Facial Aesthetic/Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery Organizations – Their Online Tools and Methods for Interactive Learning

Abstract

The field of facial cosmetic and reconstructive surgery in the United States is represented by several prominent organizations, each specializing in distinct areas such as aesthetic and cosmetic enhancement, reconstructive techniques, and microvascular procedures. This article examines key cosmetic and reconstructive surgery organizations, focusing on their available online educational resources, interactive learning platforms, opportunities for knowledge advancement, and mechanisms for connecting established surgeons with emerging professionals through mentoring programs. A narrative review was conducted in PubMed using keywords “facial aesthetic surgery,” “facial esthetic surgery,” “facial cosmetic surgery,” “facial reconstructive surgery,” and “facial plastic surgery” to identify suitable organizations and collect relevant data. The inclusion criteria prioritized American organizations dedicated to facial aesthetic/cosmetic surgery. In addition, 2 internationally recognized cosmetic surgery organizations headquartered in the United States were included due to their prominence among US-based surgeons. Boards, councils, and international organizations, as well as organizations not focused on facial aesthetic/cosmetic surgery, were excluded. Data on online educational tools and learning opportunities was collected and analyzed directly from each organization’s official website. This article provides a descriptive overview of prominent American and selected international organizations dedicated to facial cosmetic/aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. It highlights their interactive online educational resources, specialized training opportunities, and structured networking and mentoring platforms aimed at fostering professional development and collaboration. In addition, the article outlines available patient-centered resources designed to assist individuals seeking surgical providers, postoperative care information, or revision strategies following unsatisfactory surgical outcomes. Brief historical context and organizational objectives are also summarized to provide comprehensive insights into each entity.

Keywords

facial cosmetic surgery facial plastic surgery facial reconstructive surgery new technology online tools digital learning

Introduction

Medical education and training have been transformed through new digital learning environments.¹ Modern technologies in education, which involve artificial intelligence, online learning, virtual treatment planning, and surgery simulations have become an essential component of surgeon’s education.² Leading facial aesthetic/cosmetic and reconstructive surgery organizations offer comprehensive, evidence-based information and advanced e-learning tools designed for surgeons and residents. Many organizational websites feature e-libraries, educational resources, and various continuing medical education (CME) opportunities for members. An additional advantage provided by these websites and their mobile applications is the ability for patients to search for surgeons by location and accreditation and engage in real-time chats to ask questions about specific procedures.³ As the scope of knowledge acquisition continues to expand rapidly for surgeons, residents, and patients alike, it is increasingly important to document this evolution. This historical perspective will enable future generations of surgeons to appreciate the progression of educational and interactive tools used in cosmetic/aesthetic and reconstructive surgery⁴ (Figures 1 -3).

Figure 1.

Excluded/included surgery organizations.

Figure 2.

Currently trending online tools and methods for interactive learning by Leading Facial Aesthetic/Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery organizations.

Figure 3.

Surgery organizations with facial cosmetic surgery content and their online tools and methods for interactive learning.

American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery (https://www.cosmeticsurgery.org/)

The American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery (AACS) was founded in 1985 as a multidisciplinary professional association devoted to excellence and safety in cosmetic surgery and aesthetic medicine. It includes specialties such as oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic and reconstructive surgery, otolaryngology, dermatology, general surgery, and ophthalmology inter alia. The official journal for peer-reviewed publications is the American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery (AJCS). The academy’s philosophy engages cosmetic surgery and aesthetic medicine as a global discipline and provides education, professional development, and advocacy to advance it as a multi-specialty field. In addition, at the AACS Annual Scientific Meeting, the academy offers in-person courses and workshops that discuss cosmetic procedures and techniques and allow hands-on training. The AACS World Congress on Liposuction is held every few years for 2 to 3 days of educational and social events, where attendees can learn advanced liposuction techniques, complications management, fat grafting, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) use, and more. Furthermore, members can access a high variety of virtual education online tools on the official AACS website, such as the Digital Library, and the AACS live WebClinics & Webinars, developed by the academy’s Education Committee and offered to both members and nonmembers. A 3-day online Cosmetic Surgery Annual Review Course is launched each spring for intermediate/advanced cosmetic surgeons, which reviews best practices for popular cosmetic surgery procedures and the newest techniques presented by experts in the field. The AACS certifies postresidency Facial Cosmetic Surgery Fellowships for graduates from Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency (DMD/DDS), as well as Fellowship in combined General and Facial Cosmetic Surgery for individuals who have completed a formal residency in general surgery, otolaryngology/head and neck surgery, plastic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery (MD/DDS), gynecologic surgery, orthopedic surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, or other equivalent Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) recognized residency training.^5,6 The corresponding Fellowship Core Curriculum Review takes place monthly via Zoom and allows fellows and young members interested in the fellowship to attend and learn from presentations of relevant questions, ask questions, and interact. The academy also periodically launches the AACS Meetings App, previously known as AACS Mobile, available for members only. The app is mainly dedicated to the academy’s annual meetings. It facilitates interaction and connection between members. It also provides info about the speakers, the event agenda, and the option to download the presentations, or take notes and draw directly on the presentation slides inside the event app.

