This article seeks to illustrate the importance of the medieval Church in the emergence of modern organizational forms. In outlining the organizational development of the Church, similarities to "modern " organization are noted using Weber's ideal-typical presentation of bureaucracy. It is argued that the medieval Church preserved some Roman administrative techniques, created new forms over the course of its development, and served as a model for emerging nation states in Western Europe.
References
1.
ALBROW, M. (1970) Bureaucracy. New York, Washington, London: Praeger.
2.
BALDWIN, S. (1962) The Organization of Medieval Christianity. The Berkshire Studies in European History. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
BENDIX, R. (1968) "Bureaucracy."International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York: Macmillan and Free Press.
5.
BIGGS, W. W. (1965) Introduction to the History of the Christian Church. London: Edward Arnold Publishers.
6.
BRACKMANN, A. (1961) "The Beginnings of the National State in Medieval Germany and the Norman Monarchies," pp. 281-299 [in G. Barraclough (ed.)] Medieval Germany 9911-1250, Vol. 2. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
7.
BROOKE, Z. N. (1968) "Gregory VII and the First Contest Between Empire and Papacy."The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
8.
DELHAYE, P. (1967) "Celibacy, History of."The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
9.
FINK, K. A. (1967) "Finances, Ecclesiastical."The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
10.
FLICK, A. C. (1964) The Rise of the Medieval Church and its Influence on the Civilization of Western Europe from the First to the Thirteenth Century. New York: Burt Franklin.
11.
GAUDEMENT, J. (1967) "Investiture Struggle."The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
12.
GLADDE, E. N. (1972) A History of Public Administration, Vol. 1. London: Frank Cass and Company Ltd.
13.
GOODENOUGH, E. R. (1931) The Church in the Roman Empire. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
14.
GREENSLADE, S. L. (1954) Church and State from Constantine to Theodosius. London: SCM Press.
15.
HARTMANN, L. M. (1957) "Imperial Africa and Italy: Administration."The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
16.
HAZELTINE, H. D. (1968) "Roman and Canon Law in the Middle Ages."The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
17.
KEOPF, F.et al. (1969) The Church in the Age of Feudalism. H. Jedin and J. Dolan (eds.) Handbook of Church History, Vol. 3. New York: Herder and Herder.
18.
KIBRE, P. (1948) The Nations in the Medieval Universities. Cambridge, MA: Mediaeval Academy of America.
19.
KING, J. P. (1967) "Curia, Diocesan."The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
20.
LOOMIS, L. R. (1974) "Nationality at the Council of Constance: An Anglo-French Dispute," pp. 326-344 in B. Tierney (ed.) The Middle Ages, Vol. 2. New York: Knopf.
21.
MARKHAM, J. J. (1967) "Curia, Roman."The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
22.
MOELLER, E. W. (1898) History of the Christian Church, Vol. 2. London: Swan Sonenschein and Co.; New York: Macmillan.
23.
MOONEY, J. D. (1947) The Principles of Organization. New York: Harper & Row.
24.
NASH, G. D. (1969) Perspectives on Administration: The Vistas of History. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California.
25.
PARTNER, P. (1972) The Lands of St. Peter: The Papal State in the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance. Berkeley: University of California.
26.
PARTNER, P. (1958) The Papal State Under Martin V. London: British School at Rome.
27.
POOLE, R. L. (1918) Imperial Influences on the Forms of Papal Documents. Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. 8. London: Oxford Univ. Press.
28.
POOLE, R. L. (1915) Lectures on the History of the Papal Chancery to the Time of Innocent III. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
29.
SABINE, G. H. (1973) A History of Political Thought. Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press.
30.
SCHAFF, P. (1922) History of the Christian Church, Vol. 3. New York: Scribner.
31.
STRAYER, J. R. (1972) "Laicization and Nationalism in the Thirteenth Century," in C. L. Tipton (ed.) Nationalism in the Middle Ages. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
32.
STRAYER, J. R. (1970) On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
33.
TELLENBACH, G. (1940) Church, State and Christian Society at the Time of the Investiture Conflict. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.,
34.
TIERNEY, B. (1974) "Medieval Canon Law and Western Constitutionalism," pp. 253-265 in The Middle Ages, Volume 2. New York: Knopf.
35.
TIPTON, C. L. [ed.] (1972) Nationalism in the Middle Ages. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
36.
TURNER, C. H. (1957) "The Organization of the Church."The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
37.
ULLMAN, W. (1967) "Papacy."The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
38.
ULLMAN, W. (1962) The Growth of Papal Government in the Middle Ages. New York: Barnes and Noble.
39.
VAN LIERDE, P. C. (1967) "Consistory."The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
40.
VOGELPOHL, H. J. (1967) "Curia, Metropolitan"The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
41.
WATSON, E. W. (1968) "The Development of Ecclesiastical Organization and Its Financial Basis."The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 6. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
42.
WEBER, M. (1946) From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills (eds. and trans.) New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
43.
WHITNEY, J. P. (1968) "The Reform of the Church."The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
44.
WINSLOW, F. J. (1967) "Vicar."The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
45.
WREN, D. A. (1972) The Evolution of Management Thought. New York: The Ronald Press Co.
46.
ZACOUR, N. P. (1976) An Introduction to Medieval Institutions. New York: St. Martin's.
