Asthma diagnoses are increasing nationally with the highest rates in the New England states. Epidemiological studies have suggested a relationship between airborne particulate matter (PM) and severity of an asthma attack. However, because particulate matter, PM, is such a complex mixture, it is difficult to isolate the exacerbating factors. In this paper we investigate the effect of NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and Maine PM and the soluble metals released from the PM on the growth of human lung fibroblasts. While the NIST PM itself had the most pronounced effect on cell survival rates, solutions of metals extracted from the PM also affected cell survival. Treatment of cells with 10, 50, 100 and 200 ug/cm2 resulted in 84 ± 13%, 69 ± 15%, 58 ± 14% and 58 ± 16% survival, respectively. Appropriate concentrations of eight acid soluble metals from NIST PM were determined and tested on cells giving 91 ± 11%, 87 ± 10%, 72 ± 18% and 66 ± 20% survival, respectively. Soluble metals from Maine PM were extracted and mixtures of appropriate concentrations of these metals were used to treat cells, resulting in 88 ± 5%, 81 ± 5%, 79 ± 3% and 57 ± 9% survival rate. To determine which, if any, of the metals individually affected the cells, Mn, Cu, V and As were used to treat the cells. At the metal concentrations tested, only As and V affected cell survival.
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