This paper contributes to analyses of energy integration strategies in Latin America. Focusing on the case of Ecuador’s participation in regional energy networks, the paper traces how oilfields, region, firms, and state are entangled in the making of energo-political assemblages. The paper develops an analytic of subterranean frictions in order to trace the coproduction of subterranean space and oil geopolitical events and, more generally, propose a more expansive geography of subterranean geopolitics that challenges spatial simplifications of resource extraction. The paper discusses how subterranean geopolitics, alongside surface politics, contributes to our understanding of the promises (and failures) of emerging energy projects in Latin America.
AlvarezRToroJCastilloFGuerreroI (2010) “Crónica del major atraco petrolero del siglo 20”. In: SaltosNVillavicencioF (eds) Ecuador: Peaje Global, Quito: PH Ediciones, pp. 61–107. Comisión Especial CASO PETROBRAS
AppelH (2012) “Offshore work: oil, modularity, and the how of capitalism in Equatorial Guinea”. American Ethnologist39: 692–709
5.
ApterA (2005) The Pan-African Nation: Oil and the Spectacle of Culture in Nigeria, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
6.
AydinA (2000) “Fractures, faults, and hydrocarbon entrapment, migration and flow”. Marine and Petroleum Geology17: 797–814
7.
AyusoA (2010) “Integración con equidad: instrumentos para el tratamiento de las asimetrías en América del Sur”. In: CienfuegosMSanahujaJ A (eds) Una región en construcción Unasur y la Integración en América del Sur, Santiago, Chile: Fundación CIDOB, pp. 137–178
8.
BabyP (2013) “Thick-skinned tectonics in the Oriente foreland basin of Ecuador”. Geological Society special publication377: 59–76
9.
BakkerKBridgeG (2006) “Material worlds? Resource geographies and the ‘matter of nature’ ”. Progress in Human Geography30: 5–27
10.
BarryA (2006) “Technological zones”. European Journal of Social Theory9: 239–253
11.
BebbingtonABuryJ (2013) Subterranean Struggles: New Dynamics of Mining, Oil, and Gas in Latin America, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press
12.
BowkerG C (1994) Science on the Run: Information Management and Industrial Geophysics at Schlumberger, 1920–1940, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
13.
BridgeG (2011) “Resource geographies 1: making carbon economies, old and new”. Progress in Human Geography35: 820–834
14.
BridgeG (2013) “Territory, now in 3D!”. Political Geography34: 55–57
15.
BridgeGWoodA (2010) “Less is more: spectres of scarcity and the politics of resource access in the upstream oil sector”. Geoforum41: 565–576
16.
CanfieldR WBonillaGRobbinsR K (1982) “Sacha oil Ffeld of Ecuadorian Oriente”. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists66: 1076–1090
17.
CarriéreJ (2001) “Neoliberalism, economic crisis, and popular mobilization in Ecuador”. In: DemmersJFernándezJ A EHogenboomB (eds) Miraculous Metamorphoses: The Neoliberalization of Latin American Populism, London: Zed Books, pp. 132–149
18.
CoronilF (1997) The Magical State: Nature Money, and Modernity in Venezuela, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
19.
CoronilF (2011a) “The Future in Question (1989–2010)”. In: CalhounCDerluguianG (eds) Business as Usual: The Roots of the Global Financial Meltdown, New York: New York University Press, pp. 231–264
20.
CoronilF (2011b) “Oilpacity: secrets of history in the coup against Hugo Chávez”. Anthropology News52(5): 6–6
21.
Correa R, 2012, Enlace Ciudadano number 225 Quito
22.
DashwoodMAbbottsI (1990) “Aspects of the petroleum of the Oriente Basin, Ecuador”. In: BrooksJ (eds) Classic Petroleum Basins, London: Geological Society, pp. 89–117
23.
DeleuzeGGuattariF (1987) A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, London: Athlone Press
FloresJ GElphickJ JLopezFEspinelP (2008) “The integrated approach to formation water management: from reservoir management to the protection of the environment”. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers
33.
FortunK (2014) “From Latour to late industrialism”. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory4: 309–329
34.
FossenH (2010) Structural Geology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
GerlachA (2003) Indians, Oil, and Politics: A Recent History of Ecuador, Wilmington, IN: Scholarly Resources
37.
GoldsteinABaenaC (2010) “Drivers of internationalisation of companies from emerging economies: comparing Petrobras (Brazil) and PDVSA (Venezuela)”. International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development3: 392–407
38.
HarawayD (1988) “Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective”. Feminist Studies14: 575–599
39.
HarawayD J (2008) When Species Meet, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press
40.
HuberM T (2013) Lifeblood: Oil, Freedom, and the Forces of Capital, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press
41.
IngoldT (2011) Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description, London: Routledge
KaupB Z (2010) “A neoliberal nationalization? The constraints on natural-gas-led development in Bolivia”. Latin American Perspectives37: 123–138
44.
LevorsenA I (1967) Geology of Petroleum, San Francisco, CA: W H Freeman
45.
LiT (2014) Land’s End: Capitalist Relations on an Indigenous Frontier, Durham, NC: Duke University Press
46.
Llanes Suárez H, 2006, Oxy : contratos petroleros : inequidad en la distribución de la producción Bazar y Papelería El Mantial (distributor), Quito
47.
MadridR LHunterWWeylandK G (2010) Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings, New York: Cambridge University Press
48.
Malamud A, 2013, “Overlapping regionalism, no integration: conceptual issues and the Latin American experiences” EUI working papers RSCAS 2013/20, Global Governance Programme-42;2013/20, EUI/RSCAS, San Domenico di Fiesole
PerreaultTValdiviaG (2010) “Hydrocarbons, popular protest and national imaginaries: Ecuador and Bolivia in comparative context”. Geoforum41: 689–699
58.
Petroecuador, 2005 Hitos de la industria petrolera: 1829–2005 Relaciones Institucionales de Petroecuador, Quito
59.
RiggirozziP (2012) “Region, regionness and regionalism in Latin America: towards a new synthesis”. New Political Economy17: 421–443
60.
Rodriguez J C, Figueroa A, 2010, “Intelligent completions and horizontal wells increase production and reduce free gas and water in mature fields” SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX
61.
ShifterM (2012) “The shifting landscape of Latin American regionalism”. Current History111(742): 56–61
62.
TschoppH J (1953) “Oil explorations in the Oriente of Ecuador, 1938–1950”. AAPG Bulletin37: 2303–2347
63.
TsingA L (2005) Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
64.
TsingA (2010) “Or, can actor-network theory experiment with holism?”. In: OttoTBubandtN (eds) Experiments in Holism: Theory and Practice in Contemporary Anthropology, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 47–66
65.
TsingA (2012) “Frictions”. In: RitzerG (eds) The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of globalization, Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 707–709
Vainer C, Nuti M, 2008, “La integración energética sudamericana: contribuciones para una agenda socio-ambiental”, Instituto de Estudos Socioeconômicos, Brasilia DF
68.
VitalisR (2007) America’s Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
69.
WattsM (2004) “Resource curse? Governmentality, oil and power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria”. Geopolitics9: 81–108
70.
WattsM (2012) “A tale of two gulfs: life, death, and dispossession along two oil frontiers”. American Quarterly64: 437–467
71.
WhiteH JSkopecR ARamirezF ARodasJ ABonillaG (1995) “Reservoir characterization of the Hollin and Napo formations, western Oriente Basin, Ecuador”. In: TankardA JSorucoR SWelsinkH J (eds) Petroleum Basins of South America573–596. AAPG Memoir 62:
