Abstract
HISTORY/THEORY/ADMINISTRATION
10. Planning History
10-1 GENERAL HISTORY
40-9630
Anthropocene. earth fashion. Fashion. geohistory. geophilosophy. Global impacts.
This article stages a radical rethinking of the relation between fashion and the “geo.” Fashion studies, within and beyond geography, have largely articulated this relation through global modes of thought, which also deploy problematic concepts of capitalist progress, placing fashion within a linear and Eurocentric geohistory of modernization, industry and Anthropocene. Moreover, such approaches often maintain clear boundaries between humans and other earthly forces. We argue these tendencies must be undone if we are to comprehend that fashion operates beyond globalized industry and is a result of the earth’s lively and agentic matter(s) and forces, not just a producer of its waste and environmental impact. To achieve this, we rethink fashion in geohistorical and geophilosophical terms. By doing so, we show how to comprehend the complexity and contingency of divergent fashion geohistories beyond the Anthropocene and practice fashion “after progress,” where fashioning becomes capable of recognizing and expressing the contingency and precarity of earthly beings and things. Taken overall, this article appeals to geographers and fashion scholars to take both fashion and earth seriously as implicated matters of history, thought, and practice.
10-2 HISTORY OF PLANNING
40-9810
Biodiversity. brownfield. conservation efforts. planning system. sustainable development.
Protection and mitigation of biodiversity are essential within land-use planning; highlighted by the increased importance of nature during the global pandemic and the fight against climate change. Currently, the character of both the land and decision-makers can influence the weight biodiversity is ascribed within planning processes. Through analysis of semi-structured interviews, with various actors within the Northamptonshire planning system, this research explored the opportunities and challenges around promoting biodiversity across brownfield sites; the motivations for conservation by different planning actors; and what this means for the future of urban habitats on previously developed land. This research found that brownfield sites continue to be undervalued for their biodiversity potential, predominantly due to the downplaying of ecological expertise in decision-making. With England’s proposed planning reforms, this paper argues that tensions between brownfield redevelopment and biodiversity conservation stand to be further exacerbated as the government intends to “scythe through red tape” (Johnson Citation2020b).
40-9811
Emerging professionalisation. History of international community development networking. International and national partnerships. International Association for Community Development (IACD).
In 2003, I was honored to become the first British recipient of the Community Development Society’s International Community Development Award. This was presented in light of my work in setting up the new International Association for Community Development (IACD) in 1999 and, in forging the close partnership between IACD and the American Community Development Society (CDS). It marked five decades of my involvement in community development. The article reflects upon those five decades, but especially upon the work of the international association since 1999 and its links with CDS over that period. IACD grew out of two predecessor international networks, the International Society for Community Development (ISCD), and the Association Internationale pour le Développement Communautaire (AICD). I was a board member of AICD and then played the lead role in establishing IACD, serving as its Secretary General and later as President
40-9812
Community asset mapping. COVID-19 pandemic. natural assets. place attachment. subjective well-being.
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted patterns of daily life and use of community spaces. This study was completed in a municipality in the Greater Niagara Region, Ontario, to explore people-place relationships after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A greater proportion of individuals perceived the way in which they value community assets had changed since the onset of the pandemic. This was supported by pre- and post-pandemic data, which found that indoor community assets were valued less in 2021 than they were in 2019, whereas outdoor community assets were valued comparably. Two categories of community assets were found to contribute most to both place attachment and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Waterfront/beaches and recreational trails/pathways. These findings emphasize the integral role of outdoor community assets in community member’s place attachment and subjective wellbeing, which could guide future investment and community development in the municipality.
10-3 HISTORY OF CITIES AND REGIONS
40-9631
Architects. China. comparative study. professional identity. UK.
As transnational societal and professional imperatives continue to transform the professional identities of architects worldwide, architects in many localities have been unable to comprehend, much less align with, the multi-cultural norms that serve increasingly as terms of reference for navigating their practice. However, a diversified understanding of professional identity has yet to come forward. Post-war transitions from the 1950s constituted dramatic ideological changes that redefined the profession in both China and the UK, but in different ways. The globalizing trends of the 1990s then greatly impacted the identity of architects in both countries, accelerating the profession’s transformation. To elucidate these processes, this paper investigates transitions in architects’ professional statuses, through decline and revival, from the 1950s to the 1990s in the two countries. The historical reflection of this period provides a well-rounded understanding of the multiple faces in the professional identity of architects in each context. By applying Wenger’s three essential modes of belonging to a community of practice to a comparative analysis, this paper enriches the framework in exploring architects’ identity struggles considering the complex relationships between local and global, private and public, the real and the imagined, and the modern and the antimodern in different societies.
40-9632
Childrens play. local governance. paradigm shifts. path dependencies. risky play. urban development.
A reduction of urban space dedicated to outdoor play has occurred in recent decades, accompanied by a focus on risk reduction when planning for play. Experts increasingly argue in favor of risky play and enabling settings in the urban outdoors. In this paper we examine how risky play is enabled and constrained in two Dutch cities – frontrunners in this debate. Through analyzing path dependencies and institutional change, our qualitative case study (document analysis, expert interviews and focus group) demonstrates some early indicators of a paradigm shift, but also shows the complexity of planning for risky play in dense urban settings.
10-4 HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION
40-9633
academic staff. Academic workplace. office concepts. productivity. Workplace design.
The physical work environment can impact workers’ productivity, job satisfaction, health, and well-being. Workplace design has become a key strategic resource for many organizations and is also highly relevant to universities. The field of workplace design is expanding, but research focusing specifically on workplace design for academic staff is limited. This systematic literature review maps the current literature on workplace design for academic staff and analyses it according to a theoretical framework of office productivity, examining components of both the physical and behavioural environments. The review identified 32 relevant studies. This literature review examines various types of office designs and identifies several features that need particular attention. The results show that the most positive outcomes of more open office designs were increased interaction and more informal meetings, while the most negative outcomes were lack of privacy and noise disturbances. The workplace should facilitate both collaborative and individual work. While there is no universal solution to this issue, finding the right balance between the two is crucial, as it significantly impacts productivity, well-being and job satisfaction.
11. Concepts of Planning
11-1 APPROACHES (COMPREHENSIVE/STRATEGIC/COLLABORATIVE)
40-9634
community education. entrepreneurial mind-set. Ghana. self-help. young adults.
This paper draws on McGivney’s study of adult education for marginal groups, including unemployed young adults. The young unemployed adults in Ghana are growing in numbers; hence engaging them using the community education to foster entrepreneurial mind-sets is a means of addressing the unemployment problem. The formation of learning groups helps foster self-help and enhances the contributions of diverse synergies to community development and transformation. This qualitative case-study used young adults between the ages of 18 to 35 at Chorker, Accra, as the unit of analysis. Judgmental sampling techniques were adopted to sample fourteen (14) participants to participate in the study. They consist of 8 participants for in-depth interview and 6 participants comprising three (3) male and three (3) female formed focus group discussions. Data was analyzed using descriptive narrative and interpretivist approaches. The results indicate that the participants were empowered as they engaged in group learning to acquire skills in trades. The study recommends that young adults are motivated to engage in community education to foster entrepreneurial mind-set, innovate and exploit opportunities to make their communities more vibrant and sustainable.
40-9635
Architectural heritage. climate change. data-driven approach. indoor comfort. passive strategies. religious building.
According to the most recent climate projections, urban settings and historic centres will be affected by considerable increases in temperature extremes and heat waves as a result of climate change. For this reason, the issue of energy efficiency and indoor comfort in historic buildings has become a topic of major interest for the significant number of buildings in the national and European territories. The performance redevelopment of architectural heritage, particularly religious buildings, requires accurate design, through a careful assessment of the occupants’ needs and the historic building’s characteristics, to guarantee adequate levels of thermal comfort and ensure an indoor climate suitable for safeguarding the cultural asset. In this regard, the study investigates, through a data-driven approach and building performance analysis, the indoor comfort level of a religious building in the historical centre of Rome that presents phenomena of excessive indoor overheating. The objective is to identify passive cooling strategies, through the optimization of natural ventilation levels and reduction of surface temperatures of the envelope exposed to solar radiation, in order to propose different design scenarios. The results show how a data-driven process in a digital environment can significantly contribute to the identification of optimal and integrated design strategies and solutions.
40-9636
Co-creation. human-centred design. single case study. stakeholder engagement. theme-centred interaction (TCI). Urban design.
Urban design practices are shifting towards inclusive co-creation processes to engage diverse stakeholders and create sustainable spaces. This paper explores co-creation dynamics in urban design using the theme-centred interaction (TCI) model from the field of psychoanalysis. Through a single-case study, qualitative and quantitative methods, balanced co-creation strategies are highlighted, empowering individuals, facilitating open dialogue, defining shared objectives, and considering external factors. This research extends literature by applying the TCI model, offering a novel lens and insights for effective co-creation practices in urban design. It informs future investigations and enhances stakeholder engagement, emphasizing a holistic approach.
40-9637
Central Ohio. fuzzy logic. Logic approaches. many-valued logic. spatial recognition. vague regions.
Geographic regions are often vague or uncertain because they do not have clearly defined boundaries. The region referred to as Central Ohio, for example, is commonly recognized and referred to by people in the area around Columbus, Ohio. For places that are near Columbus, however, people are often indeterminate about whether they are in or out of the region. This article discusses the use of a suite of formal approaches known as many-valued logic in understanding and measuring the vagueness of regional terms such as Central Ohio. Instead of fixing places as being either in or out of the region, a many valued logic approach accepts other logic values such as indeterminate, both, and neither. An experiment was designed to ask people positive and negative questions about whether each one of sixty-seven selected Ohio cities was in or not in Central Ohio. We progressively analyze the experimental data, starting with a three-valued logic approach to identifying cities that are indeterminate when interviewees try to decide if they are in Central Ohio. Then four- and six-valued logic approaches are developed to further measure the indeterminacy. Finally, a fuzzy logic approach is used to quantify the degree of truth of any given location with respect to being in Central Ohio. Our results show that these formal approaches can be used to effectively unveil the characteristics of vague regional concepts. We also demonstrate how fuzzy logic can be used to conduct analysis such as estimating the population in a vague geographic region.
40-9813
jellyfish blooms. Mediterranean region. Pelagia noctiluca. Physalia physalis. random parameter logit model.
Recurrent jellyfish blooms in tourist areas have negative effects on coastal and national economies. We investigate how jellyfish presence affects holiday destination choice and how the adoption of mitigation measures can reduce impacts through analyzing tourists’ preferences. A Discrete Choice Experiment approach was adopted to assess tourists’ willingness to pay for different measures. Results indicate that in scenarios of increased jellyfish numbers, 24–40% of tourists might not choose to return to a destination affected by jellyfish. Results also indicate that the adoption of measures such as jellyfish information provision, warning flags, health service presence or the deployment of jellyfish exclusion nets could reduce the proportion of non-returning tourists by 66–83%. Regarding preferences, tourists are willing to pay higher amounts for measures that provide the highest protection. We conclude that the implementation of preventive management plans should be considered by coastal administrations to promote a sense of safety among tourists and residents alike.
40-9814
community empowerment. local support. structural equation modeling (SEM). sustainable tourism.
Sustainable development of tourism symbolizes a type of business activity that satisfies the requirements of both the tourists and the receiving communities. The paper aims to unearth the impact of community empowerment on the sustainable tourism development. Further, local support is incorporated as a mediating variable between the relationship of community empowerment and sustainable tourism development. For data collection, an onsite survey method is employed and the dataset of 368 respondents was analyzed to test the theoretical work. The fit of the framework is evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM confirms that all four hypotheses have a statistically significant relationship. The study findings indicate that community empowerment has a positive impact on local support and sustainable tourism development. Further, the study shows local support completely mediates the relationship between the two variables. There is a dearth of empirical research regarding the empowerment of the community, the paper findings will contribute a substantial part to the existing literature on sustainable tourism.
11-2 PLANNING THEORIES
40-9638
Africa. collaborative planning. human agency. Institutions. multi-scalar sites. structure-agency relations.
This commentary revisits Patsy Healey’s institutionalist approach to planning, distilling three lessons relevant to planning in African cities. These include examining structure-agency relations that redefine the public realm of planning, understanding process outcomes as human agency interacts with institutional structures, and establishing evaluation criteria for governance structures that support (or subvert) desired processes and outcomes. The insights illuminate the realities of planning in African contexts marked by multi-scalar sites of consensus, tensions, alliances, and asymmetric power relations. Further exploration is needed to understand how planners and communities exercise their agency to shape these structures and to what end.
40-9639
Architecture. grounded theory. perspectives. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE). professional practice.
The benefits of and barriers to post-occupancy evaluation (‘POE’) in industry are regularly described in the literature as relating to building performance and sustainable design. However, the perspectives of architects on the value of POE to design practices or processes are rarely included. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to address this gap, contributing Canadian practitioners’ perspectives to stagnate conversations on the lack of architects’ engagement with POE. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 practitioners from 20 different architecture firms across the country as well as 5 POE specialists working in academia and/or industry. The main finding of this study indicates that Canadian practitioners see theoretical value in POE; however, they are sceptical about its practical application and value to their design work in its present state. This has engendered disciplinary paralysis when it comes to embracing this research pathway and establishing their role in it. Further analysis indicates a need to improve the value proposition of POE in the industry with implications for researchers, architects, policymakers and professional organizations. This includes rebranding and rescoping POE, cultivating methodological richness, refocusing on the user experience, building safeguard mechanisms and building tolerance through precedent.
40-9640
child-friendly city. community planning. Korea. Participatory planning. planning process. road safety. three-step planning process.
This study conducted a participatory planning process with children and applied it to a case study aiming to improve road safety in a school zone in Busan, South Korea. The planning project was conducted with children in a three-step planning process: field work, solution and location proposals, and plan construction. During the participatory planning process, children presented various opinions based on their experiences and selected preferred solutions and locations. The results show that children can serve as key actors in community planning. Planners must reinterpret planning problems based on children’s characteristics to ensure their active participation.
40-9641
actor-network theory. collaborative planning. Low Emission Zones (LEZs). planning networks. socio-technical transitions. stakeholders.
Planning networks are the dominant instrument for collaborative planning scholars to describe distributed modes of social organization. This limited perspective cannot capture the diversity of collaboration forms that emerge in sociotechnical transitions. The paper proposes the actor-network concept as an alternative to assess which new forms of collaboration align planning with socio-technical transitions. Inspired by Actor-Network Theory (ANT), it traces controversies related to the model of implementing Low Emission Zones (LEZs) in Spain and elaborates a narrative showing how traditional planning actors reassembled into unexpected associations.
40-9642
civil society. collaborative planning. collaborative planning. Hong Kong. property market.
At the turn of the millennium, Hong Kong had a collaborative planning experiment inspired by Healey’s communicative planning approach. The executive-led government, facing challenges from the Asian financial crisis and a collapsed property market, had to halt harbour reclamation following a court ruling. Subsequently, the government agreed to a civil society initiative to establish a tripartite partnership involving public, private and civil society sectors to collaboratively re-design the Victoria Harbourfront. The experiment was short-lived because the political landscape quickly reinforced the dominant undemocratic governance culture. Nevertheless, it demonstrated that transformative changes are still possible in a top-down mode of governance.
40-9643
bureaucracy. control. normal accidents. power. self-organization. Systems approaches to planning.
I distinguish four systems approaches to urban planning with analytical foci on control, self-organization, power and normal accidents. I elaborate on the last of these approaches, noting its salience to a world in which statutory urban planning continues to expand but also to disappoint in its outcomes. This organizational systems approach speaks to normative questions of: whether urban planning could or should be reduced to project management; how smart smart city-related interests in complexity will be in practice; the limits of muddling through; and the contribution of intermediation and discretion to urban planning’s normal accidents.
