Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasm: Anatomo-Clinical and Follow-Up Trends

Cellular proliferation in the prostatic ducts and acini presents a morphological continuum from benign proliferation without cytological atypia (hyperplasia) to proliferations with different degrees of dysplasia. The term prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm (P.I.N.) indicates the theoretical morphological extremity of that continuum. The criteria for differentiating P.I.N. into three grades are to be found in the cytological and architectural aspect as well as the integrity of the basal cell layer and the basal membrane. Clinically P.I.N. is strongly associated with prostatic carcinoma and diagnosis should be followed by further investigations for a co-existing carcinoma. All the elements (age, severity of P.I.N., P.S.A., D.R.E. and T.R.U.S. characteristics) which may be used for correct follow-up are discussed, as well as possible therapeutic options.