American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (https://www.aafprs.org/)

Founded in 1964, the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) is the world’s largest specialty association for facial surgery with over 2200 surgeon-members. It has a 60-year history of providing opportunities for surgeons specializing in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. The AAFPRS has its own bimonthly Member Newsletter – Facial Plastic Times. The Educational and Research Foundation for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS Foundation) was created in 1974. Among many other research and educational opportunities, the foundation offers research grants, fellowships, annual scientific meetings, and humanitarian programs. AAFPRS Annual Meeting and AAFPRS Spring Meeting at Combined Otolaryngology Spring Meetings (COSM) – the latter mostly for residents, fellows-in-training, and medical students – are the two main annual scientific meetings offered by the academy. The FACE TO FACE (F2F) humanitarian programs allows AAFPRS members to use their surgical skills and expertise to help those in need domestically and abroad. F2F International, F2F Domestic Violence, and F2F Faces of Honor provide low-cost and pro bono corrective and reconstructive surgical services to children abroad with facial deformities, survivors of domestic violence in the United States, as well as to veterans and active-duty members who were injured while serving in the US Armed Forces. All programs are conducted under the auspices of the AAFPRS Foundation.⁷ The fellowship offered by the academy provides postgraduate training in facial plastic surgery for American, Canadian, and other international graduates who have completed a residency in otolaryngology or plastic surgery.⁸ The official website of the academy has over 25 years of history and provides evidence-based and continuously updated educational videos, as well as the AAFPRS CONNECT – an interactive virtual platform for Continuing Education and Job Opportunities.⁹

American Society of Plastic Surgeons (https://www.plasticsurgery.org/)

The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) was founded in 1931 and established by surgeons certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada who perform plastic and reconstructive surgery. The official publication peer-reviewed medical journal of the ASPS is Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS). The Plastic Surgery Foundation is linked to the society and has its own official website with broad sources for patients and surgeons.^10,11 ASPS offers numerous online tools related to education, practice management, and patient care, the majority of which are available through the official website and accessible to members only. In 2013, the society launched the ASPS Practice Marketing App for surgeons and patients. Currently, this mobile app is not available in the app stores and has been replaced by 2 mobile apps – the ASPS App and the Plastic Surgery Connect App. A third mobile app launched by the ASPS is the NBIR Device Tracking App. It is a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, 1996)-compliant app for the tracking of breast implants using a unique serial number. The mobile ASPS App is exclusively for members and designed to enhance the ASPS experience by interconnecting colleagues and staying up to date with clinical and academic activities, as well as the latest news and events. The Plastic Surgery Connect Mobile App, on the other hand, is a platform-based mobile app available for patient use and provides a useful tool with detailed information about procedures and postoperative management for current and potential cosmetic surgery patients. Other virtual AI tools dedicated to education and practice management include the ASPS Education Network (ASPS EdNet), which, together with the Plastic Surgery Education Network (PSEN), represents a centralized, interactive educational website, created by surgeons for surgeons. It discusses a variety of topics such as aesthetic and reconstructive surgical procedures, including microsurgery, improvement of performance, and patient safety. The society furthermore offers 2 podcasts. The ASPS Enhance Your Practice Podcast series reviews topics related to practice management. The second podcast, the Plastic Surgery Hotseat Podcast, is a clinical podcast where surgeons discuss a variety of procedures, including craniofacial, cosmetic, breast, pediatric, and reconstructive surgeries. The society also offers a virtual ASPS University, which is a teaching platform that provides interactive and on-demand online classes for CME. The Resident Education Curriculum (REC) is an ASPS program designed for residents, which contains more than 100 self-assessment modules that include journal article readings, presentations, videos, clinical case scenarios, and tests for practicing surgeons and residents, in collaboration with the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons (ACAPS). The WPS Symposium (Women in Plastic Surgery) was recently founded to support female surgeons in the field.