40-9644
governance transformation. New institutionalism. social constructivism. social innovation. strategic spatial initiatives.
New Institutionalism was central to Healey’s reconceptualization of planning theory and practice. Healey developed an original synthesis of elements of urban political economy, social constructivism, Foucauldian power analysis, relational thinking, and new institutionalism that influenced the larger ‘institutional turn’ of the 1990s and 2000s in planning theory. This essay examines the role of institutionalism in Healey’s thought, asking: What role did new institutionalist concepts play in her reframing of planning theory? How did institutionalism contribute to the development of her ideas about collaborative planning, social innovation, institutional transformations, and strategic spatial initiatives? What was Healey’s contribution to broader NI debates?
40-9815
activation theory. Ghana. norms. Theory of Planned Behavior. waste separation.
The recent perennial spate of flooding in Ghana has over the years caused hemorrhagic loss to lives and properties. In view of the inundation phenomenon, issues of waste management have been shot into prominence. The key among dominant suggestions to counteracting the situation has essentially converged around waste separation, which is an under researched area in Ghana. Against this background, the research seeks to investigate household waste separation behavior using an integrated theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model as the theoretical framework. Data were drawn using the questionnaire survey method and further analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. The empirical results of data analysis drawn from 707 households confirmed a significant relationship between awareness of consequences and attitude, and subjective and personal norms. Subjective norm is significantly related to attitude and perceived behavior control. Moreover, attitude has a positive relationship with behavioral intention, whereas the relationship between perceived behavior control and behavioral intention is not significant. Finally, personal norm has a significant relationship with behavioral intention. The results also confirmed that the integrated model is useful and appropriate for predicting behavior. From the results, implications for pursuing and forging household waste separation behavior and suggestions for future research are outlined.
40-9816
Critical theories. cultural capital. cultural imperialism. pedagogy. postmodernism.
In this relatively informal commentary, I discuss the potentially helpful and harmful roles that postmodernism and critical theories have in academia in general and particularly in community development scholarship and pedagogy. After introducing postmodernism and critical theories as well as some of the common criticisms of these frameworks, I discuss the importance of cultural capital in community development and how postmodernism and critical theories can protect and maintain cultural capital as well as damage and diminish it. I also discuss the importance of ensuring students in community development courses understand these frameworks and understand that they are but some of the theories and skills students will need to know to be effective and ethical community development scholars and practitioners. The duty of educators is to ensure that students have the abilities and support to do the hard work of critically evaluating and analyzing all viable approaches to community development work.
40-9817
co-evolution. Community asset mapping. community development. interdisciplinary approach. Mapping. system analysis.
We argue a re-appraisal of asset mapping is needed based on revisiting the concept of assets. Asset mapping is useful for inter/trans-disciplinary work involving complex systems: organizations, administrations, governance systems, social-ecological systems, etc. Asset mapping can be an integrative method, allowing a combination of different disciplinary insights and knowledge types; co-defining what is valuable in and for a system. We propose a new version of asset mapping that combines contextual, iterative, and virtual asset mapping in different manners depending on the system and situation. The unpredictable character of co-evolution makes iterative asset mapping important, contextual asset mapping allows different delineations of relevant contexts, and virtual asset mapping entails recognizing assets in different futures, either scenario-based or as strategy options. We argue that this novel approach is particularly important for planning, in the broad sense, because it provides a bridging opportunity with other fields, connecting discourses and policy.
40-9818
accessibility. community wellbeing. environmental justice. public spaces. well-being.
This conceptual paper explores theoretical linkages between community well-being and key dimensions of public spaces (i.e., physical characteristics, technical experts, and communities). It draws on environmental justice literature and the Tripartite Framework to contextualize the concept of access to public spaces. The nexus between the key dimensions of public spaces and community well-being are explored by drawing on the Network Theory of Wellbeing. The main contribution of this paper is its merging of the aforementioned seminal work (i.e., Tripartite Framework and Network Theory of Wellbeing), two important bodies of scholarship that have yet to intersect but which offer a formidable platform to advance knowledge on how technical (e.g. planners), social (i.e. communities) and physical (e.g. built spaces like parks) dimensions of public space production can contribute to communal benefits derived from a public resource and community well-being. The applicability of the conceptual synthesis is illustrated through the discussion of specific examples in Maryvale.
40-9819
automobile recall for environmental defects. perceived environmental benefit. perceived environmental responsibility. perceived personal benefit. perceived personal cost. Theory of Planned Behavior.
Consumers’ participation in automobile recalls for environmental defects (ARED) can enhance the recall’s completion rate, reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, and improve air quality. This study investigates consumers’ intention to participate in ARED on the basis of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and extends it by adding the constructs of perceived environmental benefits, personal benefits, and personal costs. A total of 628 respondents participated in the online questionnaire survey, and a structural equation model was adopted to analyze the collected data. Results show that perceived behavioral control and positive attitude toward participating in ARED positively affect consumers’ participation intention. Attitude is mainly explained by perceived environmental benefits, whereas subjective norm is mainly explained by perceived environmental and personal benefits. On the basis of these results, we provide some implications to motivate consumers to participate in ARED.
40-9820
ecological compensation. Ecological Compensation Gambling Agreement (ECGA). propensity score matching and difference-in-difference (PSM-DID) model. technological progress.
The Xin’an River ecological compensation mechanism is China’s first horizontal compensation mechanism to improve the ecological environment of the downstream areas and increase the fiscal revenues of the upstream areas. Although the amount invested in the program is increasing every year, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of the program. Based on the Levinsohn–Petrin method and a comprehensive dataset of Chinese industrial companies from 2009 to 2015, we employed the k-nearest neighbor propensity score matching–difference-in-difference (PSM-DID) to explore the impact of the Xin’an River Ecological Compensation Gambling Agreement (ECGA) on company technological progress and its drive mechanism. The empirical results show that ECGA inhibits the technological progress of upstream industrial companies and has more pronounced inhibitory effects for heavy-polluting companies. ECGA indirectly inhibits the technological progress in upstream companies by affecting profitability, scale, human capital, foreign direct investment, and management efficiency.
40-9821
Attachment theory. community attachment. community development. dark side theory. place attachment.
This study explores the “dark” aspects of residents’ place attachment within an ethnically diverse neighborhood from a community development perspective. Using qualitative interviews, the study investigates residents’ perceptions of place and community attachment in a neighborhood in Jerusalem undergoing demographic changes. The findings revealed that feelings for the place and community were reflected in three different patterns of attachment: positive, negative/ambivalent, and avoidant. A relationship was found between the pattern of place attachment, residents’ responses to changes in their secure base, and the coping strategies they perceived as available in response to demographic changes in their neighborhood. This study highlights the need for researchers and community development proffesionals to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to address social tensions in diverse neigborhoods and to consider the darker aspects of place and community attachment. This knowledge can inform strategies for fostering more inclusive and harmonious communities in the face of demographic changes.
11-3 ETHICS AND VALUES
40-9645
capacity-building programming. community-based housing. Eviction prevention. housing affordability. self-reported stress. tenant education.
This study demonstrates the value, and limitations, of an educational workshop which aimed to reduce residential displacement by educating low-income tenants about their rights. We show that The Eviction Prevention Workshop had a strong positive effect on participants’ understanding of their rights and awareness of available legal resources and mixed effects on tenants’ self-reported stress. We argue that capacity-building programming should be part of displacement prevention efforts because it improves tenants’ understanding of legal processes, knowledge of how to respond to housing crises, and what resources to pursue, and communicates this information upstream from crises that lead to housing loss. Because low-income tenants’ rights are very limited, information about tenant empowerment through advocacy is a critical part of the intervention. Successful tenant education programs should model the outreach approach used for the Eviction Prevention Workshop, which relied on trusted community-based organizations to register members of highly disadvantaged communities. Encouraging attendance at the workshops was a challenge, and we suggest ways it could be increased.
40-9822
community capital framework. cultural capital. International Aid. international development. Save the children.
This review discusses the book Saving the Children: Humanitarianism, Internationalism, and Empire by Emily Baughan. In the book, Baughan documents and discusses the first 100 years of the Save the Children Fund, which was established in the United Kingdom in 1919. In this article, I review the book in the context of the Community Capitals Framework, paying particular attention to the importance of cultural capital. One of the major shortcomings of Save the Children was the willful ignorance of and, at times, the purposeful destruction and elimination of the cultural capital of the communities, families, and youth they were serving. I discuss the consequences of ignoring and damaging cultural capital and provide examples of how, rather than being only a historical problem of large and complex organizations such as Save the Children, some current scholars and practitioners continue to neglect and harm cultural capital in their own community development work.
11-4 PLANNING EDUCATION
40-9646
building function. Building performance. Educational buildings. Indoor Environment Quality. thermal comfort survey.
Any building creates a unique micro-environment. Educational buildings tend to offer a wide range of purposes, with more operational functions than most other buildings. This paper focuses on the occupant’s experiences of Indoor Thermal Comfort (TC) in educational buildings in Auckland, New Zealand. The TC can impact the occupant’s experience and thus affects student learning. This survey-based study examines users’ experience of the educational building’s comfort levels. The collected data from educational building users (n = 109) was analysed to evaluate the relationship between the perceived experience and the building’s function. The key findings of the survey were: (a) Identifying TC as the most significant factor that directly impacts the occupants’ mood or mental state, even when compared to more cognitive factors; (b) Identifying the lecture room as the most critical space for occupants’ thermal perception; and (c) the deviation between the preferred and experienced mental state, in the selected campus were relatively matching. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of educational buildings by quantifying the impact of TC on the occupant’s experience.
40-9647
community development corporations. community schools. community-based organizations. neighborhoods. public education.
This article uses the case of Baltimore’s 21st Century School Buildings Program (21CSBP) to investigate the potential of leveraging a school facilities investment for community development. We find that school facilities investments have the potential to catalyze community development along four domains: social, institutional, economic, and physical. However, existing market conditions and community trust and social cohesion can facilitate or constrain whether and how schools catalyze community development. Leveraging school building investments for community development hinges on a clear vision and staff capacity for implementation. Finally, definitional, geographic, and jurisdictional divides between school districts and city agencies can complicate the potential for cross-sector connections at the neighborhood level. Our findings underscore the possibilities of school facilities investments and community schools for supporting community development and affirm the deep-seeded challenges that stakeholders face to work as collective stewards of a shared social agenda for school and neighborhood change.
40-9648
card-sorting. education reform. Learning space. rural primary schools. student-centred design. UNSDG4.
This study investigated the design preferences of rural primary school students with regard to learning spaces in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China, focusing on spatial layout, physical attributes, technology and furniture arrangements. The research aimed to identify the critical needs of rural schools and students, especially in the context of China’s education reform strategy. A combination of a tailored card-sorting activity and semi-structured interviews, specifically suited to the cognitive levels of primary school students, were used to gather data from 36 students across six grades in three case study schools. Findings revealed that students prefer flexible spaces equipped with modern technology and ergonomic furniture. Lower-grade primary school students favoured colourful, interactive spaces, while upper-grade primary students preferred more personalized learning and social spaces with advanced technology. The study emphasizes the need for future rural schools designs to incorporate updated technology and flexible furniture configurations to support the evolving teaching and learning methods. These findings also provide practical guidance for architects, educators and policymakers involved in the renewal and retrofitting projects of rural school buildings in China in the development of learning spaces aligned with Chinese education reforms and UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4).
40-9649
Community-based scholarship. decolonial planning. Engagement. ethics of care. pluriversal planning. pluriverse. Southern-turn.
Planning has a long history of community-based scholarship, mainly drawing from the Global North, but emerging work from southern and southeastern contexts advocates for new paradigms in both theory and practice. Drawing from interviews and discussions with early, mid-career, and senior scholars, this article builds on our concept of ‘pluriversal planning scholarship,’ highlighting the importance of relationships and embodied practices with participants as key methodological approaches. They also consistently negotiate the university’s duality as advancing coloniality while providing opportunities to think and do otherwise. Finally, the article addresses the challenges faced by scholars in academia as they pursue this work.
40-9650
equitable development. fiscal impact. incentives. public education. taxes.
In the U.S., local property taxes fund public education more than any other source, but the revenue cost of property tax abatements for school districts has long eluded capture. This paper finds that at least $2.4 billion was diverted in 2019 to fund tax incentives from just the small percentage of school districts that disclosed out of the 10,370 financial statements reviewed. School board authority in the award process is limited or absent in most cases. Given the cost-inefficiency and cost-ineffectiveness of many awards, the long period of time before profits come in, and the critical need for closing the funding gap in public education, more judicious use of tax incentives is called for. Specifically, we recommend that all states establish independent agencies for reviewing incented projects regularly and rigorously, impose benefit reduction or clawback on underlivering recipients, enable institutions for multiscalar collective action, and maintain oversight of tax abatement reporting by local governments.
40-9823
Community Development Education curriculum. education. pedagogy. Rural community. urban growth.
The growing discipline of Community Development plays a vital role in addressing urban and rural community issues within the United States, and globally. Still, as Hains et al. pointed out in their 2020 article, there continues to be no consistent education or pedagogical practices available for future Community Development practitioners during students’ higher education experience. Thus, researchers conducted a modified Delphi study with an expert panel of Community Development educators from institutions of higher education across the United States. Upon culmination of three examining rounds, experts achieved consensus on 21 skills, 14 knowledge constructs and 17 values deemed essential for inclusion in Community Development Education curriculum in higher education. Ideally, including these constructs in a more coherent CD Education curriculum will lead to more consistently and effectively trained future Community Development practitioners. Implications, field application and future research are further discussed.
40-9824
asset based community development. Autoethnography. community engagement. preservice teacher education.
Studies of community engagement in preservice teacher education include quality field experiences and the development of cultural competencies. However, fewer scholarly conversations focus on rural preservice teacher education programs, and even fewer tackle the issue of quality field experiences that help develop preservice teachers’ cultural competencies. Utilizing autoethnographic research methods, this study highlights how the tenets of asset based community development (ABCD) were integrated into an education course. Findings highlight the limitations of ABCD, students’ responses to the tenets, and the community’s responses to diversity efforts. In addition, this study highlights assets and networks that supported students’ learning of diverse literature within the rural community. Implications for preservice teacher education, problematizing the limits of ABCD, and continued studies of ABCD using autoethnographic methods.
40-9825
Autoethnography. BIPOC faculty. social justice. stakeholders. university–community partnerships.
This paper examines three university-community partnership (UCP) projects. Two projects were situated within a Southeastern, lower-income Black community, where the university recently developed a campus, to anchor an education ecosystem. The third project was affiliated with a Northeastern university that is seen as an anchor for the community, within its city limits. The projects and participants were examined not to reveal empirical findings. Still, they were used as a lens that guided the authors’ reflections as agents of color working in UCPs. Utilizing critical autoethnographic narratives, we discuss our motivations for social justice-oriented, engaged work. We also illuminate the real opportunities and challenges in fostering UCPs. We further examine how equity was integrated within the projects by using counterexamples of the common discourses of engagement, which we ultimately identified as a necessary resistance to collaborate within communities authentically. We conclude with a framework to center community stakeholders in UCPs.
11-5 APPLICATIONS/TECHNIQUES
40-9651
cartography. cost-effectiveness. counterterrorism. drones. geoeconomics. neoliberalism.
