About 2.5 million tonnes of copper smelter slag are available in Küre, northern part of Turkey. This slag contains large amounts of metallic values such as copper and cobalt. A representative slag sample containing 0.98% Cu, 0.49% Co and 51.47% Fe was used in the experimental studies. Two different methods, direct acid leaching and acid baking followed by hot water leaching were used for recovering Cu and Co from the slag. The effects of leaching time, temperature and acid concentration on Cu- and Co-dissolving efficiencies were investigated in the direct acid leaching tests. The optimum leaching conditions were found to be a leaching time of 2 h, acid concentration of 120 g L-1, and temperature of 60°C. Under these conditions, 78% Cu and 90% Co were extracted. In the acid baking + hot water leaching tests, 74% Co was dissolved after 1 h of roasting at 200°C using a 3: 1 acid: slag ratio, whereas the Cu-dissolving efficiency was 79% and the total slag weight loss was approximately 50%.
Açma, E. (1997) The effect of sulfur and reduction temperature on cobalt dissolution during sulfuric acid leaching of metallic matte . Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 36, 25-29 .
2.
Açma, E. , Sesigür, H. , Arslan, C. , Addemir, O. & Tekin, A. (1993) Production of copper, cobalt and magnetic iron oxide from the ancient copper slags. In: The Paul E. Queneau International Symposium, Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, Nickel and Cobalt, Vol. 1. Fundamental Aspects, pp. 1181-1193. TMS, Minerals, Metals, Materials, Nevada, Reno, USA .
3.
Altundogan H.S. & Tümen, F. (1997) Metal recovery from copper converter slag by roasting with ferric sulphate , Hydrometallurgy, 44, 261-267 .
4.
Arslan, C. (1982) Karadeniz Bakir Isletmeleri A.S. bakir izabe curuflarinin asitte pisirme yöntemi ile degerlendirilmesi (Evaluation of Black Sea Copper Works’ smelter slag via acid roasting method). MSc Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, (In Turkish).
5.
Arslan, C. & Arslan, F. (2002) Recovery of copper, cobalt, and zinc from copper smelter and converter slags , Hydrometallurgy, 2083, 1-7 .
6.
Arslan, F. , Giray, K. , Önal, G. & Gürkan, V. (2002) Development of a flow-sheet for recovering copper and tin from copper refining slags . The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection, 2, 94-102 .
7.
Banza, A.N. , Gock, E. & Kongolo, K. (2002) Characterization of copper smelter slag from Lubumbashi for the recovery of valuable metals . In: Extended Abstracts of IX. International Mineral Processing Symposium, Cappadocia, Turkey, 18-20 September, pp. 5-7 . Kozan Ofset, Ankara.
8.
Bipra Gorai , Jana, R.K. & Premchand , (2003) Characteristics and utilisation of copper slag - a review . Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 39, 299-313 .
9.
Bruckard, W.J. , Somerville, M. & Hao, F. (2004) The recovery of copper, by flotation, from calcium-ferrite-based slags made in continuous pilot plant smelting trials . Minerals Engineering, 17, 495-504 .
10.
Bulut, G. , Gül A. , Kangal, O. & Önal, G. (2004) Evaluation of metallic values from ancient slags . In: COM 2004, The Conference of Metallurgists, Materials: The Future of Manufacturing in A Sustainable Environment, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Waste Processing and Recycling in Mineral and Metallurgical Industries, Ontario, Canada, August 22-25, pp. 417-427 .
11.
Gbor, P.K. , Ahmed I.B. &. Jia, C.Q. (2002) Evaluation of contributions of acid and ligand to Ni, Co, and Fe dissolution from nonferrous smelter slags in a aqueous sulfur dioxide . Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 41, 1861-1867 .
12.
Giray, K. , Önal, G. , Arslan, F. &. Gürkan, V. (1996) Recovery of copper and tin from copper fire refining slags . In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Mineral Processing Symposium, Kusadasi, Turkey, 24-26 September, pp. 301-306 . A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
13.
Gül, A. , Bulut, G. , Kangal O. & Önal, G. (2003) Benefication of ancient copper slags . In: Proceedings of X Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Varna, Bulgaria, 15-20 June, pp. 831-836 . Djiev Trade Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria.
14.
Güner, M. (1980) Küre civarinin masif sülfit yataklari ve jeolojisi, pantidler Kuzey Türkiye (Geology and massive sulfide ores of the Küre area, the pontic ranges, Northern Turkey) . MTA Dergisi (The Journal of Mineral Research and Exploration)93-94, 65-110 (In Turkish).
15.
Herreros, O. , Quiroz, R. , Manzano, E. , Bou, C. & Vinals, J. (1998) Copper extraction from reverberatory and flash furnace slags by chlorine leaching . Hydrometallurgy, 49, 87-101 .
16.
Kongolo, K. , Mwema, M.D. , Banza, A N. & Gock, E. (2003) Cobalt and zinc recovery from copper sulphate solution by solvent extraction . Minerals Engineering, 16, 1371-1374 .
Osborn, G. A. , Garner F. A. & Veasey, T. J. (1986) Recovery of metal values from secondary copper slags . In: Proceedings of the First International Mineral Processing Symposium, Izmir, Turkey, 29 September-1 October, pp. 46-64 .
19.
Sarrafi, A. , Rahmati, B. , Hassani, H.R. & Shirazi, H.H.A. (2003) Recovery of copper from reverberatory furnace slag by flotation (technical note) . Minerals Engineering, 17, 457-459 .
20.
Shen, H. & Forssberg, E. (2003) An overview of recovery of metals from slags . Waste Managements, 23, 933-949 .
21.
Shi, C. & Qian, J. (2000) High performance cementing materials from industrial slags - a review . Resources Conservation and Recycling, 29, 195-207 .
22.
Sukla, L.B. , Panda S.C. & Jena, P.K. (1986) Recovery of cobalt, nickel and copper from converter slag through roasting with ammonium sulphate and sulphuric acid . Hydrometallurgy, 16, 153-165 .
23.
Tixier, R. , Devaguptapu, R. & Mobasher, B. (1997) The effect of copper slag on hydration and mechanical properties of cementitious mixtures . Cement and Concrete Research, 27, 1569-1580 .
24.
Topkaya, Y.A. (1990) Extraction of Co and Cu from historical slags of Küre . ATB Metall, 30, 23-28 .
25.
Tümen, F. & Bailey, N.T. (1990) Recovery of metal values from copper smelter slags by roasting with pyrite . Hydrometallurgy, 25, 317-328 .
26.
Yücel O , Sahin F.C.Sirin, B. & Addemir O. (1999) A reduction study of copper slag in a DC arc furnace . Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 28, 93-99 .
27.
Yücel O , Addemir O , Tekin A. & Nizamoglu S. (1992) Recovery of cobalt from copper slags . Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 10, 99-107 .
28.
Ziyadanogullari, B. (2000) Recovery of copper and cobalt from concentrate and converter slag . Separation Science and Technology, 35, 1963-1971 .
