Uraemic Myopathy: Fact or Fiction

Edwards R.H.T. . Human muscle function and fatigue. In: Human muscle fatigue: physiological mechanisms, Ciba Foundation Symposium. London: Pitman Medical, 1981; 82: 1–18.

Edwards R.H.T. . Physiological analysis of skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue. Clin Sci Mol Med 1978; 54: 463–70.

Brautbar N. . Skeletal myopathy in uremia: abnormal energy metabolism. Kidney Int 1983; 24(Suppl.): S81–6.

Heimberg K.W. , Matthews C. , Ritz E. . Active Ca transport of sarcoplasmic reticulum during experimental uremia: changes in kinetics and lipid composition. Eur J Biochem 1976; 61: 207–13.

Fahal I.H. , Bell G.M. , Bone J.M. , Edwards R.H.T. . Physiological abnormalities of the muscle of dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12: 119–27.

Moore G.E. , Parsons D.B. , Stray-Gunderson J. . Uraemic myopathy limits aerobic capacity in haemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 22: 277–87.

Barany P. , Wibom R. , Hultman E. , Bergstrom J. . ATP production in isolated muscle mitochondria from haemodialysis patients: effects of correction of anaemia with erythropoietin. Clin Sci 1991; 81: 645–53.

Young A. , Stokes M. , Crowe M. . The size and strength of the quadriceps muscles of old and young men. Clin Physiol 1985; 5: 145–54.

Levenson J.L. , Glocheski S. . Psychological factors affecting end-stage renal disease. A review. Psychosomatics 1991; 32: 382–9.

Stein G. , Schmidt A. , Sperschneider H. . Morphometric and histochemical studies of the skeletal muscles of patients with chronic renal failure and dialysis patients. Z Urol Nephrol 1986; 79: 559–67.

Diesel W. , Knight B.K. , Noakes T.D. , Zyl Smit R. , Kaschula R.O.C. , Sinclair-Smith C.C. . Morphological features of the myopathy associated with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 22: 677–84.

Berkeihammer C.H. , Lawrence A.L. , Jeejeebhoy K.N. . Skeletal muscle function in chronic renal failure: an index of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 42: 845–54.

Russell McR , Leiter L.A. , Whitwell J. , Marliss E.B. , Jeejeebhoy K.N. . Skeletal muscle function during hypocaloric diets and fasting: a comparison with standard nutritional assessment parameters. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37: 133–8.

Fahal I.H. . An objective analysis of muscle weakness and fatigue in renal dialysis patients. MD thesis, University of Liverpool March, 1997.

Rodman J.S. , Baker T. . Changes in the kinetics of muscle contraction in vitamin D depleted rats. Kidney Int 1978; 13: 189–93.

Mallette L.E.M. , Patten B.M. , Engel W.K. . Neuromuscular disease in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1975; 82: 474–83.

Bogin E. , Levi J. , Harrary I. , Massry S.G. . Effects of parathyroid hormone on oxidative phosphorylation of heart mitochondria. Min Elect Metab 1982; 7: 151–6.

Phillips S.K. , Gopinathan J. , Meehan K. , Bruce S.A. , Woledge R.C. . Muscle strength changes during the menstrual cycle in adductor pollicis. J Pathol 1993a; 131P.

Phillips S.K. , Rook K.M. , Siddle N.C. , Bruce S.A. , Woledge R.C. . Muscle weakness in women occurs at an earlier age than in men, but strength is preserved by hormone replacement therapy. Clin Sci 1993; 84: 95–8.

Heald D.E. . Influence of ammonium ions on mechanical and electro-physiological responses of skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1975; 229: 1174–9.

Ahmad S. , Robertson T. , Golper T. . Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. II. Clinical and biochemical effects. Kidney Int 1990; 38: 912.

Siami G. , Clinton M.E. , Mark R. . Evaluation of the effect of intravenous L-carnitine therapy on function, structure and fatty acid metabolism of skeletal muscle in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Nephron 1991; 57: 306.

Gutman R.A. , Stead W.W. , Robinson R.R. . Physical activity and employment status of patients on maintenance dialysis. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 309–13.

Wagenmakers A.J.M. , Coakley J.H. , Edwards R.H.T. . The metabolic consequences of reduced habitual activities in patients with muscle pain and disease. Ergonomics 1988; 31: 1519–27.