This article examines the cartographic discourses underpinning the shift in U.S. counterterrorism strategy from high-footprint military interventions to low-footprint drone strikes. It argues that both approaches are shaped by neoliberal rationalities, despite their differences in scale and geography. High-footprint interventions were driven by discourses linking urban centers to processes of globalization, envisioning cities as critical nodes for integrating disconnected regions into the global neoliberal order. By contrast, low-footprint drone interventions focus on peripheral, remote spaces deemed lawless and disconnected, enabling surgical, cost-effective actions. Through a comparative analysis of political speeches, military publications, corporate advertisements, and cartographic materials, the article identifies continuities in the neoliberal logics that frame these military strategies. The findings reveal that drones operate within experimental, exceptional spaces, transforming these areas into testing and proving grounds for governance and innovation technologies. The article concludes with a discussion of the boomerang effect, showing how neoliberal interventions in peripheral spaces are increasingly reflected back in normal political space, reinforcing the idea that these experimental zones serve not only as sites of intervention but also as spaces for testing governance models that later influence core geopolitical strategies. By highlighting the neoliberal underpinnings of both intervention styles, this study challenges claims that the turn to drone warfare signals a retreat from globalization dynamics.
40-9652
Eviction. gentrification. logistics. Low-income housing. mediation effect model. neighborhoods. preterm birth.
Neighborhood inequality contributes to the persistent racial disparity in preterm birth in the United States. Gentrification has received increasing attention in public health literature as a neighborhood change process rooted in inequality. However, current research in this area has produced mixed results. One study found that living in gentrifying neighborhoods increases the risk of preterm birth for Black women. However, another found a protective effect. The purpose of this study was to reconcile these findings by using a robust measure of gentrification and exploring the mediating role of displacement in the relationship. The study used multilevel logistic regression to examine the association between gentrification and preterm birth and mediation analysis to assess the role of neighborhood-level eviction filing rates. The results suggest that residing in low-income neighborhoods with advanced gentrification is associated with lower odds of preterm birth compared to neighborhoods at risk of gentrification. This relationship is mediated by eviction filing rates. The study concludes that neighborhoods undergoing advanced gentrification are “healthier” for Black infants in part because of increased direct displacement in neighborhoods at risk of gentrification.
40-9653
geographical scholarship. Giorgio Agamben. migration. scholarship. the example. the exception. the sovereign.
Giorgio Agamben’s theorization of the exception marks a shift in geographical scholarship and other social sciences. I argue, however, that although equally crucial, the example remains a surprisingly understudied phenomenon even though Agamben views it as the symmetrical opposite of the exception. I thus push forward Agamben’s theorization of the sovereign not only through a reading of the exception but also the example. The provocation of the article, and its key contribution to knowledge, is to step back from the point where Agamben positions these two as indistinguishable and to clearly distinguish between them—simultaneously marking a shift in the current scholarship of the exception by bringing the example in. To achieve this, I present two cases from Bangladesh and Finland that demonstrate how one sovereign’s exception might be depicted as an example by another, and how both the exception and the example can coexist within the same system. Finally, I highlight the importance of reading the sovereign through the figures of both a homo sacer and a homo exemplar because the sovereign’s power is manifested not only via the production of a state of exception but also equally through the creation of a state of example.
40-9654
cognition. cognitive bias. heuristic strategies. New York City (NYC). participatory planning. Planning judgment.
Planning Theory has explored practical reasoning for decades. Here, we argue that heuristics represent theoretical models of practical reasoning enabling researchers to extend that ongoing work. We highlight how heuristics characterize judgments in planning by describing two examples from a planning process in New York State. Analysis of planning meetings suggests how heuristics may be observed in deliberations between participants. We discuss the implications of these observations for planning theory and practice and argue that heuristics, as reportable instances of planning judgment, enable a different form of reflection for planners.
40-9655
design analysis. innovation. interviews. Multi-storey timber buildings. timber construction.
This article examines innovation trajectories in multi-storey timber design and construction in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) and the factors influencing them. The DACH region is at the forefront of timber innovation due to long-standing traditions in carpentry and timber construction, the development of pioneering products and projects, and the availability of fabrication facilities and wood resources. Combining an architectural design survey of 99 multi-storey buildings and the related timber building systems, an actor-networks analysis, and stakeholder interviews, the paper identifies three innovation trajectories: (1) standard innovation, (2) incremental innovation, and (3) pioneering innovation in timber construction. The results show the growth and prevalence of the incremental innovation trajectory across DACH due to the relatively low, efficiency-driven levels of digitalization in practice and an overwhelming variety of timber products as the main barriers to the wider adoption of the other trajectories.
40-9656
homeland. Kurdish Freedom Movement. Kurdistan. relational space. spatiality.
This article explores the critical issue of the spatiality of homeland, as emerging from foundational texts and personal accounts of members of the Kurdish Freedom Movement (KFM). The notion of homeland sits at the center of the interweaving of place and identity, but it often suffers from silent statism, which emphasizes a cartographic approach and a definition of homeland space in absolute terms. By connecting work in cultural and political geography on homeland with feminist geopolitical scholarship and poststatist epistemologies, this article frames the Kurdish homeland as a political project, of which spatiality must be understood in relational terms. It supports this argument by exploring four key elements of the KFM project: autonomy, women’s liberation, ecology, and self-defense.
40-9657
homeland. Kurdish Freedom Movement. Kurdistan. relational space. spatiality.
This article explores the critical issue of the spatiality of homeland, as emerging from foundational texts and personal accounts of members of the Kurdish Freedom Movement (KFM). The notion of homeland sits at the center of the interweaving of place and identity, but it often suffers from silent statism, which emphasizes a cartographic approach and a definition of homeland space in absolute terms. By connecting work in cultural and political geography on homeland with feminist geopolitical scholarship and poststatist epistemologies, this article frames the Kurdish homeland as a political project, of which spatiality must be understood in relational terms. It supports this argument by exploring four key elements of the KFM project: autonomy, women’s liberation, ecology, and self-defense.
40-9826
forest fire risk mapping (FFRM). fuzzy hybrid method. geoinformation. Iran. Zagros forests.
Forest fires are a multidimensional phenomenon that affects many parts of the world, including the Zagros region of Iran. They are often caused by various factors that can have natural-, anthropogenic-, or combined origins. Considering the significant environmental and socio-economic impacts of forest fires, it is essential to take necessary measures to identify the areas that are prone to forest fires and develop plans and policies for crisis management and risk mitigation accordingly. In this study, we applied an integrated geoinformation (remote sensing and GIScience) approach to analyze and map forest fire risk in Gachsaran, Iran, which is highly prone to forest fires. For the forest fire risk mapping (FFRM), we employed a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis method in combination with fuzzy and analytical network process (ANP) methods to identify the forest areas with a high fire risk. To distinguish the vulnerable sites, we employed 13 independent variables encompassing geomorphological factors, land surface characteristics, climatological factors, and anthropological factors. To develop initial criteria maps, we determined the criteria weights using the ANP and used the fuzzy technique for standardization. Finally, the forest fire risk map was produced using the multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network. Our results were also validated against the historical forest fire data using the operating characteristics. Our results showed that 18.417% of the province is subject to a very high forest fire risk. These are areas that should be prioritized when designing precautionary and protective measures. Among the criteria examined in this study, the land surface temperature, soil moisture, and distance from historical forest fire sites received the highest scores in the ANP. The results of this study can be used to identify vulnerable areas, take appropriate planning measures to deal with forest fire risk, and make informed decisions regarding the allocation of facilities in high-risk areas.
40-9827
community engagement. Mathematics. Mentoring. Prepare2Nspire (P2N). urban education.
Prepare2Nspire (P2N) is a near-peer mentoring and tutoring program dedicated to creating dynamic mathematical experiences for urban learners. P2N’s mission is multi-fold. The program acts as an extracurricular outlet for in-school mathematics learning, providing students of color with social support from adult mentors. Additionally, P2N aligns education and community development by focusing on social and institutional improvements in the host neighborhood. This paper used case study methodology to examine African American male mentoring relationships at P2N. Through a mentoring and tutoring approach, middle school participants related to adult mentors through shared lived experiences, essential norms were enforced within the learning community, and emphasis was given to team collaboration. Moving forward, P2N will continue to promote African American male mentorship to disrupt deficit-based perspectives and increase social and academic motivations of African American youth.
40-9828
Bhattacharyya’s theory. community development. Community Leadership. Foundational Phases. Solidarity Capacity Agency.
The field of community development is exponentially growing in both education and practice. Of the notable theories referenced in community development, Bhattacharyya’s theory on Solidarity and Agency remains one of the most cited works among researchers. This article presents a conceptual model named The Foundational Phases for Community Development which can act as a guide for community development leadership and education across a range of community types including communities of place, interest, practice, and identity. The Foundational Phases for Community Development model accepts Bhattacharyya’s concepts of solidarity and agency along with the addition of “capacity” as an essential goal within the community development process. Moreover, this model transforms these goals into three interconnected sequential phases made up of specific activities and strategies that can be replicated by various forms of community development leaders to address issues and meet the objectives of communities of varying complexity.
40-9829
citizenship. leadership. moral reflectiveness. Mortality. Organizational Development. social identity theory.
Through applying social information processing theory and social identity theory, we propose that employees’ moral reflectiveness mediates the relationship between environmentally specific transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. Further, we tested the moderating effect of leader group prototypicality on the relationship between environmentally specific transformational leadership and subsequent moral reflectiveness. We examined the hypothesized relationships using data collected in China from 194 employees. The findings demonstrated that environmentally specific transformational leadership positively predicts employee organizational citizenship behavior for the environment, and moral reflectiveness mediates this relationship. Further, leader group prototypicality strengthens the positive relationship between environmentally specific transformational leadership and subsequent moral reflectiveness. This study extends the understanding of environmentally specific transformational leadership in the context of manufacturing companies and has practical implications to help employees accelerate their organizational citizenship behavior for the environment.
40-9830
accuracy. influencing factor. meta-analysis. recycling behavior. Theory of Planned Behavior.
In this paper, meta-analysis was carried out to explore the influence of socio-economics, research design, theoretical construction, and measurement factors on the five paths among the elements of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The findings suggested that (i) subjective norm shows relatively poor explanatory efficacy due to narrow measurement range; (ii) perceived behavioral control shows the lowest explanatory efficacy because of missing the measurement of perceived control; (iii) there are too few items to measure the recycling intention, making the measurement inaccurate in reflecting participants’ psychological performance; (iv) the application accuracy of TPB increases with the sample size, which should be no less than 600; (v) introducing additional variables degrades the application accuracy of TPB in most cases due to their high correlation with standard elements; and (vi) research time, local economic level, participant’s characteristics, and waste type also affect the application accuracy. Finally, improvement suggestions were also provided.
40-9831
green management practices. organizational motives. stakeholder theory. structural equation modeling (SEM).
Due to growing consciousness and pressure from concerned stakeholders, organizations have started to prioritize green management practices (GMP); however, little is known about the critical role of organizational motives (OM) for achieving GMP. Following the stakeholder theory, this study intends to examine the relationship between stakeholders’ pressure (STP), organizational motives (OM), and GMP in an encompassing model. Three hundred and eight responses were collected from the Pakistani manufacturing industry, and hypotheses were confirmed employing structural equation modeling (SEM). Empirical results indicate that primary and secondary stakeholders’ pressure has a substantial effect on OM. Further, each motive, such as instrumental, relational, and moral, substantially impacts GMP. Besides, OM has been found to partially mediate the relationship. Importance-performance analysis specified that the importance and performance values of STP are higher than OM for GMP. The conclusion emphasizes the essential role that STP can play in realizing GMP in manufacturing industries through OM. These novel findings suggest worthy insights for managerial staff and policymakers on enhancing GMP adoption through OM in emerging economies.
40-9832
Boundary spanning. community college leadership. cosmopolitanism. disaster capitalism. narrative analysis. town and gown.
This comparative case study explored the orientation and messaging patterns of the public narratives of and about an urban community college and neighboring research university during the emergence and peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were gathered from two sources: 1) a set of press pieces specific to the pandemic community leadership (PCL) of the community college and research university that were released between March 2020 and April 2022 (N = 257), and 2) semi-structured interviews with a sample of 15 local community stakeholders. Data revealed diametric public narratives with the community college’s being unassuming and community centric and the university’s being assertive and organization centric. Despite maintaining an unassuming PCL narrative, the community college was perceived more favorably by community stakeholders than the university. We consider this outcome in the contexts of prosocial commitments and exploitative strategies (i.e., disaster capitalism). Recommendations for both practice and research are provided to include positioning community developers and scholars in the role of community narrative stewards.
11-6 NEGOTIATION/MEDIATION/DISPUTE RESOLUTION
40-9658
COVID-19 pandemic. difference-in-difference (DID) model. Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA). Eviction prevention. households. Virginia Eviction Reduction Pilot (VERP) program.
Eviction prevention policies are often crafted to focus on either an upstream approach, prior to households interacting with eviction court, or a downstream approach, once the court process has begun and when households are in an acute housing crisis. This paper examines one such upstream approach, the Virginia Eviction Reduction Pilot (VERP) program, implemented in a first phase from 2021 to 2022 in the context of statewide Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA) and state and federal tenant protections. The paper uses a difference-in-differences approach to measure the effect of VERP on filings and judgments in areas served by the program and in-depth interviews with program staff to elucidate how VERP functioned as an upstream eviction prevention program during a volatile policy landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic. While we find no statistically significant effect of VERP on filings and judgments, we triangulate interview data to detail how VERP functioned in a rapidly changing policy environment to stabilize households by leveraging ERA funds. We find that the end of COVID eviction policies like ERA placed increasing pressure on VERP to fill a void it was not designed to address, and so effectively implementing upstream policies requires consistent and robust downstream assistance.
40-9833
anti-domestic violence training. black communities. community-based intervention. domestic violence. intimate partner violence.
This paper reports on the findings of a policy feasibility study. The study examined the feasibility of mandatory anti-domestic violence training legislation for Black communities in Virginia. The study used a mixed-method approach, incorporating surveys of 33 hairstylists and interviews with three key stakeholders. The results revealed that hairstylists are receptive to anti-domestic violence training and perceive themselves as valuable resources for addressing domestic violence. However, participants cautioned against making training compulsory. The study also found that Virginia legislators would likely support mandating anti-domestic violence training for hair professionals. The study concludes that there is value in adopting incentivized and easily accessible anti-domestic violence training laws for Virginia hair professionals. This study presents numerous implications, such as the need for further research to explore the impact of engaging hairstylists and other community leaders in domestic violence intervention efforts.
40-9834
accumulation. Asset accumulation. Chegutu district. poor households. nongovernmental organization (NGOs). poverty.
The study explored NGOs’ strategies toward asset accumulation and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe using a case study of three NGOs in the Chegutu District. Despite several NGOs operating in the Chegutu District, asset problems are conspicuously reflected by income struggles, school children dropping out of school and the social exclusion of the communities. Thus, the study analyzed the role of NGOs in asset accumulation and the relationship between asset accumulation and poverty reduction. It emerged that NGOs are using ISALS, nutritional gardens, service provision, income-generating activities (IGAs) and vocational training (VT) to engender the accumulation of financial, social, physical and human assets. As households accumulate sufficient levels of financial assets through interventions like ISALS, VT and nutritional gardens, there is improved social wellbeing, shedding light on the nexus between asset accumulation and poverty reduction. The study was qualitative in nature with data collected through the use of in-depth interviews and FGDs.
11-7 CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
40-9835
COVID-19 pandemic. Importance of organizational volunteer retention. nonprofit community leaders. organization volunteer communication. Volunteers.