American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (https://www.theaestheticsociety.org/)

American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) was founded in 1967 and consists of US and Canadian board-certified surgeons by the American Board of Plastic Surgery, and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada respectively, as well as international surgeons board-certified by their national board society and members in either the International Confederation for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (IPRAS) or the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). Aesthetic Surgery Journal is the official publication peer-reviewed medical journal of the ASAPS.¹² The society has also a nonprofit foundation, the Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation (ASERF), which is dedicated to the advancement and safety of aesthetic surgery through scientific research, clinical studies, grants, and educational scholarships. It also endorses several fellowships following a standard curriculum to provide in-depth aesthetic surgery training for plastic surgery residents. The official website of the society provides educational materials for surgeons, as well as for patients.¹³ ASAPS offers a mobile app for members only, which provides updates about society events, meetings, speakers, and exhibitors. Another AI tool of the society designed for surgeons and patients is the AestheticConnect App. The web version of the AestheticConnect for potential aesthetic surgery patients offered by the society is the Smart Beauty Guide website, which provides detailed information about aesthetic plastic surgery, patient testimonials, as well as referrals to board-certified plastic surgeons. A third AI tool is the AestheticOne, designed as a HIPAA-compliant platform-based app for registration and tracking of breast implants, for patients and surgeons, and a web version for surgeons only.

International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (https://www.isaps.org/)

The ISAPS was founded in 1970 and includes over 3200 board-certified aesthetic plastic surgeons from 103 countries.¹⁴ Its headquarters is in Mount Royal, NJ, United States, and its mission is to provide safe and effective aesthetic procedures and improved quality of life for patients worldwide. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery is the official journal of the ISAPS. The society provides ISAPS MedOne, which is a state-of-the-art multimedia platform designed for residents and surgeons. It is an e-learning tool, which contains a library with 91 textbooks and 1762 videos related to plastic surgery published by Thieme Medical Publishers, a German medical and science publisher. Its content is made available on ISAPS MedOne first before the books are even printed. It further offers premier journal content with search results by PubMed and Training Center Q&A to assess subject knowledge. The mobile app launched by the society is strictly for members and provides information about events, presentations, and participants.

American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (https://aaoms.org/)

Founded in 1918, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) is considered one of the oldest surgery organizations in the world. It consists of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, fellows, and residents, mainly from the US, as well as a few international members. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is the official peer-reviewed medical journal of the AAOMS. It also contributes to one more journal, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology, together with the American College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (ACOMS), American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, American Academy of Oral Medicine, and the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. The AAOMS Today is a bimonthly magazine that covers issues and activities pertinent to the specialty. In addition to the reporting of association news and policies, articles address healthcare industry trends, legislative and regulatory initiatives, practice management, financial planning, as well as member achievements. The association offers fellowship pathways, primarily through its collaboration with the American College of Surgeons (ACS) for single-degree oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMS) to become an ACS Fellow (FACS), and also supports various postresidency subspecialty fellowships. AAOMS is very dynamic and technology-oriented and also one of the few to launch its own podcast – AAOMS On the Go podcast. It is a podcast series for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, residents, and patients interested in particular procedures. It provides conversations on a variety of topics related to the specialty and association initiatives and events. Another podcast dedicated to patients’ education about OMS procedures and other relevant topics is OMS Voices. In this podcast, many experts in the field, who are also involved in scientific research and academic surgery, share their knowledge about a variety of topics in a very accessible and understandable way for patients and the general public. The association has its own mobile apps available for members – AAOMS Events and OAE (Office-Based Anesthesia Event), as well as a web version of the AOMS Connect, which is the Association’s online community. AAOMS promotes a unique initiative known as Oral Surgery Political Action Committee (OMSPAC), the association’s political fund, that has a goal to support and elect pro-OMS candidates on the federal level. The Resident Organization of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (ROAAOMS) is an essential part of the association. Its mission is to support and represent the interests of oral and maxillofacial surgery residents.¹⁵

American College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (https://www.acoms.org/)

The ACOMS was founded in 1979 as a not-for-profit corporation in New York.^16,17 Even though it is incorporated in New York, ACOMS is authorized to operate legally in Washington, DC, which is common for national professional organizations. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology is the official publication peer-reviewed medical journal (OOOO Journal). ACOMS has modern education resources and tools, such as ACOMS Anywhere On-Demand, which is an online library with educational lectures for members, covering a diverse range of essential topics in oral and facial surgery, and featuring new content every month presented by a faculty of over 50 experts.

