Research indicates that bullies and victims are more prone to violent behavior, especially as they get older, than are their peers who are not exposed to such behavior. Implementing school-based programs that address the dangers and long-term effects of bullying episodes is a major step in preventing school violence.
References
1.
Ambert, A. M."Qualitative Study of Peer Abuse and Its Effects: Theoretical and Empirical Implications."Journal of Marriage and the Family56(1994): 119-130.
2.
Bowers L.; Smith, P. K.; and Binney, V."Perceived Family Relationships of Bullies, Victims and Bully/Victims in Middle Childhood."Journal of Social and Personal Relationships11(1994): 215-232.
3.
Clarke, E. A., and Kiselica, M. S."A Systemic Counseling Approach to the Problem of Bullying."Elementary School Guidance and Counseling31(1997): 310-324.
4.
Connell, A., and Farrington, D."Bullying Among Incarcerated Young Offenders: Developing an Interview Schedule and Some Preliminary Results."Journal of Adolescence19(1996): 75-88.
5.
Fagot, B., and Kavanagh, K."The Prediction of Antisocial Behavior from Avoidant Attachment Classifications."Child Development61(1990): 864-873.
6.
Floyd, N. M."Pick on Someone Your Own Size: Controlling Victimization."Pointer29(1985): 9-17.
7.
Greenbaum, S."What Can We Do About Schoolyard Bullying?"Principal67(1987): 21-24.
8.
Hoover, J., and Hazler, R."Bullies and Victims."Elementary School Guidance and Counseling25(1991): 212-219.
9.
Horne, A.; Glaser, B.; and Sayger, T."Bullies."Journal of Counseling and Development27(1994): 3-11.
10.
Neese, L. A."Psychological Maltreatment in Schools: Emerging Issues for Counselors."Elementary School Guidance and Counseling23(1989): 193-199.
11.
Oliver, R. L.; Hoover, J. H.; and Hazler, R. J."The Perceived Roles of Bullying in Small-Town Midwestern Schools."Journal of Counseling Development72(1994): 416-420.
12.
Oliver, R. L.; Young, T. A.; and LaSalle, S. M."Early Lessons in Bullying and Victimization: The Help and Hindrance of Children's Literature."Te School Counselor42(1994): 137-146.
13.
Olweus, D.Aggression in the Schools: Bullying and Whipping Boys. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere, 1978.
14.
Olweus, D."Aggressors and Their Victims: Bullying in School." In Disruptive Behavior in Schools, edited by N. Frude and H. Gault. New York: Wiley, 1984.
15.
Olweus, D."Annotation: Bullying at School: Basic Facts and Effects of a School Based Intervention Program."Journal of Child Psychology35(1994): 1171-1190.
16.
Olweus, D."Bully/Victim Problems Among Schoolchildren: Basic Facts and Effects of a School Based Intervention Program." In The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression, edited by K. Rubin and D. Pepler. Hillsdale, NJ.: Erlbaum, 1991.
17.
Olweus, D.Bullying at School. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 1993.
18.
Olweus, D."Familial and Temperamental Determinants of Aggressive Behavior in Adolescent Boys: A Causal Analysis."Child Development16(1980): 644-660.
19.
Remley, T. P., Jr."Reaction to Psychological Maltreatment in Schools: Emerging Issues for Counselors."Elementary School Guidance and Counseling23(1989): 201-203.
20.
Rigby, K., and Slee, P. T."Bullying Among Australian School Children: Reported Behavior and Attitudes to Victims."The Journal of Social Psychology131(1991): 615-627.
21.
Roberts, W. B., and Coursol, D. H."Strategies for Intervention with Childhood and Adolescent Victims of Bullying, Teasing, and Intimidation in School Settings."Elementary School Guidance and Counseling30(1996): 204-212.
22.
Wheeler, E. D., and Baron, S. A.Violence in Our Schools, Hospitals, and Public Places. Ventura, Calif.: Pathfinder Publishing of California, 1994.