We used the online survey method to explore the relationship between the importance of volunteer retention during the COVID-19 pandemic and organizational volunteer communication practices among nonprofit organizations’ leaders of local communities. The target population for our study was 696 nonprofit organizational leaders. The response rate was 10.6%. Organizational volunteer communication practices explain 63% of the importance of organizational volunteer retention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, organizations placed significant value on effective organizational communication practices, especially in developing trusting relationships with volunteers, encouraging free-flowing communication, and listening to volunteers. Outreach educators and volunteer administrators should educate local nonprofit leaders on effective communication practices during times of uncertainty. Organizations that depend heavily on volunteers must ensure that their leaders understand the importance of communication strategies and implement them effectively. For local community nonprofit leaders, organizational volunteer communication skills are even more crucial during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
40-9836
COVID-19 pandemic. Importance of organizational volunteer retention. nonprofit community leaders. organization volunteer communication. Volunteers.
We used the online survey method to explore the relationship between the importance of volunteer retention during the COVID-19 pandemic and organizational volunteer communication practices among nonprofit organizations’ leaders of local communities. The target population for our study was 696 nonprofit organizational leaders. The response rate was 10.6%. Organizational volunteer communication practices explain 63% of the importance of organizational volunteer retention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, organizations placed significant value on effective organizational communication practices, especially in developing trusting relationships with volunteers, encouraging free-flowing communication, and listening to volunteers. Outreach educators and volunteer administrators should educate local nonprofit leaders on effective communication practices during times of uncertainty. Organizations that depend heavily on volunteers must ensure that their leaders understand the importance of communication strategies and implement them effectively. For local community nonprofit leaders, organizational volunteer communication skills are even more crucial during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
40-9837
conflicts. cultural tension. public participation. social responsibility. stakeholder.
Public participation in public infrastructure megaprojects (PIMs) is ineffective, and research on the issues of informal institutions’ influence on stakeholders is limited. The present study answered how informal institutions influence the practices of public participation while conflicts occur among stakeholders. Two PIMs in China were used as case studies to investigate the effects of informal institutions. The paper suggests that the adversarial relationships among stakeholders can be reconciled by recognizing that informal institutions encompass the social responsibility of PIMs (SR-PIMs) and culture. Results also showed that effective public participation entails the fulfillment of SR-PIMs by responsible behaviors of stakeholders and the positive effect of cultural tension, enabling participatory awareness of stakeholders. This study improves understanding of how to mobilize stakeholders in practice with responsible behaviors to reach a consensus.
12. Policy and Planning Administration
12-1 AGENCY DECISION MAKING
40-9838
Ad Hoc Committees. comprehensive planning. inclusion. participation. planning process. representation.
Planning processes often involve one or more ad hoc committees representing diverse communities and interests. However, in-depth analyses of planners’ efforts to achieve better representation have rarely been conducted in the scholarly literature. This study examines three key aspects of ad hoc committee practices in the U.S., including formation, specific roles, and influencing factors, by analyzing comprehensive planning processes that received the Daniel Burnham Award from the American Planning Association between 2014 and 2022. Through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 14 planners, we identify various approaches and considerations, linking them to theories of participation and inclusion in planning.
12-3 FISCAL PLANNING/BUDGETING
40-9659
architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). artificial neural network (ANN). digital competence. digital readiness. Digital technology (DT). partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).
To what extent does a firm’s digital readiness influence its competence in implementing digital initiatives? This study employs a deep-learning-based dual-stage approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to demonstrate and quantify this relationship. Data were sourced from a questionnaire survey involving 428 architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) firms in New Zealand. The PLS-SEM analysis confirmed the positive correlation between the digital readiness of an organization and its competence towards seven types of DT, including immersive technologies, sensing technology, robotics, 3D printing, digital fabrication, artificial intelligence and big data. The ANN analysis further quantified the importance of the investigated readiness indicators in influencing digital competence. The results highlighted four most significant readiness attributes influencing the digital competence of AEC firms: (1) organizational culture, (2) perception of the leadership team, (3) hardware & software systems and (4) strategy plans. The findings can serve as a baseline for developing effective change management strategies and contribute to reducing the digital divide within AEC organizations, facilitating the effectiveness of organizational digital transformation.
12-4 POLICY ANALYSIS
40-9660
behavioral–attitudinal dissonance. cognitive and structural social capital. community facilities. Korea. public rental housing. self-selection bias. social capital.
This study analyzed the relationship between the use of community facilities and social capital in public rental housing complexes in Seoul, Korea. Since built environment research is particularly vulnerable to self-selection bias resulting from attitudes toward neighborly interactions, the behavioral–attitudinal dissonance method was used to assess whether the use of community facilities independently affects social capital, considering the cognitive and structural dimensions of social capital and types of public rental housing to account for socioeconomic diversity. The findings showed that community facility usage positively influences social capital formation among public rental housing residents, primarily those with a positive attitude toward neighborly interactions. Furthermore, community facility usage has a more pronounced effect on forming close neighborhoods compared with other elements of social capital. Finally, community facility usage had less impact on social capital formation among residents of socially mixed public rental housing compared with independent public rental housing.
40-9661
educational equity. growth machine. tax abatements. urban education.
The following case study explores the durability of conflict between urban growth machine policies, public-school finance, and educational equity in Columbus, OH. The City of Columbus is one of the fastest growing cities in the Midwest, but it’s largest urban public school district (Columbus City Schools) has grown smaller, more segregated, and poorer. Historical development policies enabled the city’s growth but undermined the school district. Contemporary conflict has emerged related to the impact of tax abatement programs on public school funding. Our Franklin county analysis suggests previous statewide estimates of public schools revenues lost to abatements were underestimated. Analysis of the relationship between abatements and school finances for all public-school districts in Franklin County finds a weak relationship with per pupil spending, but a strong relationship with district demographics and classroom expenditures. Our case analysis suggests planners should focus greater attention on the intersection of economic development policy and public schools.
40-9839
COVID-19 pandemic. outdoor recreation management. policy implications. Sweden.
This paper reports results from three studies concerning outdoor recreation participation and trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. The studies, undertaken at national, regional and local levels, used surveys, interviews and PPGIS approaches, to build a solid knowledge base. Results are analyzed with particular attention given to management and policy implications based on the following observations: increased outdoor recreation participation, changes in lifestyle and routines, new visitor profiles and activity trends, spatial changes, visitor displacement, spatial redistribution, and indications of post-pandemic outdoor recreation behavior. The Swedish case is of special interest because of high accessibility to nature areas and few restrictions to recreate in nature due to the pandemic. Hence, this study could serve as a reference for other countries with more COVID-19 related restrictions and less accessible nature for recreation.
40-9840
Cameroon. compliance determinants. determinants. NTFPs. sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Scholarly and policy interest on endogenous cultural institutions (ECIs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is gaining traction, albeit with a lack of robust empirical evidence on compliance determinants. This article contributes in this regard, by drawing from a sample of 200 forest-dependent households in the Santchou Landscape of Cameroon, complemented by key informant interviews (N = 17) and focus group discussions (N = 11). Using the ordinary least square and the logit model, we (i) analyze forest use practices shaped by ECIs, (ii) assess forest-based ECIs compliance determinants, and (iii) estimate the effect of compliance determinants on forest-based ECIs. We find that while norms and customs shape the harvesting of wood-based and vegetal based NTFPs, they are less likely to shape the exploitation of seed based NTFPs. Second, demographic and economic factors override socio-political determinants of ECIs. Third, elites are less likely to affect forest-based ECI compliance. Policy should leverage culturally sensitive ECIs in regulating forest resource use.
40-9841
environmental innovation. firms’ performance. grounded theory. market-oriented environmental policies. redundant resources.
The use of market-oriented environmental policies to achieve a win-win situation for the economy and the environment has become the focus in many countries, and environmental innovation is an important way for firms to achieve dual benefits. However, the overall framework for market-based environmental policies, environmental innovation, and firms’ performance remains unclear. In order to reveal this relationship, this study selected 113 articles from the Zhejiang Daily as the research sample and adopted the grounded theory method to construct the theoretical framework. The results revealed that market-oriented environmental policies that were composed of incentive-based policy tools and constraint-based policy tools had a promotional effect on environmental innovation. Resource redundancy and government action, as internal and external contextual factors, moderated the relationship between market-oriented environmental policies and environmental innovation, and environmental innovation can promote improvements in a firm’s performance. This study provides a useful reference for how governments can better promote the construction of an ecological civilization and how firms can utilize policy opportunities to promote their green development, thus providing empirical evidence for future studies.
40-9842
collective empowerment. connective leadership. dialogue. Neighborhood leadership development. qualitative data.
The complexity of today’s community challenges calls for innovative approaches that promote leadership of diverse community members and institutions working collaboratively with communities. This study reports on an evaluation of two neighborhood leadership development programs that examined the impact of programs on participants and their communities. 41 interviews were conducted with 33 program participants and eight facilitators. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants expressed that they were motivated to participate in the leadership program(s) because they saw the need to help others in their communities and wanted to learn how to do that well. Others reported scaling up their capacity and capabilities in doing community work through engaging and empowering others toward achieving shared community development goals. Insights from the study suggest that building communities that are well resourced, equitable, and thriving places, require sustainable investment in hands-on, relational leadership training at the local level.
40-9843
capacity building. community based organizations. community organizing. gassroots development. nongovernmental organization (NGOs). Social capital.
As a result of our experience and, at times, frustration with the field, we offer “seven deadly sins” of community development. We believe that community development work remains undervalued and underinvested across the world in part because of its own sins, and we maintain that unless we address them, it will remain so. We share our perspectives on the “darker side” of community development by exploring and critiquing the following issues: anti-expertism, localism, and self-help, an overemphasis upon social capital, an over-righteous non-governmental (NGO) sector, and an overemphasis upon collectivism, discipline capture, and self-effacement. Our aim is to challenge readers to reject lazy groupthink and encourage more critical thinking and reflection. We surmise that our field risks further marginalization unless we address these.
12-5 POLITICS AND PLANNING
40-9662
institutional change. path dependencies. planning system. policy streams. spatial planning. Ukraine.
Most research on planning systems in Europe focused on North and West Europe, with limited interest in Central Europe and even less attention to ‘post-socialist’ Europe. This study examines the recent reform of spatial planning in Ukraine by developing a new model of institutional change. Based on the empirical findings, supported by the results of an adapted ESPON-COMPASS questionnaire, we argue that Ukraine has undergone a fundamental transformation of the planning system. The research contributes to the theoretical debate on international comparative planning research by establishing a new approach to studying institutional change in planning systems.
40-9663
Localism. populism. preservation. public interest. resistance. rural-urban municipality. urban politics.
The article provides an analysis of contemporary localist-populist movements’ understanding of, and approach towards, spatial planning and urban development. This is achieved through an in-depth case study of populist mobilization in one rural-urban municipality in Sweden. Central components of the localist-populist planning agenda are identified, including core values and planning roles. The results demonstrate how localist-populists mobilise political discontent and fear of change into political programmes prioritising protectionism and preservation, blending anti-urbanist and anti-entrepreneurialist sentiment with traditional conservatism. Localist-populism works to rearticulate the public interest justification of planning in pursuit of new purposes and legitimacies.
40-9664
co-design. Engagement. micropolitics. participation. power.
Theoretical understandings of micropolitics and ableism provided a framework to analyze power relations and their impacts in a participatory design process. Micropolitics allowed a focus on small scale interactions and relational processes that impact outcomes of participation, and revealed the importance of problem framing and coalition building. We also found resistance to ableism through micropolitical strategies including: the sharing of experiential narratives; the use of expressive communication styles; and the development of alliances. These helped challenge norms of ableism in the deliberative process. Suggested practices for planners and facilitators who want to intervene in status quo ablest practices are identified.
40-9844
community-based organizations. Community-driven development. informal settlement. nongovernmental organization (NGOs). urban poverty.
Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in an informal settlement in Dhaka, this article examines the relationships, contestations and negotiations of power and control between non-government organizations (NGO), community-based organizations (CBO) and local leaders in the context of community-driven development (CDD) interventions. Findings suggest a shift in informal settlement residents’ perceptions and attitudes toward NGOs and CDD interventions where the previously documented distrust and lack of interest has changed to a more general interest to participate largely to draw on the power and influence in the community that CBO membership offers. Moreover, findings demonstrate how contestations and negotiations of power and control play out at various stages of engagement between NGOs, CBOs, and local leaders. These findings have important implications for international development practice, particularly for CDD, as they can contribute to addressing some of the current criticisms of the approach.
40-9845
Community resilience. immigration. Latinx immigrants. politics of migration. race. raids.
Immigration law enforcement operations can negatively affect communities, creating or exacerbating problems among Latinx immigrants. Community resilience perspectives enable examination of how communities overcome challenges created by disruptions. Resilience studies have shown power relations can affect collective responses. However, few studies exist about how politics and race can affect community responses. This study examines how sociopolitical and racial relations influenced community resilience in the context of large immigration raids. Twenty-six Latinx organizers and allies involved in community responses in the aftermath of these raids were interviewed. The findings show how politics intertwined with racism-shaped Latinx community resilience. After the raids, Latinx groups and allies mobilized collective agency to address problems created by the raids, challenged by political and racial dynamics. The findings also show creating more visibility and consciousness about Latinx communities could be an important step for strengthening inclusiveness and community resilience.
12-6 MUNICIPAL/PUBLIC SERVICES
40-9665
Finland. land policies. municipalities. policy aims. policy formulation.
Municipalities engage in solving local to global policy problems. Yet it remains poorly understood how they reconcile and prioritize policy problems when formulating sectoral policies such as municipal land policy. This article develops conceptual understanding of sectoral policy aim setting and investigates the land policy aim setting of Finnish municipalities. The analysis draws on interviews with municipal representatives and key policy documents. The results highlight ambiguities and potential conflicts and paradoxes in land policy aim setting as municipalities pursue incoherent and vaguely expressed aims. Locally embedded issues dominate over the global sustainability agenda in land policy aim setting.
40-9666
Community attachment. community development. leadership. local elected officials. trust in the local government.
Using survey data from 20,271 residents around the U.S., the present study examines whether community attachment, trust in the local government, and the leadership of local elected officials are associated with citizen engagement in coproduction of community services: volunteering, attending local public meetings, and working with others to make change in the community. The present study found that community attachment plays a critical role in promoting volunteering and working with others to change the community. Furthermore, trust in local government was positively associated with volunteering for a local endeavor. Interestingly, when citizens had high trust in their local governments, the levels of attending local public meetings were decreased. However, the leadership of local elected officials was not predictive of the three coproductive community services. These findings contribute to the literature by describing an important role of community-centered motivation and local government that could enhance citizen engagement in coproducing community services.
40-9667
collaborative planning. micropolitics. Participatory democracy. participatory planning. pragmatism planning practice. Public Policy.
Patsy Healey was a major democratic theorist. Although often implicit, it is easy to discern in her work a normative-empirical theory of democracy that is characterized by a focus on improving state institutions and leveraging the experiential knowledge of affected citizens with the issue at hand. Two features distinguish Patsy’s approach to democratic governance. Her refusal to vacate the essential tension between an institutional and a participatory, practice-oriented approach to democracy. And a steadfast pragmatist approach to collective problem solving that valorizes the effectiveness of experiential knowledge. This orientation impelled her to grasp democracy governance through the micro-politics of planning and public policy and suffuse her work with a spirit of hope.
40-9846
adult higher education. human capital. Mississippi. regional development. rural economic development.
This paper identifies the extent of the brain drain problem in Mississippi and quantifies its economic impacts on the state. The study begins by defining brain drain and comparing brain drain in Mississippi to other states in the region using two definitions of the term. We find that all states in the study experience gross brain drain, but not all states experience net brain drain. Returning the focus to Mississippi, the study includes an experimental analysis of the potential effects to the Mississippi economy if the state’s migration patterns of college-educated individuals were similar to those of other states in the region. This experiment allows us to determine the impact of brain drain on Mississippi’s economy in terms of real gross domestic product (GDP), personal income, employment, and population.
