Abstract
The development of short femoral prostheses has the advantage to preserve bone and soft tissues, restore hip geometry, permit mini-invasive techniques and allow quickly return to an active life, but very few studies described bone reaction to these new designed prostheses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the osseointegration of two different partial neck retained stemless hip prosthesis at one year after surgery, measured by the changes of periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) in 5 regions of interest (ROIs) using a dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) device. The signs of stress-shielding were evaluated by standard radiographs. Thirty-two uncemented primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients allocated into 2 groups were evaluated. In the first group (n=19) a Proxima (De-Puy-J&J) hip stem was implanted. In the second group (n=12) a Nanos (Smith & Nephew) hip stem was used. We found that both the implants preserve metaphyseal bone stock and increase periprosthetic BMD. In Nanos prostheses a significant higher BMD values were observed in region of interest (ROI) 3 and 4 (p<0.05). No differences were found in ROIs 1, 2, and 5. Proxima stem seem to produce a physiological strain distribution in the femur. No signs of stress-shielding were present in both the implants. In conclusion, this preliminary DXA analysis showed a physiological integration of both the stems that reproduces the biomechanical stress of proximal femur. New designed short stem implants showed optimal osseointegration after one year, and therefore appears an excellent alternative to traditional long stem hip prostheses.