This article focuses on the potential for and value of including a feminist ethics paradigm within long-term care case management policies and programs. We describe our experience as evaluators of a pilot case management program in a single state. Because this project was newand many of the administrative details were left open at its initiation, it offered a useful laboratory for examining the emergence of elements that were more consistent with the feminist ethics paradigm versus a regulatory system approach to social services. Finally, we describe ways to assure that feminist ethics and regulatory system approaches are appropriately balanced in case management programs.
References
1.
Austin, C. D.
(1992). Have we oversold case management as a “quick fix” for our long-term care system?Journal of Case Management, 1, 61-65.
2.
Baker, D. I.
,& Pallett-Hehn, P. (1995). Care or control: Barriers to service use by elderly people. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 14(3), 261-274.
3.
Callahan, J. L., Jr.
(1989). Case management for the elderly: A panacea?Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 1, 181-195.
4.
Carse, L. A.
,& Nelson, H. (1996). Rehabilitating care. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 6(1), 19-35.
5.
Collopy, B. J.
(1988). Autonomy in long term care: Some crucial distinctions. The Gerontologist, 28(Suppl.), 10-17.
6.
Darragh, M.
, & McCarrick, P. M. (1996). Managed health care: New ethical issues for all. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 6(2), 189-207.
7.
Dill, A.
(1993). Defining needs, defining systems: A critical analysis. The Gerontologist, 33, 453-460.
8.
Fixsen, D. L.
,& Blase, K. A. (1993). Creating newrealities: Program development and dissemination. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 597-615.
9.
Gilligan, C.
(1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10.
Gilligan, C.
, Ward, J. V., Taylor, J. M.,& Bardige, B. (Eds.). (1988). Mapping the moral domain: A contribution of women's thinking to psychological theory and education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11.
Haber, D.
(1986). In-home and community-based long-term care services: A review of recent AOA Projects involving self-determination. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 5, 37-50.
12.
Held, V.
(1993). Feminist morality: Transforming culture, society, and politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13.
Kane, R.
(1988). Introduction. Generations, 12, 5-5.
14.
Liaschenko, J.
(1993). Feminist ethics and cultural ethos: Revisiting a nursing debate. Advances in Nursing Science, 15, 71-81.
15.
Lubben, J. E.
(1987). Models for delivering long term care. Home Health Care Services Quarterly, 8, 5-21.
16.
McAuley, W. J.
,& Safewright, M. P. (1992). Evaluation of the case management for elderly Virginians pilot project. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Center for Gerontology.
17.
McCullough, L. B.
, Wilson, N. L., Teasdale, T. A., Kolpakchi, A. L.,& Skelly, J. R. (1993). Mapping personal, familial, and professional values in long-term care decisions. The Gerontologist, 33, 324-332.
18.
McKnight, J. L.
(1987, Winter). Regenerating community. Social Policy, 54-58.
19.
Noddings, N.
(1984). Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
20.
Quinn, J.
(1995). LTC case management—what is it and where is it going: What's in a name?Aging Today, 16(2), 7-8.
21.
Rothenberg, K. H.
(1996). Feminism, law, and bioethics. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 6(1), 69-84.
22.
Sherwin, S.
(1993). No longer patient: Feminist ethics and health care. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
23.
Stivers, C.
(1990). Toward a feminist perspective in public administration. Women and Politics, 10(4), 49-65.
24.
Stivers, C.
(1992). “A wild patience”: A feminist view of ameliorative public administration. In M. T. Bailey & R. T. Mayer (Eds.), Public management in an interconnected world: Essays in the Minnowbrook tradition(pp. 53-71). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
25.
Stivers, C.
(1994). The listening bureaucrat: Responsiveness in public administration. Public Administration Review, 45(4), 364-369.
26.
Theodorson, G. A.
, & Theodorson, A. G. (1969). Modern dictionary of sociology. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
27.
Tong, R.
(1993). Feminine and feminist ethics. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
28.
Tong, R.
(1996). Feminist bioethics: Toward developing a “feminist” answer to the surrogate motherhood question. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 6(1), 37-52.
29.
Tronto, J. C.
(1993). Moral boundaries: A political argument for an ethic of care. New York: Routeledge.