40-9847
community development. Farm community development. resettlement areas. right to be rural. social services. Zimbabwe.
At a time when practitioners and scholars are crystallized around reconnoitering the outcomes of Zimbabwe’s fast track land reform, focus on farm community development and social services in the resettlements is paltry. These communities were envisaged to be enablers and guarantors of rural and national development. Applying a Transformative Social Policy approach and qualitative methodology, the article draws on nuanced insights from the resettlement areas with the principal aim of advancing pathways for improving farm community development. The study shows that fast track communities are characterized by multiple and enduring lacunae in social services particularly schools, clinics, potable water, shopping centers, accessible roads, and reliable transport. However, the farmers are responding in agentive and innovative ways to reduce the challenges. This study enriches community development theory, and informs policy-makers on pertinent aspects that should inform policy and practice in relation to social services and development in resettlement areas.
13. Planning Law and Legislation
13-1 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
40-9668
crime prevention through environmental design. crime theories. Environmental approach to security. fear of crime. multidisciplinary approach. urban security.
This article offers a historical-theoretical review of the environmental approach to security. It critically traces its development from the early origins to the latest progress with a multidisciplinary approach by highlighting the importance of the environment in preventing crime. In particular, this review tidies up the subject by emphasizing the founders’ foundational ideas – and their importance, which are sometimes misinterpreted; it develops the matter by updating it up to the latest advances, as in the case of crime theories; and it allows further evolution of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), increasingly overlapping with the environmental approach, also pointing out the importance of the fear of crime concept.
40-9669
hypervisibility. Marginality. out-of-placeness. resilience, resistance, and restoration (RRR). safe spaces. transgender.
Amid recent, unprecedented sociopolitical scrutiny and hypervisibility of young trans people in the United Kingdom, this article considers how trans youth develop individual and collective mechanisms, spaces, and embodied practices of resilience, resistance, and restoration (RRR) in response to social, spatial, and structural marginalization. I ask: What are the some of the key RRR strategies created and drawn on by UK trans youth in their everyday lives? How do these respond to everyday “out-of-placeness” (Todd Citation2024) and exhaustion (Todd Citation2023a)? And what significance do they hold in young trans people’s everyday lives, encounters, and imagined futures? Drawing from participatory research, I demonstrate young trans people’s agency in forging spaces and strategies through which to thrive, resist cisnormativity, and foster trans liberation. I discuss three modes of RRR: crafting affective and emotional connections to materialities for protection and shielding; escaping into more inclusive spaces (real or imagined) and embodied potentials; and immersing in trans and queer “safe spaces” as landscapes of RRR. These “safe spaces” nurture empowering affective atmospheres and bodily conditions, materially transforming young trans people’s immediate and long-term realities. Significantly, RRR emerges as a transferable intersectional framework for analyzing how individuals and communities continually develop co-constitutive strategies and spaces responsive to marginalizing conditions.
40-9848
California Coastal Commission. coastal management. coastal zone. permitting process. Public access. topic modeling.
Opening and maintaining public access to the coast, as it is for any coastal management agencies in the US, has long been one of the prime missions of the California Coastal Commission. In this article, we ask: what are the administrative agendas latent in coastal access in California? Using webscraping, we collected over 10,000 staff reports prepared by the Commission between 1996 and 2016 and examined how the agency used the permitting process to attain its missions. Using the topic modeling technique, we identified 18?key administrative agendas in the staff reports pertaining to public access. These agendas reveal a wide spectrum of environmental protection strategies that the Commission pursued along with maintaining public access. While some of these topics narrowly focus on coastal accessibility (e.g. easements, trails and paths), and utilization (e.g. recreational activities, piers, parking), many of them extend beyond and cover broader, more controversial environmental agendas, such as shoreline and sensitive habitat protection. We also explored the stability of these administrative agendas over time. We observed notable stability in these efforts in the past two decades, despite personnel changes.
40-9849
China. difference-in-differences framework. environment. pollution. smart city.
Smart city is a recent concept that has progressed considerably. However, studies on changes induced by smart city development have been lacking. To date, the association of environmental pollution with smart city construction is purely hypothetical without any direct evidence. Effect of smart city construction on environmental pollution is innovatively examined in this study by exploiting the smart city project in China as an exogenous change in the development of smart cities and using a difference-in-differences framework. Results showed that the construction of smart cities significantly reduces environmental pollution. The main analysis is robust to a variety of model specifications. Mechanisms through which the smart city project affects the upgrading of industrial structure, technological progress in pollution reduction, and increase in greening are provided and empirically identified.
40-9850
adaptation. climate adaptation. evaluation. India. planning. Theory of Planned Behavior. watershed development.
Most climate adaptation plans expect stakeholders to change their behavior as part of building resilience. Given its long-term and complex nature, monitoring and evaluation is a key requisite for climate adaptation planning. So far, behavioral aspects have received only limited attention in the evaluation approaches for climate adaptation planning. This article proposes a theory-based evaluation approach based on the theory of planned behavior, for the evaluation of climate adaptation. A local climate adaptation programme for watershed development in rural India provides an illustrative case for this approach. For this case, the approach helped to uncover important factors that influence behavioral intentions, which were different for different groups in the farming community. Additionally, it helped to put behavioral change in a longer-term perspective. The illustrative case also suggests certain improvements for evaluations based on the theory of planned behavior.
13-2 LAND USE CONTROLS
40-9670
developers. institutional entrepreneurship. Institutions. land use. Land-use regulation. zoning.
Zoning is one of the key roles of land use regulation by the state. In engaging with this land use regulation, developers do not stay put and passively await rules to be imposed upon them. Instead, they proactively seek to (co)produce new rules or change existing rules to their advantage: they are ‘institutional entrepreneurs.’ We analyze how institutional entrepreneurship strategies play out empirically in Rijnenburg, a large greenfield site located southwest of the city of Utrecht. We find a complex and reciprocal interrelationship between planning decisions on the one hand and strategies of developers on the other.
40-9671
adaptation. Africa. climate change. climate vulnerability. Kenya. local perceptions. remote-sensed estimates.
Human perceptions about climate change constitute knowledge built on lived experiences and such information is useful for guiding effective local-level adaptation strategies. Yet, such perceptions are rarely included in climate change adaptation plans, nor are such perceptions evaluated alongside climate-related data. People’s perceptions about climate change need to be considered, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the impacts of climate change are more pronounced. In this study, we compared Kenyan farmers’ and pastoralists’ perceptions of change in rainfall patterns (amount and variability) to observed rainfall (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station rainfall data). We also compared both farmers’ and pastoralists’ perceptions of crop and pasture productivity to remote-sensed estimates of productivity. Overall, crop farmers and pastoralists perceived a decrease in rainfall amount and increase in variability alongside perceived decreases in crop yields and pasture abundance. Perceptions were heterogeneous across space, however, and not consistent with rainfall or productivity observations. Using ordination, we further identified perception archetypes that differed by household socioeconomic characteristics and geographic setting, whereby pastoralists perceived greater changes in both rainfall amount, variability, and productivity than other land users. These results revealed heterogeneous patterns that situate household-level perceptions within landscapes, demonstrating the need for multiscalar management of social-ecological systems. We conclude that there are important differences in perceived patterns of climate impacts that are not captured by commonly used Earth observation products. To ensure adaptation strategies address the lived experiences of communities, better integration of perceived climate change impacts into climate change adaptation planning might be needed.
40-9672
informality. land policies. Latin America. Local planning. megacities. municipalities.
In limited-resourced Latin-American cities, adapting urban regulations and capturing value offers great potential for developing affordable land. We explored what counts for the significant variance in local land management implementation within Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region. Analysed municipalities successfully developed high-quality instruments to expand affordable land markets. However, local planning effectiveness does not find limits in the quality of planning itself. Depending on the municipalities’ relative location within the metro area, the national-level pipeline infrastructure plans, the politically driven finance choices, and divergent administration protocols favour or hinder the capacity to implement an effective urban land development strategy at local levels.
40-9851
Bangladesh. geographic information systems (GIS). Hakaluki Haor. land use/land cover (LULC). remote-sensed estimates. satellite image.
To gain quantifiable and explainable changes in LULC about Hakaluki Haor in Bangladesh, this study employed Landsat satellite data to interpret LULC from 2000 to 2019. Four change detection analyses (2000–2005, 2005–2010, 2010–2015, and 2015–2019) were done to detect the shifting process of different LULC classes. There was significant rapid growth in human settlement (91.61 km2) between 2000 and 2019, while the same period witnessed a reduction in water bodies (-28.69 km2), dense vegetation (-47.01 km2), cropland (-12.96 km2) and bare land (-2.95 km2). Furthermore, interviews with local communities were conducted to identify the contributing factors for the changes. The major factors responsible for the changes of LULC were population pressure (29.41%), climatic variation (20.91%), anthropogenic factors (16.34%), sedimentation (14.38%), lack of awareness of policies (11.76%) and inappropriate development interventions (7.19%). The findings and given recommendations will help policymakers to establish the appropriate land use plans for Hakaluki Haor region.
40-9852
air pollution. Chinese decentralization. environment protection investment. environmental governance. land transfer fees.
The issue of environmental governance has received considerable attention. While extensive research focuses on the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection, this paper provides a different perspective by exploring the mechanisms affecting the relationship between land-based revenue and environmental performance. Based on the regression analyses of province-level data during 2000-2018 in China, the results show that: (1) land-based finance has a significantly positive impact on air pollution; (2) both central government policies and local residents’ concerns incentivize local governments to improve environmental quality through land revenue; (3) regional differences exist regarding the impact of these two factors, probably due to various development stages and financial conditions; (4) local governments tend to increase expenditure on environmental protection by taking residents’ concerns into consideration. This research contributes to understanding the driving forces behind the relationship between land finance and environmental performance, and it extends our knowledge of local governments’ decision-making processes to accomplish multiple tasks.
13-5 SOCIAL POLICY LAW
40-9673
Eviction. housing policies. investment. landlord–tenant policy. urban development. USA.
Housing instability is a significant problem in the United States, with a long literature documenting its impact on the social well-being of Americans. A relatively new line of research has illuminated the degree to which eviction is a substantial contributor to health risks, including “deaths of despair” from alcohol or drug-related accidental poisonings. Although eviction is a persistent threat in the United States, there is comparatively less research that is both longitudinal and that evaluates multiple policies simultaneously to guide decision makers about which policies are more or less effective at lowering eviction activity. In this study we test the association between housing policies and eviction processes for a large proportion of U.S. counties from 2001 to 2018 using a panel of state-level landlord–tenant laws and a panel of local housing-specific investments by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. We find evidence that some state and local policies are effective at reducing the number of eviction filings and the incidence of multiple filings to the same household, although there is less evidence that actual eviction judgments can be mitigated with these policies.
40-9674
causal inference. Eviction. Rent control. San Francisco. state-wide laws.
This paper presents causal evidence of a significant positive effect of rent control status on eviction filing rates in San Francisco, CA. Two datasets of eviction notices (n = 13,887) and property tax records (n = 1,978,687) are combined using a regression discontinuity design to estimate a local average treatment effect of ~0.3% evictions per residential unit per year conditioned on positive rent control status. Compared to the baseline rate of eviction notices over this same time period, the findings suggest that for a given tenant, positive rent control status (i.e., living in a rent-controlled unit) increases the likelihood of eviction by approximately 127% per year. This finding is best understood not as an inherent characteristic of rent control policy in general, but rather as the result of specific state-wide laws, passed in the years following the adoption of rent control in San Francisco, which granted rent-controlled property owners an economic incentive to evict and the legal means to do so.
40-9675
community development. nutrition. obesity. physical activity. title 1.
Community development is an effort to build resources that increase inhabitants’ ability to improve their life quality. Obesity is a significant health risk to individuals and their communities. In 2016/2017, school screenings showed that 28.3% of first-graders, 35.4% of third-, and 14.1% of sixth-graders in a Florida Panhandle school district were overweight. Additional data revealed an increase in overweight individuals with large proportions of minorities or low-income students. To intervene, individuals from a Historically Black University respond to the structural inequality – obesity and education access to health care by offering nutritional education to ascertain the possibility of deterring childhood obesity using community-based programming. Over 870 students from Title 1 locations participated. A pretest/posttest was given, and T-test results revealed significant behavior changes. Community practitioners can offer educational programs to impact students’ health behaviors at risk of obesity.
40-9853
community development. community-based research. education. higher education. scholar activist. social justice. Virtue signaling.
Social justice is a critical and increasingly utilized frame for organizing academic endeavors. As such it is important for academic communities to have meaningful conversations about the implications of social justice activities in their praxis. While recognizing many forms, this article is focused on the juxtaposition of academic activism and community development-based work. These activities can be complimentary and offer rich options for engagement by faculty and students in social change work. Yet there remain tensions between these activities in the absence of institutional or disciplinary guidelines for best practice. This article explores the “dark side” of these tensions and their consequences for faculty and communities. This paper also presents a call to action for faculty and institutions doing this work to center communities first and foremost to mitigate the potential devastation for community partners, who are as engaged in social change work but lack the same institutional protections.
14. Planning and Society
14-3 SPECIAL POPULATIONS/SOCIAL WELFARE
40-9676
children’s services. collaboration. collective impact. evaluation. Human services. partnerships.
Community development activities and some social service delivery have been progressively shifting toward networked collaborative models over recent years, contributing to increasing interest in the conditions which support organizations working together effectively. One such condition is a coordinating organization acting to build relationships, ensure program cohesion, and develop shared goals. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of a collaborative model delivering programs for families and children in an area experiencing complex social issues and socioeconomic disadvantage. It illustrates how the right coordinating organization, in this case a not-for-profit with deep links to the local area; a relational approach to coordination; and a commitment to fostering a collaborative culture can support partnerships and improve outcomes for communities. The findings suggest that not-for-profits can be ideally placed to act as coordinating organizations, bridging the divide between government funders and communities and effectively acting as the “friendly” local face of collaborative activities.
40-9854
climate resilience. resilience. Resolution 120. socio-ecological systems. Vietnamese climate adaptation law. Vietnamese climate policy.
This article proposes a framework for reviewing to what extent laws and policies of a legal system support climate resilience. This article adopts the social-ecological system (SES) resilience theory and translates its core features into an operational framework which consists of four legal dimensions crucial for promoting climate resilience – adaptiveness of law, distributive justice, broad participation, and cross-scale interactions, and further identifies several indicators below each dimension. Then this article operationalizes the four legal dimensions via reviewing current Vietnamese climate adaptation laws and policies to assess to what extent they promote a climate-resilient Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). While various barriers can be found in the current legal framework and policies which impede climate resilience, the latest National Climate Change Adaptation Plan demonstrates great improvement in facilitating climate resilience in a just, participatory and coordinated manner.
14-4 URBAN SOCIOLOGY
40-9677
geosocial media multisensory urban experiences. network analysis. New York City (NYC). quantitative methods. smellscape. text mining. urban smells.
Smells can shape people’s perceptions of urban spaces, influencing how individuals relate themselves to the environment both physically and emotionally. Although the urban environment has long been conceived as a multisensory experience, research has mainly focused on the visual dimension, leaving smell largely understudied. This article aims to construct a flexible and efficient bottom-up framework for capturing and classifying perceived urban smells from individuals based on geosocial media data, thus, increasing our understanding of this relatively neglected sensory dimension in urban studies. We take New York City as a case study and decode perceived smells by teasing out specific smell-related indicator words through text mining techniques from a historical set of geosocial media data (i.e., Twitter/X). The data set consists of more than 56 million data points sent by more than 3.2 million users. The results demonstrate that this approach, which combines quantitative analysis with qualitative insights, can not only reveal “hidden” places with clear spatial smell patterns, but also capture elusive smells that might otherwise be overlooked. By making perceived smells measurable and visible, we can gain a more nuanced understanding of smellscapes and people’s sensory experiences within the urban environment. Overall, we hope our study opens up new possibilities for understanding urban spaces through an olfactory lens and, more broadly, multisensory urban experience research.