The ACOMS Continuing Education opportunities are implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) for physicians, as well as dental continuing education accredited by the American Dental Association Commission for Continuing Education Provider Recognition (CCERP). The ACOMS Events include the Annual Scientific Conference and Exhibition, with a variety of educational sessions about diverse topics in oral and facial surgery. The annual Winter Meeting also offers sessions, speaker presentations, and networking opportunities. Another specialized event is the annual Cosmetic Course, which offers wide-ranging didactic and hands-on sessions in facial cosmetic surgery.

International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (https://www.iaoms.org/)

The International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS) was founded in 1962 and consists currently of over 4000 members from more than 120 countries. Its headquarters are in Chicago, IL, United States. The mission of IAOMS is to improve the quality and safety of health care worldwide through the advancement of patient care, education, and research in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. It has its own foundation, the IAOMS Foundation, which provides educational and training opportunities for OMS surgeons worldwide. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is the peer-reviewed medical journal of the IAOMS. The IAOMS 12-Month Foundation Fellowship offers early- to mid-career OMS immersive training at world-renowned centers abroad, mainly in China and India, focusing on high-priority areas like cleft/craniofacial surgery or oncology/microvascular reconstruction. The official website of the association offers a variety of educational tools related to different head and neck procedures. The association does not offer any mobile app in particular. However, its broad online e-learning tools offer a sound academic database. The association offers the IAOMS Microlearning Series, with videos related to face and neck surgeries, mainly aesthetic procedures, presented by the leading surgeons in the field. Users can also find on-demand videos of the IAOMS Scientific Webinar Series, as well as the association’s own IAOMS Podcast Series.

American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons (https://maxface.org/)

The American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons (ASMS) was founded in 1947 and is focused on the state-of-the-art practice of surgery of the face and cranium.¹⁸ FACE is the official journal for publications of the ASMS together with the American Society of Craniofacial Surgeons (ASCFS). The society founded the Maxillofacial Surgeons Foundation in 1988 to promote, develop, and conduct educational, scientific, and charitable activities related to maxillofacial surgery. The ASMS supports and promotes Craniofacial Surgery Fellowships, often collaborating with the ASCFS for training pathways, and offers its own CRANIO (Craniofacial Region Added New Information Opportunity) Fellowship for clinical exposure in locations in the United States, Canada, and Mexico City. The mobile app recommended by the society is Smile Train, which is a virtual surgical simulator mainly for cleft-lip-palate surgeries.

American Society of Craniofacial Surgeons (https://ascfs.org/)

Craniofacial surgery is a subspecialty of plastic and reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery that corrects congenital and acquired deformities of the head, skull, face, neck, jaws, and associated structures, which leads to improvement in function and aesthetics. The ASCFS was originally a chapter of the International Society of Craniofacial Surgery (ISCFS) and became a separate society in 1992. FACE is the official journal for publications in conjunction with the ASMS.¹⁹ The society founded the ASCFS Foundation, whose mission is to improve the quality of life of craniofacial patients through education and research. The ASCFS provides a formal accreditation and application structure for various craniofacial fellowship programs across the United States. These programs are typically for 1 year and cover cleft lip/palate, craniosynostosis, facial trauma, distraction osteogenesis, and other complex craniofacial anomalies. They are hosted at major medical centers and universities within the United States. The main mobile app recommended by the society is the CIVA Pro (Craniofacial Interactive Virtual Assistant), which was created by the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and the Department of Plastic Surgery at NYU Langone Medical Center and continuously evolved during the past 2 decades. It is offered on a pro bono basis by myFace, a center that provides comprehensive care in a multidisciplinary setting for patients requiring craniofacial surgery.

American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (https://www.asoprs.org/)

It is also known as the Oculofacial Society.²⁰ Oculofacial surgery is a subspecialty of plastic and reconstructive surgery and is a specialized field focusing on the eyelids, lacrimal system, orbit, and the surrounding face. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Journal (OPRS Journal) is the official peer-reviewed journal of the society. The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) Foundation, focused on education, humanitarian projects, and research, offers grants and awards for members only. Divided into “even” and “odd” year groups, the ASOPRS offers furthermore 2-year full-time fellowship in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery (oculoplastics) at various academic institutions in the US and Canada, providing comprehensive training in cosmetic, functional, and reconstructive surgery of the eyelids, orbit, and lacrimal system.²¹ The society meets annually for the Fall Scientific Symposium, as well as the annual Spring Meeting. Another annual meeting together with the European Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ESOPRS) takes place usually in Europe for an international scientific exchange. The ASOPRS Forum 2.0, the newly formatted ASOPRS discussion group, offers an interactive platform for members to connect with and exchange information.

