In libris sententiarum, ii, dist. 31, art. 1, qu. 1.

Maier , op. cit., 27–28.

Ibid., 46, with ref. to Durandus de S. Porciano.

Cusanus , De ludo globi, in Opera omnia (Paris, 1514), fol. CLIV verso.

Ibid., fol. CLV recto.

Maier , op. cit., 156 seq.

Webster C. , “Harvey's De generatione, its origin and relevance to the theory of circulation”, British journal for the history of science, iii (1967) 262–274.