40-9678
China. innovation. knowledge complexity. spatial data analysis method. spatial structure. urban peripheries.
Despite recent correctives to established views on the urban rather than suburban location of innovatory processes, we still know very little about the extent, drivers, and nature of concentrations of innovation in urban peripheries. This article makes several contributions. First, it presents an exploratory spatial data analysis method for identifying innovation centers in urban cores and peripheries from both geographical and functional perspectives. Second, we offer an initial, admittedly simple, econometric testing of some of the most critical drivers of innovation in urban peripheries. Third, we bring greater specificity to conjecture on the nature of innovation activities found in urban cores and peripheries, respectively. Drawing on an extensive time series data set of more than 7 million geocoded patents that were applied for by Chinese applicants between 2009 to 2018, we find that China’s urban peripheries have become more innovative overall, with an increasing number of cities that have developed at least one peripheral innovation center and a growing share of innovation activities in peripheral innovation centers. Governmental interventions, including the planning of polycentric spatial structures, the construction of development zones, high-speed railway stations, and college towns in urban peripheries, are shown to be key drivers underlying the emergence of peripheral innovation centers. Innovation in urban peripheries differs significantly from that in urban cores, being more specialized, less technologically complex, and more reliant on intercity technological collaboration.
40-9679
cell-phone data. difference-in-difference (DID) model. Forced relocation. neighborhoods. Urban regeneration. Wuhan in China.
Tracking forced relocation due to urban regeneration can help deepen the understanding of urban regeneration beyond the perceived limits of displacement. Existing research has not sufficiently explored new experiences following the adjustment of China’s urban-regeneration policy. This article explores an approach that uses location-based service data to study forced relocatees for urban regeneration, which can be generalized across different regions to expand international knowledge and comparative research. Focusing on Wuhan, the impact of urban regeneration on the living environment of forced relocatees was evaluated from three aspects: housing conditions, neighborhood facilities, and jobs–housing commuting, using the difference-in-difference model. The research found: (1) most forced relocatees chose to live near their original residences; and (2) urban regeneration has improved housing conditions and decreased jobs–housing commuting for forced relocatees but has a negative effect on neighborhood facilities. We conclude by discussing a methodology for applying mobile phone data to urban-regeneration studies.
40-9680
activity space. adaptive preferences. gender gap. gender-equitable mobility systems. ride-hailing. smart mobility. urban transport planning.
The rapid expansion of ride-hailing services has transformed urban mobility, raising critical questions about their role in promoting gender equity. This study investigates whether ride-hailing services empower women by enhancing their mobility or whether they simply reflect adaptive preferences shaped by existing structural inequalities. Using Chengdu, China, as a case study, this article employs survey data from 1,006 respondents and mobile phone trajectory data covering more than 96,000 trips to analyze the gendered impacts of ride-hailing. The findings reveal that women, particularly those with lower incomes, higher education levels, and children, perceive enhanced mobility through ride-hailing, although this improvement is unevenly distributed across neighborhoods. Ride-hailing complements public transport where metro services are less accessible, but gender disparities in travel distances and activity spaces persist. The article concludes that ride-hailing services exhibit a dual role: empowering women in certain contexts and reinforcing existing constraints. These findings have significant implications for urban transport planning, calling for a nuanced approach to promoting gender-equitable mobility systems.
40-9681
Google Review. parks. sentiment analysis. social media. Subjective well-being (SWB). Urban green spaces (UGS).
This study of Urban Green Spaces examines their characteristics and their impact on well-being through sentiment analysis of Google reviews. By utilizing content analysis and VADER sentiment analysis, it seeks to analyse user-generated perceptions and experiences in order to identify UGS features that affect subjective well-being. The research effectively uncovers the correlation between UGS qualities and subjective well-being, providing valuable insights into the emotional and perceptual advantages of UGS. The findings will enhance the comprehension of UGS’s role in enhancing subjective well-being in the Malaysian context.
40-9682
Crafting. Data-Driven Narratives. housing. Race technology. racism. reparations. urban planning. urban science.
I offer how urban planning should approach technology within the context of systemic racism, advocating for a reparative approach to address the issues of urban technology perpetuating today’s racial inequality and hindering efforts to redress historical oppression. I identify three mechanisms – formalization, context removal and legitimization, and penalization and extraction – that illustrate how urban technology perpetuates historical inequalities, often penalizing marginalized groups under the pretext of neutrality and fairness. Then, I discuss methodologies of reparative urban science, aiming to use urban technology to challenge race-neutral ideologies and create data-driven narratives for reparations.
40-9683
built environment. Circular cities. circular economy (CE). urban metabolism. urban planning. urbanization.
With urbanization trends impacting on levels of greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, resource consumption and associated waste; the quest for stronger mitigation and adaptation approaches has put more pressure on solutions to be viewed at the city scale. A plethora of concepts has emerged under the umbrella of sustainable cities, aiming to make cities greener, smarter, resilient, eco-friendly, decarbonized, and more recently, ‘Circular’. This research aims to contextualize the alignment of the circular economy to socio-spatial issues by leveraging the discussions on the implications of circularity in urban planning and design. Drawing on a combination of methods: literature review, stakeholder interviews and the exploration of Glasgow as a case study; a synthetic view of an urban circularity framework is aided by the visualization of four urban systems (building and property assets, social-productive, energy and mobility, and natural and ecological) and initiatives affecting them (policies, plans, projects) enabling a socio-spatial perspective to circularity. Applied to Glasgow, the maps showcased current practices and their potential for moving towards a circular city, promoting inclusive, collaborative planning and stakeholder engagement not only on the macro scale (city) but at the meso (neighbourhood) and micro (buildings/sites/citizens) scales. The framework presents the potential for advancing urban metabolism in a way that is visual and relatable to urban decision-making, and encourages a more holistic interpretation of circularity in the built environment.
40-9855
governance. private property. Stormwater. treatment effects. urban development.
Local government uses the development approval process to place responsibility for stormwater treatment with private landholders through the installation of stormwater quality improvement devices on their land. This source control strategy can complement publicly owned and managed centralized solutions to improve urban water quality outcomes. The maintenance of decentralized solutions for waterway health is compromised by the motivation of individuals whose professed value of cleaner waterways is not evident in their individual lot-based actions. This exploratory research makes four policy and governance observations: waterway policy should consider property scale and ownership type when allocating responsibility for stormwater treatment; devices need to be integrated within the landscape and be publicly visible; education and regulation are advised in order to better support devices placed in private ownership; and policy will be more likely to achieve cleaner waterways if it aligns the motivations of waterway scientists, maintenance actors and property owners.
40-9856
Bioregion. degrowth. Localism. scale/size. spatial politics.
Scale and spatial politics are central to degrowth research, yet scholars often overemphasise the (limited) potential of local practices. This paper proposes a bioregional spatial planning approach that addresses the ‘urban-other’ divide – the political process that defines a space as intrinsically alien and inferior to the city – without falling into localist biases. Building on bioregionalist thought, we propose five dimensions for degrowth spatial planning and identify their implications for planning theory and practice: the regional scale of socio-metabolic relations, socio-spatial organization for sufficiency, cooperative geopolitical relations through polycentric networks, a regenerative approach to ecology, and a post-humanist worldview in spatial planning.
40-9857
Building energy consumption (BEC). inverted-U relationship. night light emissions. sustainable urban development.
The construction industry plays a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality by reducing energy consumption. However, Building energy consumption (BEC) in China is increasing concomitantly with the rapid increase in urbanization. This study utilizes nighttime light data to construct a nighttime light index for urbanization, and empirically studies the impacts of urbanization on BEC intensity. The results show that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between BEC intensity and urbanization level on a nationwide scale, while an inverted-U relationship exists in Eastern developed regions, suggesting that an increasing BEC intensity is not an inevitable result of urbanization. Urbanization in the compact city mode inhibits BEC intensity to some extent, while urbanization in the urban sprawl mode often develops at the expense of increasing BEC intensity. The acceleration of the regional coordinated development and the adoption of the compact city mode are suggested to achieve energy-saving and emission-reduction targets.
40-9858
boundary objects. climate adaptation. collaboration. governance networks. urban water management.
New networks of public and private parties co-produce urban climate adaptation measures, for which different viewpoints and interests have to be bridged. While previous research has focused on individuals and organizations as intermediaries, little attention has been paid to boundary objects: conceptual or material objects that help to bridge competing values. This article aims to understand how local climate adaptation networks co-develop boundary objects and how they benefit the development of adaptation measures by conducting a qualitative case study comparison of two front-running Dutch networks: Amsterdam Rainproof and Water Sensitive Rotterdam. The conceptualization of a “water-sensitive city” attracted multiple stakeholders (professionals from different disciplines, communities, businesses), while material objects, such as interactive 3?D-models, addressed information needs. The objects contributed to adaptation measures by convening stakeholders, translating viewpoints and initiating collaborations. The limited diversity in the networks suggests that, rather than enabling participatory decision-making, the networks are instrumentally used by water authorities.
14-5 RURAL SOCIOLOGY
40-9684
economic development. entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). rural development. Social entrepreneurship. social entrepreneurship ecosystem (SEE).
This paper contributes to the gap in the understudied, but increasingly salient, topic of the development of social enterprise ecosystems (SEEs) in rural areas using the Appalachian Ohio SEE as a framework for understanding the development of rural SEEs. Building on prior studies of the successful rural entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) in Appalachian Ohio, this paper relates the relationship between the EE and SEE in Appalachian Ohio to the context of traditional economic and community development. The case studies reviewed here illustrate the importance of the social capital of regional champions, university as convener and place for ecosystem overlap, and multiple capitals approach to community regeneration. The commonalities identified among cases suggest that a fourth wave of economic development will depend on a healthy intersection of community and economic development that recognizes the need for maintaining real ecosystem services. The SEE framework is especially suited to catalyze this intersection.
40-9859
Canada. capacity building. local government. Path dependency. rural economic development.
Path dependency, often coinciding with the downloading of various responsibilities with reduced funding from higher levels of governments during the neoliberal era, has led to capacity challenges for rural local governments to pursue sector diversification activities. Despite these challenges, research has indicated that, through entrepreneurial efforts, breaking path dependency is possible. Drawing from Staples Theory, Evolutionary Economic Geography, New Public Management, and New Localism as well as primary data from key informant interviews, this paper identifies five factors that influence the capacity of rural local governments to break path dependency. In doing so, it identifies a relationship between New Localism and local governments, and its potential as a bridge for rural economic development. These findings are important, as they contribute to the limited but growing literature related to New Localism and its potential applications for rural local governments in Canada to facilitate economic development.
40-9860
Adaptation strategies. Ghana. rural enterprise programme. smallholder farmers. vulnerability.
This paper combines theoretical insights from vulnerability literature and interpretive paradigm using a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to examine smallholder farmers’ climate perception, adaptation strategies, and challenges under the rural enterprise programme interventions in the Kintampo South district of Ghana. The farmers reported rainfall variability and rising temperatures as their key observed changes. The study revealed that climate impacts on farmers and their agricultural systems are multidimensional, which affect their productive capacity and livelihoods. These impacts have pushed them to adopt adaptation strategies with the support of the programme interventions. The farmers benefitted from material and non-material resources, minimizing climate impacts and reducing vulnerabilities. The paper provides critical insights into how future agricultural development interventions could develop effective interventions to build sustainable agricultural systems and livelihoods that are inclusive, sustainable, and responsive to the needs of the most vulnerable communities and obviate smallholder farmers’ vulnerability.
14-6 CRIME/DELINQUENCY
40-9685
citizenship. marginalized urban communities. photovoice. social justice. Young people’s participation.
Based on participatory research with a group of young people of 13 to 17 years old from a socially vulnerable community of Porto (Portugal), this article proposes a reflection and debate about what conditions these young people find for citizen participation in the relationship with their communities. Faced with a fragmented urban landscape, constituted by socially marginalized communities, which often instigate asymmetrical power relations and situations of territorial stigmatization and social exclusion, young people come across constant social challenges. Through the photovoice method, the youngsters were encouraged to research the community reality that surrounds them; to carefully observe and analyze the contexts and express them visually. This article presents results produced by this research experience, and how it facilitated debates and interaction with young people, allowing us to understand better their reality and the ways they see it and act in it.
14-7 HEALTH/EDUCATION/SOCIAL SERVICES
40-9686
built environment. emotional wellbeing. Hospitals. outpatient oncology. patient experience. supportive design. well-being.
The concept of patient-centred care is increasingly shaping healthcare practices, particularly within oncology settings. Its implications extend to a hospital’s constructed environment and how it is designed, yet few studies have explored patient experience of such sensitive settings, and even fewer have examined outpatient oncology facilities. This study researched how the hospital built environment affects cancer patient wellbeing using in-depth interviews with 24 patients across Australia and Egypt. Analysis of patient-narrated experiences shed light on the potential latent impact of the built environment on patient health-related outcomes, such as pre-treatment anxiety and treatment-induced sensitivities and stresses. Three overarching themes were identified, including the built environment capacity to contribute to incidences of positivity; balancing the unavoidable (necessary) presence in the hospital; and encouraging reasons to return – potentially enhancing treatment compliance. The study further demonstrates how such support may contribute to experiencing a desired climate of patient-centred care, affording additional grounds for patients to cope with the potential burdens of treatment and its side effects.
40-9861
degree of urbanicity. deprivation. Ontario. school closures. vacancy rates.
Public schools play a pivotal role in successful community development. Yet, with school closures on the rise across North America, there is limited knowledge on the outcomes of closed school properties. This study documents the afterlife of closed school properties in Ontario, Canada, identifying their potential beneficiaries, and assessing the prevalence of property vacancies. Using a dataset of over 400 schools closed between 2011 and 2021, we determined that the prevalence of certain school property reuses varied by degree of urbanicity. Fewer than one-fifth of reused properties were designed to benefit highly deprived populations, despite over half of the school closures occurring in neighborhoods with higher levels of deprivation. Furthermore, one-third of school properties remained vacant at the time of study, 36% of which closed over a decade ago. The findings reflect the need for additional consideration of the future uses of school properties prior to their closures.
40-9862
collective action. Community resilience. Conceptualization. operationalization. Social capital.
Literature from various academic disciplines indicates that in recent decades, community resilience (CR) has evolved significantly in conceptualization and operationalization. However, the relevance and empirical inclusion of CR in social and health sciences research remain sparse and fragmented. This scoping review, therefore, aimed to assess the conceptualization of CR in social and health sciences research; determine the availability of tools measuring this construct; and identify the psychometric properties of available instruments. Findings highlight how CR has shifted from a peripheral ecological concept to a central goal in the psychosociological discourse. Though several common core elements were identified in the included literature, results indicated little consensus regarding the conceptual or operational definitions of CR. Furthermore, there is minimal evidence on robust metrics that comprehensively measure CR as a complex psychosocial construct. Review results thus highlight the importance, and provide pragmatic implications, regarding the inclusion of core elements of CR in community-based strategies and development efforts.
40-9863
collective healing. community. healing. trauma. volunteerism.
It is acknowledged that volunteering may help a community heal when it faces a tragic event. The purpose of this study is to analyze the interplay between volunteerism and community healing. Our empirical study focuses on volunteering in the context of memorial playgrounds and is based on extensive secondary data collected from 63 memorial playgrounds. Our research adds renewal and resilience as components of community healing, demonstrates how volunteer orientation toward individual and collective healing changes over the course of the healing process, and emphasizes the significance of making volunteering visible for healing the community. Furthermore, by exploring children’s volunteering and how it might aid in community reconciliation, our findings expand our understanding of inclusive volunteering.