American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (https://www.asds.net/)

The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) was founded in 1970 to promote excellence in the subspecialty of dermatologic cosmetic surgery. The ASDS conducts a Clinical and Scientific Annual Meeting, as well as Premier Annual Resident Cosmetic Symposium and Resident Workshop (Energy-Based Devices). It provides representation in the American Medical Association (AMA) House of Delegates. The official peer-reviewed journal of the society is “Dermatologic Surgery,” as well as a quarterly member newsletter entitled “Currents.” The society also provides a patient information news brief entitled “Skin sights.” The society offers, furthermore, educational exchange and mentorship opportunities such as Preceptorship Programs for USA/Canadian and international cosmetic surgeons. ASDS Learn is an educational online platform that provides online on-demand courses and self-directed learning options. ASDS Future Leaders Network (FLN) is a 1-year curriculum that provides education for mentors and mentees and incorporates leadership training. The Cosmetic Dermatologic Surgery Fellowship Accreditation Program offered by the ASDS is a 1-year fellowship in advanced cosmetic dermatologic surgery procedures. It is focused on advanced cosmetic procedures, laser surgery, and dermatologic surgery, often combined with Mohs surgery training.^22,23

Discussion

The article provides a comprehensive descriptive overview of leading facial aesthetic/cosmetic and reconstructive surgery organizations, emphasizing their contributions to education, professional development, and patient care. It highlights the transformative impact of digital learning environments and advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, virtual treatment planning, and surgery simulations, on medical education and training. It outlines further resources such as e-libraries, webinars, virtual courses, and mobile applications, as well as podcasts which allow members to stay updated on the latest advancements in the field. In addition, it facilitates networking, mentoring, and collaboration among established surgeons and emerging professionals. These tools have become essential for surgeons and residents, enabling them to access evidence-based information, interactive learning platforms, and CME opportunities. Further patient-centered resources, such as mobile apps and websites, which enable patients to search for accredited surgeons, access detailed information about procedures, and receive guidance on postoperative care or revision strategies have been made available to patients. These resources empower patients to make informed decisions about their surgical options. In addition, it is important to mention humanitarian efforts of the reviewed organizations like AAFPRS, which offer programs such as F2F to provide pro bono surgical services to underserved populations. This demonstrates the commitment of these organizations to not only advance the field of facial surgery but also to contribute to society by helping patients who cannot afford surgical procedures. Without a doubt, there is a need for continuous innovation in educational tools and methods to meet the evolving demands of the next generation of surgeons. By leveraging technology, these organizations are breaking traditional barriers in medical education and ensuring that surgeons and residents have access to the most current information and techniques. This evolution is crucial for maintaining high standards of patient care and advancing the field of facial aesthetic/cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. By outlining the significant strides made by leading organizations in integrating modern technologies into their educational and professional development initiatives, the authors are aiming to underline the current trends in the education of the new generation of surgeons. The present article should serve as a valuable resource for understanding the current landscape of facial surgery education and the tools available to surgeons, residents, and patients (Figure 4).

Figure 4.

Surgery organizations’ offerings.

Conclusion

As the field of facial cosmetic surgery evolves, so do the leading organizations and their tools and approaches to reach a broader audience. The new generation of surgeons requires modern technologies and more interactive knowledge-acquisition methods. Podcasts, online tools such as e-libraries and mobile apps, interactive Continuing Education (CE) courses, as well as AI technologies, are taking facial cosmetic/aesthetic surgery to new dimensions and expanding the limitations of the past. Furthermore, structured mentorship programs and humanitarian initiatives foster collaboration and skill development among professionals. In light of the field’s advancement, the integration of modern technologies ensures the dissemination of up-to-date knowledge and supports the growth of the next generation of surgeons. This progression underscores the importance of documenting and understanding the historical and technological advancements in surgical education to further improve patient outcomes and professional expertise.

Footnotes

ORCID iDs

Nikoletta Vargas

Andrew Dullnig

Shohreh Ghasemi

Ethical Considerations

Informed consent/Consent to Publish – N/A. No human subjects are involved in this study.