40-9864
community capital framework. community development. Community Diagnostics and Social Impact (CD+SI) Toolkit. Healthier Together Lambert (HTL). mixed methods. public health.
This paper represents an effort to apply a mixed-method design and instrument, the Community Diagnostics and Social Impact (CD+SI) Toolkit, to the evaluation of one rural community within a federally-funded public health project, Healthier Together Lambert (HTL). The CD+SI is an operationalization of the Community Capitals Framework which helps practitioners capture stocks of various capitals within a community throughout the development of a project. The current study examined the capitals present in the community and how the public health project impacted extant capitals within the community. The CD+SI Toolkit allowed researchers to determine the extent to which the HTL project impacted extant community capitals. Participants rated social capital the highest, followed by political, built-financial, natural, cultural, and human capitals. Conceptual and methodological implications for practice are discussed, specifically the inclusion of mixed methods to capture the uniqueness and context of rural spaces for community development practice.
14-8 PLANNING AND GENDER/RACE/ETHNICITY
40-9687
cycling activism. entre mujeres. feminism. Latin America. urban mobility patterns.
Over the past decade, multiple trajectories of feminist thought and praxis have converged in Latin America in a historical moment characterized by mass mobilization, radicality, heterogeneity, and internationalism. Cities of the region have been swept by successive waves of feminist mobilization that challenge traditional notions of space and gender. Meanwhile, urban activism has expanded in Latin America, including a cycling activist movement that has configured a translocal space of exchange and circulation of discourses, knowledges, and practices around urban mobility. This article explores the meeting of feminism and cycling activism and discusses a resulting double movement: on one hand, a critique of the patriarchal order of the city as experienced in and through mobility; on the other, a challenge to the hegemonic discourses and practices of cycling activism. In doing so, feminist cycling activists are drawing cycling and mobility into the constellation of feminist issues that configure the current Latin American feminist movement. The article outlines two strategies women employ to do so: cultivating political transversality and generating conditions of possibility through the production of feminist-cyclist spatialities.
40-9688
employment. equality. European regions. female employment. fertility. gender. institutional quality. labor markets.
Declining fertility and the persistent underrepresentation of women in the labour market are key concerns of our time. The fact that they overlap is not fortuitous. Traditionally, women everywhere have faced a conflict in balancing their career ambitions with family responsibilities. Yet, the pressures arising from this conflict vary enormously from one place to another. Existing research has tended to overlook the geographical features of this dilemma, which could result in an inadequate understanding of the issue and lead to ineffective policy responses. This article examines how variations in the quality of regional institutions affect women’s capacity to reconcile career and motherhood and, consequently, gender equality within Europe. Using panel data from 216 regions across 18 European countries, we uncover a positive effect of regional institutional quality on fertility rates, taking into account variations in female employment. Moreover, we show that European regions with better government quality provide a more reliable environment for managing the career/motherhood dilemma often faced by women. In contrast, women living in regions with weaker government institutions are more constrained in both their career and childbearing options.
40-9689
Capacity building program (CBP). entrepreneurs challenges. Paper Assisted Personal Interview (PAPI). women implementation.
This study evaluates the availability of capacity-building programs for women entrepreneurs and investigate the main challenges that women entrepreneurs face. 258 women entrepreneurs were randomly selected from six randomly selected zones in the SNNPR using a two-stage selection technique. Paper Assisted Personal Interview (PAPI) method was used to acquire quantitative data from women entrepreneurs. In addition, key informant interviews and focus group discussions with government officials and women entrepreneurs were conducted. Quantitative data were interpreted using inferential statistics such as proportion tests, pairwise proportion tests, and chi-square test, while qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic method. We found that training, marketplace, and cooperative services are relatively easily provided and implemented, while credit and market information are challenges for women entrepreneurs. Financial constraint is a main problem. Findings show that government and other bodies are working to strengthen the capacity of women entrepreneurs but that implementation is the weak link.
40-9865
culture. religiosity. Ubuntu. vertical individualism. Women entrepreneurship.
Poverty alleviation at the bottom of the pyramid hitches, inter alia, on rural women entrepreneurship in emerging and marginalized economies. The study was focused on understanding the influence of cultural orientations (vertical individualism and horizontal collectivism) and peculiar African beliefs (social axioms) of Ubuntu, ancestral relevance and religiosity on rural women’s entrepreneurial intentions. Data was collected from 200 rural women in Zimbabwe. Analysis of data was done using structural equation modeling in Amos. Results revealed significant relationships between cultural orientations and African beliefs, as well as between Ubuntu and entrepreneurial intention. However, religiosity and ancestral relevance were not significantly related to entrepreneurial intention. In promoting rural women entrepreneurship, Governments, Non-Governmental organizations and financial institutions may include culture orientations and Ubuntu in their training manuals and also in screening potential entrepreneurs on loan applications.
40-9866
food security. government roles. probit. Walmara. women’s empowerment.
This paper investigates government roles in empowering rural women to ensure food security in Ethiopia, Walmara District. We used a quantitative method with a descriptive research design. The data were collected from 335 households selected systematically from the District. We employed the rural women’s composite empowerment index to measure women’s empowerment in food security. We used the probit model to investigate it. The finding shows that women’s empowerment in food security in the study area is 64.78%. The probit result reveals that resource utilization, which contributes the highest, increases the probability of women’s empowerment in food security by 62.7% followed by women’s awareness creation. It concludes that to improve women’s empowerment in food security, comprehensive strategies like policy support, and resource management are paramount. It recommends that the Ethiopian government should work to ensure a more resilient and sustainable agricultural system that significantly increases food security via women’s empowerment.
40-9867
community. Disempowerment. empowerment. microfinance interventions. women.
This study tries to investigate impact of microfinance-led interventions on rural women and local communities based on systematic literature review. The microfinance model started as a developmental initiative keeping women as an agency for social change and center of policy implementation. In rural communities, women play significant role in the house and outside, but they are highly marginalized on the face of existing structural discrimination and disempowerment. It forced government and non-government organizations to introduce developmental interventions such as microfinance-based programmes for the poor communities. The results of systematic literature review indicate a gradual socio-economic-cultural-political change among women, household, and the local community. However, it also suggests that microfinance intervention met with mixed results in making desired socio-economic change. The study demonstrates that the microfinance interventions empower women and reduces societal inequalities but failed to make the requisite transformation in the local community and in some cases made it worse.
15. Development Planning
15-1 COMMUNITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT
40-9690
Canada. community trauma. marginalized communities. migration. Social work.
This article draws upon data from a Canadian study funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The focus was on how trauma has been experienced by three communities who have been historically marginalized: The El Salvadorian community, Indigenous peoples and those identifying as 2STLGBQIA+. The focus of this article is on the Salvadorian diaspora in Canada, which has the shared experience of historical colonial trauma; on-going coloniality leading to civil war; and poverty, leading to forcible displacement. The latter resulted in re-negotiating their lives in the diaspora and transnationally in El Salvador. As with Indigenous and 2STLGBQIA+ communities, Salvadorians in Canada share experiences of multiple oppressions and marginalization based, in part, on perceptions of belonging and worth, rooted in racism. Exploring notions of community development as it exists in diaspora communities must include a history of war, resettlement and marginalization that contribute to trauma at the community level.
40-9691
capacity-building programming. community development. Microgrants. programme implementation. social connection. stakeholders.
Microgrant schemes are used in many contexts relevant to community development, but there are few detailed accounts of their operation and effects. This study explored a four-year microgrant scheme in Bristol, UK. The research analyzed 141 awards and collected qualitative and quantitative data on 233 individuals. The research found that the diversity of activities, local embeddedness, skills and capacity development, social connection and volunteering features of the scheme offered routes to community development goals. Microgrant schemes are likely to benefit from designated staff to conduct outreach work, facilitate stakeholder engagement, and provide ongoing support. Coordination with other community development activities enhanced the scheme’s impact while weaknesses in local infrastructure, caused by funding cuts, impeded delivery. Microgrant schemes should be understood as an intervention that complements and works alongside other community development activities. To enhance their role in community development, attention needs to be paid to scheme design, implementation and integration.
40-9692
community food projects. exchange innovations. externalities. market failure. neoclassical economics.
Community development in the UK has moved from private philanthropy in the early 20th Century through welfarism to a ‘marketisation’ in the 21st Century with both state contracts, and market-based performance measures. But neoclassical economics, on which such marketization is based, is an inadequate measure of community development practice as it does not accommodate a range of inequalities, spatial differences, changes over time, market failures and externalities, all of which are at the core of community food projects. Whilst community food projects address market failures, they can use innovative market mechanisms to “cushion” some of these neoclassical economics failings. A number of practical examples is offered, from Lincolnshire UK, of such innovations in relation to community food production, and environmental, food waste, and food poverty externalities.
40-9693
Choice Neighborhoods Initiative (CNI). community development. mixed methods. mixed-income initiatives. public housing. regression method. zip code.
Mixed-income development initiatives target distressed public housing for redevelopment and provide support to low-income families. These initiatives involve an involuntary move for families living in the sites targeted for redevelopment. The objectives of this study were to examine housing relocation, neighborhood change, and family well-being among families (n = 383) affected by the South City Choice Neighborhoods Initiative (CNI) in Memphis, Tennessee, using longitudinal administrative records merged with census data. Regression analysis and multilevel mixed-effects modeling were utilized to examine quality of life outcomes (e.g., perceived home safety, neighborhood safety, stress). Families who moved out of the CNI zip code improved their neighborhood quality compared to families who stayed. All families experienced improvements to home safety and neighborhood safety, but also experienced increased stress irrespective of decisions to leave or stay in the CNI zip code. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
40-9694
conflicting rationalities. entangled rationalities. Housing informality. middle-class. non-compliance. regularization model.
This paper analyses planning responses to middle-income informalities in Nairobi city, an increasingly significant element of informal urban development focusing on ad hoc zoning practices and regularisation. The findings highlight aspects of fractured governance, negotiated planning, and power struggles involving middle-income housing developers and other actors that exacerbate housing informalities rather than ameliorate them. The article reveals how different rationalities drive the different spheres of government functionaries, some of whom use planning systems for financial and political gain. Building on debates around ‘conflicting rationalities’ in planning, the paper proposes the concept of ‘entangled rationalities,’ which has scope to highlight the nuanced, multi-actor and non-binary nature of interactions between planning, political and development practice characterising responses to middle-income informalities in the global south cities and how this shapes urban outcomes.
40-9695
collaborative governance. Identity. local food systems (LFS). placemaking. rural.
This research analyzes the emergent collaborative governance of local food systems (LFS) development in a six-county region of Michigan’s Western Upper Peninsula, a post-industrial mining region with a long history of local food provisioning. We contribute to scholarship on rural food systems by framing LFS development as a social good, benefiting placemaking and long-term economic development. We use a community-based research case study and policy analysis to identify policy-related gaps, including LFS’ low legitimacy, goal divergence among different jurisdictions, and lack of regional leadership. LFS development may present ways for rural communities to foster placemaking and economic development; however, we find that LFS are less visible and not always on the policy agenda of local governments. In this study, collaborations among grassroots actors and organizations outside of local government are leading LFS development. We conclude that collaborative governance may have a better chance to succeed when LFS have a clear public identity and legitimacy as a social good, partners reach goal consensus, and appropriate leaderships are formed.
40-9696
Disadvantaged communities. participatory design thinking. social learning. story mapping.
Mapping the challenges and assets of a community for driving development strategies applies to many methods, yet it can be difficult to reflect residents’ collective concerns and interests. This paper reports and critically reflects on an educational exercise of design thinking and story mapping in Cairo’s Zabbaleen community, a hard-to-reach disadvantaged group comprised of exclusively low-income Christian garbage collectors. The article investigates the potentials and challenges of the tools employed to better facilitate the social learning process that is centered on understanding the underlying challenges and assets in disadvantaged communities. It concludes that designers and educators learned that they need to better incorporate community development principles of local self-determination, self-help and community participation into the design process. Students learned that community members cannot be passive recipients of academic concepts. The study demonstrates a need for an integration of professional or technical knowledge with indigenous knowledge and perspectives.
40-9697
collaboration. community development. power. school.
Community development needs to address the role of schools. Beyond education, schools can be important sources of health care, nutrition, and economic development. However, schools, as separate governmental institutions, create challenges and opportunities for community development. Case studies in this special issue show both the promise and the challenges. In this article, we highlight the importance of hierarchical power relations, as schools may wield power over community, or lose power to tax abating authorities or higher levels of government. Shared power is needed, if the promise of schools as community development actors is to be realized. Because collaboration can narrow discussion to common agendas, we argue that voice, conscientization, and sharing of funding are needed to enable comprehensive community collaborations that lead to a broader agenda for community development.
40-9698
action-based scholarship. action-research community development. Engaged scholarship. knowledge-action relationship. participatory process. scholarship.
In her latest book, Patsy Healey reflects on the work she undertook after retirement, focusing on advancing community development, strategic neighborhood planning, affordable housing, and services in her community. The work reflects Healey’s intellectual journey during a century marked by significant shifts in scholarly understandings of the knowledge-action relationship. Her book can be interpreted as a form of action-based scholarship that connects with long-standing debates in participatory action research. Viewed in this light, Healey’s work, carried out independently of institutional constraints, returns engaged scholarship to its fundamental premises, speaking to the importance of focusing on action.
40-9699
aggregation. Displacement. Eviction. Homelessness. housing dynamics. neighborhood dynamics. New York City (NYC). ordinary least squares (OLS).
This study examines the associations between neighborhood-level housing dynamics and displacement rates into the homeless shelter system in New York City (NYC). We analyze a novel dataset obtained from NYC’s Department of Homeless Services that tracks the neighborhood of origin for shelter entrants. Using descriptive methods, mapping, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, we examine the relationships between community characteristics and rates of shelter entry, shedding light on an under-studied level of analysis in homelessness research—neighborhoods. This article proposes two potential mechanisms that could contribute to shelter entry at the neighborhood level beyond the aggregation of individual risk: an increased risk of displacement and limited housing choices for displaced households. We find that neighborhood-level eviction rates, poverty rates, and proportions of African American/Black residents are positively associated with rates of displacement into the shelter system, with evictions being the strongest predictor of shelter entry. The study provides the first comprehensive examination of neighborhood-level correlates of shelter entry in NYC in nearly 30 years and fills a gap in the very small empirical literature examining the relationship between housing insecurity indicators and homelessness at the neighborhood level. Findings support policy recommendations that address homelessness at the neighborhood level and curb eviction and displacement to reduce instances of shelter entry.
40-9700
daily mobility. environmental exposure. mobility-based exposures. neighborhood effects averaging. residential segregation. spatial context.
Neighborhood effects research focuses on the residential neighborhood, assuming it as the main spatial context relevant to individual outcomes. Individuals, however, are mobile and visit various spatial contexts other than the residential neighborhoods. This article conceptualizes contextual exposures to socioenvironmental factors in daily activity spaces and their relationship with residential exposures. By introducing regression toward the mean, we argue that mobility-based contextual exposures are, on average, less extreme than residential exposures. Previous neighborhood effects studies therefore tend to underestimate actual spatial contextual effects when they misrepresent residential neighborhood effects as the total contextual effects. Despite improved measurement accuracy with the transition from residence- to mobility-based exposures, we suggest the complexities remaining in the estimation of spatial contextual effects from a geographic perspective. These complexities include a possibly limited extent of neighborhood effects regression across neighborhoods and asymmetrical dispersion of between-individual contextual exposures within each neighborhood.
40-9701
Community attachment. community decision-making. community satisfaction. community-oriented actions. rural mystique.