Funding

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Declaration of Conflicting Interests

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Data Availability Statement

The author confirms that all data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and freely available on the Internet.

Disclaimer

The views expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not reflect official policies or positions of the US Government, the Department of Defense, or the Department of the Army. The study was not conducted in a military setting.

Author Biographies

Nikoletta Vargas, DMD, MS, PhD Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Andrew Dullnig, DMD, FACS Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Shohreh Ghasemi, DDS, MD, MSc, PhD Advisory Board, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.

Daria Hamrah, DMD, FAACS, FADSA Fellowship Director, Facial Cosmetic Surgery, NOVA SurgiCare, PC, Washington Hospital Center, McLean, VA, USA.

References

Vallo Hult

Abovarda

Master Östlund

Pålsson

. Digital learning strategies in residency education. Ann Med. 2025;57(1):2440630.

Jiang

Ting

DSW

, et al. Medical education and physician training in the era of artificial intelligence. Singapore Med J. 2024;65(3):159-166.

Vargas

Hamrah

Serra

MM.

Artificial intelligence technologies and mobile applications in cosmetic surgery: trends and recommendations. Am J Cosmet Surg. Published online February 24, 2025. doi:10.1177/07488068251320224

Hamrah

Eidson

Vargas

AI in facial cosmetic surgery: surgeon’s perspective summary. Am J Cosmet Surg. Published online October 7, 2025. doi:10.1177/07488068251343281

Handler

Tavassoli

Dhaliwal

Murray

Haiavy

A review of general cosmetic surgery training in fellowship programs offered by the American academy of cosmetic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73(4):580-586.

Dastoury

Haiavy

Petro

Ayewah

Cosmetic surgery: a subspecialty that needs specialized training and recognition. Am J Cosmet Surg. 2021;40(1):29-41.

Abraham

Rousso

, et al. Introduction of the American academy of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery FACE TO FACE database. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(5):1171-1174.

Chuang

Barnes

Wong

BJF

. Overview of facial plastic surgery and current developments. Surg J. 2016;2(1):e17-e28.

Mendelsohn

Hilger

The AAFPRS web site. Facial Plast Surg. 1999;15(2):149-152.

10.

Chen

Ver Halen

Basu

, et al. Young plastic surgeons forum member survey: part I. Investing in the future: attitudes toward the Plastic Surgery Foundation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134(2):343-350.

11.

Ver Halen

Chen

Jeffers

Basu

; ASPS Young Plastic Surgeons’ Steering Committee. Young plastic surgeons forum member survey: part II. advocacy in plastic surgery: opinions toward the ASPS and PlastyPAC. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134(2):353-360.

12.

Mills

Grotting

JC.

ASAPS presidents reflect on the aesthetic surgery journal’s 20 years of success. Aesthet Surg J. 2016;36(1):117-118.

13.

Aliu

Chung

KC.

Readability of ASPS and ASAPS educational web sites: an analysis of consumer impact. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(4):1271-1278.

14.

The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). Okla Nurse. 2012;57(1):18.

15.

Bruno

Zastrow

Covello

Hammer

The resident organization of the American association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons debt task force perspective on educational debt and the impact on the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77(2):235-237.

16.

The American college of oral maxillofacial surgeons 19th annual conference. 30 April-3 May 1998. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;36(6):468-475.

17.

Rosenlicht

JL.

A message from the American college of oral and maxillofacial surgeons president-elect, Joel L. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108(6):807.

18.

Doumit

Totonchi

Wexler

Gosain

AK.

American society of maxillofacial surgeons 2006 to 2016: another decade of excellence in education and research. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140(3):487e-494e.

19.

van Aalst

. Celebrating the 30th anniversary of the ASCFS and indexing for FACE. FACE. 2022;3(1):5-6.

20.

Charlson

Tsai

Yonkers

Tao

JP.

Diversity in the American society of ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(1):29-32.

21.

Shantha

Shulman

Gonzalez

Hink

Durairaj

VD.

American society of ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery fellowship survey: fellows selection criteria for training programs. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;29(6):428-430.

22.

Richmond

Aristizabal

Greywal

Gregoski

Almukhtar

Assessing gender diversity in American society for dermatologic surgery fellowship leadership: A 2013 to 2022 trend analysis. Dermatol Surg. 2024;50(12s):S187-S190.

23.

Waldman

Arndt

Avram

, et al. ASDS cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowship milestones. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(10):1164-1173.