Endorsement of the positive imagery of rurality and rejection of the negative representations of rural life is commonly referred to in the literature as the rural mystique. Using data collected in a 2012 survey of persons living in small and rural places in Texas, we tested the hypothesis that increased acceptance of the rural mystique is positively associated with community attachment, community satisfaction, perceived influence in community decision-making, and self-reported engagement in community-oriented actions. Bivariate and multiple correlation-regression analyses provided moderate support for our proposition. Rural and small-town residents’ endorsement of the rural mystique was associated with their levels of community attachment, community satisfaction, and perceived influence in community decision-making. Acceptance of the rural mystique was not statistically related to respondents’ self-reported engagement in community-oriented actions. The findings also revealed that certain sociodemographic variables are independently and statistically related to one or more of the four dependent variables.
40-9868
community development. Community Organizing. gentrification. Grassroots Development. Latino Pilsen. resistance.
This paper discusses the actions and structures of resistance that held off displacement in the neighborhood of Pilsen, Chicago against the renewed efforts of the Democratic Machine and growth coalition to expel them. While most studies of resistance focus on visible, organized actions, this paper examines both overt and covert structures, practices, and relations that, together, explain the success of Latino Pilsen against displacement and gentrification for nearly five decades. While the united efforts of Pilsen organizations and residents kept gentrification and displacement away up to the mid-1990s, the growth coalition through an appointed alderman and the neutralization or cooptation of Pilsen’s largest nonprofits opened the doors to them since that time. But new organizations and leaders continue the fight keeping gentrification on check to date.
40-9869
collaboration. Ethnographic practice. fieldwork. polyvocality. qualitative methodology.
Ethnography is valuable, but the expressions of ethnography in the community development literature are inadequate. This methodological insufficiency showcases a failure by community development professionals to fully understand the communities they serve and jeopardizes the reputation of the community development field. We call for the development of a standard for the community development field that substantiates ethnographic methodology and production in research and practice. Ethnography requires empirical fieldwork consisting of multiple, well-integrated methods. Moreover, ethnographers should strive for polyvocal field-based study with community members who are both the subjects and co-producers of the resultant written ethnography. We reach and support our findings with an exhaustive review of 112 articles in leading community development journals that claim to utilize ethnographic study. Additionally, we provide a history of ethnography in community development, articulate ethnography in process and application, and suggest how to improve the reporting and practice of ethnography.
40-9870
community engagement. Cooperative Extension Service. mutualism. parasitism. symbiosis. university–community partnerships.
In this philosophical discussion, we take a distinct position on how institutions of higher education should engage with communities. The complex relationship between universities and communities has been a topic of debate for decades. Within U.S. land-grant universities, it is argued the outreach component of their tri-partite mission (teaching, research, and outreach) has been delegated almost solely to the Cooperative Extension Service. Still, we argue community engagement is the responsibility of the entire university. Using symbiosis as a foundation, we contend that university-community partnerships can be parasitic, mutualistic or commensalistic, depending upon how engagement is undertaken, and how the community itself is engaged. The authors provide suggestions on appropriate policy, education, and capacity building changes. Ultimately, if we pay attention to the possibility of a “dark side” of community engagement, we can become better aware of how communities, faculty, students and community developers effectively engage to the benefit of all.
40-9871
community development. Community Development Society. good practice. justice. love. power.
This is the outgoing address by Ronald J. Hustedde, CDS Chair of the Board of Directors, given to the Community Development Society at the 2022 Virtual CDS Conference on 20 July 2022.
40-9872
capacity. direct engagement. direct engagement. Neighborhood assistance center. neighborhood associations. university–community partnerships.
Variations in capacity among neighborhood associations (NAs) may impede their ability to address resident needs. In many cities, neighborhood assistance centers (NACs) offer programs and services that help NAs build organizational capacity to achieve their objectives. As ambassadors of NA interests, NACs may aid in fostering direct engagement to extend the potential for community partnerships. Utilizing an exploratory case study approach, this research examines the role of a NAC in a university–community (U-C) partnership toward improving NA capacity in Omaha, Nebraska. The main finding of this investigation is that NACs, acting as intermediaries, may conciliate U-C partnerships that would otherwise be inaccessible or impracticable for individual NAs. Congruent with extant literature, the analysis describes a model of central themes for direct engagement and offers recommendations for U-C partnerships with NACs.
40-9873
community development. community empowerment. resilience. sustainable development. tourism.
Tourism is increasingly recognized as a vital force for resilience, offering communities the chance to develop sustainable and adaptable systems amidst various challenges. This research explores the link between tourism and community resilience, focusing on ways to enhance resilience through tourism activities. By reviewing existing literature and case studies, we assess how tourism supports economic, environmental, social, and cultural resilience. The findings show that tourism is essential for diversifying economies, promoting environmental sustainability, preserving cultural heritage, and fostering social inclusion. However, issues like over-tourism, environmental harm, and cultural commodification hinder resilience-building. To address these, we propose strategies for policymakers, planners, and stakeholders to integrate resilience principles into tourism development. These include promoting sustainable tourism, increasing community engagement, and forming partnerships for collaborative resilience initiatives. By leveraging tourism’s transformative potential, communities can strengthen their resilience, ensuring long-term sustainability and adaptability in a changing world.
40-9874
Campus-community. community development. community education. community engagement. higher education. Nonprofit Excellence and Transformation (NExT) Program.
Campus-community partnerships are a beneficial service learning staple for students, communities, and nonprofit partners. Although many such partnerships are established, it is less likely that the connection weathers student turnover, leadership changes, and misalignments in process or purpose. The Nonprofit Excellence and Transformation (NExT) Program at the Siena College Center for Academic Community Engagement pairs interdisciplinary teams with local nonprofit partners to work on organization-specific projects. The Wildwood Programs project, conducted by a NExT team from 2019–2021, is an ideal template for a long-term, student-led partnership. Themes from community development literature were identified and compared to student experiences to establish reasons for the partnership’s success and sustainability. Best practices found through this study aligned with the three main pillars of the NExT Program: Relationship, Leadership, and Action. This categorical framework can be adapted by scholars, students, and practitioners to improve longevity and quality of future campus-community partnerships in higher education.
40-9875
community development. landcare. neighborhood centers. Participatory development practice. spiral model of community education.
This article, drawing on an action research project, argues for the revitalized use of two under-utilized practice frameworks for community development in the pursuit of social change. The two frameworks – Participatory Development Practice and the Spiral Model of Community Education – support a citizen-led approach to practice, one that focuses on the relational and dialogical elements of group processes. Starting with stories of citizens’ lived experiences, a structural or community analysis about the root causes of oppression is enabled and supports community action that can be sustained over time. Findings from the action research showed that groups benefitted from foregrounding their own need for social sustainability and that the educational approach of Freire helped them shift from an antagonistic conflict mode to a dialogical or agonistic conflict mode which created confidence to engage in difficult conversations supporting their community development efforts.
40-9876
Accreditation. community development. Community Development Education. Community Development Society. Competencies. pedagogy.
This brief essay offers background on the issues facing community development as a professional degree. The essay highlights the need for comprehension and consensus around core competencies, shared values, and standards to guide the design and assessment of academic community development programs. The essay includes summaries on theoretical canon, pedagogies, and the fragmented state of community development as an educational field. In particular, accreditation is offered as a strategy for potential success. Progress by and insights from a related Community Development Society working group are provided to readers.
40-9877
collaboration. Community Development Society. community development theory. critical perspectives frameworks. stakeholder. State of the field methodological rigor.
Community Development as a journal has undergone streamlining, yet much work remains to improve the journal’s relations with its many stakeholders around the world and within the field of community development. Community Development, in collaboration with the Community Development Society, must respond to the calls of communities. This article conveys the voice of the Community Development editorial team relative to these critical calls. We begin by sharing the significance of honoring and reconciling our past, while carrying forward lessons learned. We then turn to many of the challenges in the field posed as questions: What are we missing? Where are we stagnating? Where are we not challenging the assumptions? Where must we build bridges between theory, practice, and education? And, how do we strive against a “dark side” future? Ultimately, our intent is to critique the journal and the field, pushing the narrative toward a more engaged and interactive CD field.
40-9878
Disempowerment. empowerment. oppression. power dynamics. radical community development.
Using a dimensions of power framework that integrates the theoretical work of Gaventa, Giddens, and Young, this paper unpacks the meanings of self-efficacy, solidarity, and agency in relation to different forms of power. These definitions: (1) reaffirm radical understandings of empowerment as an internal process for both individuals and groups, as well as a function of enabling institutional and societal structures, and (2) enable critical examination of the role of community development professionals in the pursuit of empowerment at these various levels of analysis. We begin with a critique of imposed, deficit-oriented approaches to community development and examine how mainstream practices have shifted intentions toward asset-oriented, participatory work within communities served, but even in the best circumstances fail to address underlying systemic barriers to empowerment and community well-being. Based on this analysis, we consider how these findings call for transformation of the role of professional community developers.
40-9879
community development. community networking. gentrification. participatory action research. participatory evaluation. socio-economic position.
The process of gentrification encompasses numerous social, demographic, urbanistic, and economic consequences, among others. The majority of these outcomes are negative and demonstrate little consideration for the community and the territory in which they transpire. This paper presents a case study of a community project in a gentrified area of Palma (Balearic Islands – Spain), aimed at mitigating these consequences through community organization and empowerment. The article seeks to assess the subjective impact of the Intercultural Community Intervention Project and explore barriers to promoting participatory community development in gentrified locales. Findings indicate improvements incommunity networks and its responsiveness to social challenges, yet underscore difficulties in engaging the higher socio-economic status population. Another concern is the need for a technical team to sustain the community-driven process. In conclusion, community policies are recommended to empower the populace in addressing the social repercussions of gentrification by fostering spaces for participation and facilitating shared decision-making.
15-2 SMALL TOWN/RURAL DEVELOPMENT
40-9702
community empowerment. dual discourses. multiple perspectives. perspectives. resilience. Rural community. Scotland. stakeholders.
This paper seeks to examine understandings and applications of rural community resilience. Scottish policy has shifted toward neoliberalism and community empowerment, with communities encouraged to play a proactive role in enhancing their own resilience. We argue that it is important to understand the perspectives of multiple stakeholders to identify what practical factors they believe enhance community resilience and to provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms through which community resilience can be delivered. Drawing on qualitative data collection, we question what resilience means and what factors can facilitate it in practice. We find that dual discourses of resilience emerge: the emergency which reflects the policy focus on short-term damage reduction, and the everyday which reflects the desire for more long-term adaptive capacities developing in response to gradual change in rural communities. We conclude that the discourse which stakeholders align with will affect how they understand, adopt, and practice the concept.
40-9703
community capital framework. One Commune, One Product (OCOP). One Village One Product (OVOP). rural entrepreneurship. social entrepreneurship ecosystem (SEE).
This study explores the efficacy of Vietnam’s One Commune, One Product (OCOP) program as a community development program. Participation in the OCOP program by rural enterprises resulted in increased stocks of community capital: (1) human capital through participation in training and workshops; (2) social capital through networking at OCOP workshops, training events, and trade fairs directly; and (3) financial capital due to enhanced livelihoods through domestic and exports sales of OCOP branded products. These social and economic outcomes result from the OCOP-enabled opportunities for participants to develop their business and entrepreneurial skills and access resources to build better livelihoods while developing their portfolio of community capital and enhancing their rural social and economic entrepreneurial ecosystem.
40-9704
culturally responsive practice. evaluation. health promotion. Identity. rural community development.
Many practitioners use culturally responsive approaches for community development; however, identity-oriented frameworks may enhance holistic engagement with communities and foster increased participatory collaboration. The current study identifies components of identity narratives within a community-based health-promotion initiative focused on rural food access through a culturally responsive lens to develop a preliminary theory of identity-oriented evaluation. Data were collected with members of the community coalition in one county participating in the rural health-promotion program. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to identify themes related to identity construction by participants. Themes included community identity, economic narratives of health, personal identity, descriptions of coalition, cultural food preferences, identity constructions around health, community-first perspective, collaboration across community sectors, slowness of change, and social observations related to behavior change. Looking at the themes in a rural health-promotion context, the authors discuss implications for engaging in community development using identity as an entry point for participatory work.
40-9880
COVID-19 pandemic. facilitated dialogue. Mixed-methods research. rural rapid appraisal. virtual data collection.
This article presents a methodological case conceptualized de novo during the pandemic to identify priorities for investment in rural community development. To achieve project objectives, traditional research approaches were adapted to an entirely virtual setting. The project was a two-stage, mixed-methods rapid appraisal process, with data analyzed using the Community Capitals Framework. First, an online survey was conducted, collecting responses from rural community development practitioners across the U.S. Second, quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to identify rural development priority areas. Results were used to design and facilitate virtual dialogue sessions with key informants to inventory assets, challenges, and opportunities in rural communities. Dialogue outcomes contributed to identifying priority areas for national and regional investments in rural development. This article opens dialogue within the field on community-engaged research in the digital age. Lessons learned include challenges of institutional trust, broadband access, and methodological modifications to accommodate virtual settings.
40-9881
Book deserts. community development. community engagement. equity. university–community partnerships. urban schools.
The purpose of this theory-to-practice paper on community engagement within education is to focus on developing a new collaborative model within a university-school partnership to address book deserts. Drawing on the historical work of previous scholars regarding equity, policy, and community engagement, this article adds to the existing research regarding long-term initiatives to eliminate book deserts. The focus of this work includes details of an ongoing community engagement initiative with a community development literacy partnership model to build school and classroom libraries in underserved communities of color. Implications for scholars, activists, and community advocates who focus on social action surrounding community development are discussed and delineated.
40-9882
collaboration. Guatemala. Interventions. majority world countries. nongovernmental organization (NGOs).
Based on the author’s personal experiences in Guatemala, this paper outlines some problematic issues in well-intentioned interventions in that country. The distribution of community-oriented projects by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) does not align with either the population distribution nor the needs of the people as indexed by poverty levels. Instead, projects are located in areas with favorable climates that are frequented by tourists. Negative aspects of the interventions may include untoward consequences of microfinance initiatives, lack of collaboration among NGOs, exploitative use of photographs of vulnerable children, and goals inconsistent with those of parents and communities. Both short-term and long-term evaluations are essential to ensure that interventions are benefiting the well-being of individuals and strengthening the social fabric of their communities.
40-9883
collective action. community perception. Rural community-based tourism. rural development. social tensions.
This paper aims to analyze the community’s perception and capacity for collective action around the development of rural community-based tourism (RCBT) in the context of mass tourism, modern agriculture practices, and low levels of trust in local governments, in the Ricaurte Province in Boyacá, Colombia. An exploratory analysis was done by interviewing different stakeholders, which was followed by a quantitative survey administered to different types of local actors in the tourism value chain. This mixed-method approach enabled the collection of community perceptions on the subject, as well as an understanding of their level of social capital and its connection with participation in RCBT. One of the main results was that communities perceive RCBT as an alternative development activity. However, certain challenges, such as apathy among the community toward governments and strengthening social capital, are also recognized.
40-9884
critical pedagogy. hope. positive psychology. Saemaul Undong. Uganda.
Hope is a cornerstone for community development addressing poverty and promoting transformation in the Global South. We examine how a non-governmental organization (NGO) intervention drawing on ideas from a Korea-based Saemaul Undong development approach inspired a rural community in Uganda with the hopeful spirit of nitubaasa (we can do). Combining conceptualizations of hope in positive psychology and critical pedagogy, based on qualitative interviews, we analyze how hope was promoted by introducing realistic goals, tangible pathways, and agency manifested in addressing shared problems, while analysis of persistent systemic challenges and their change as a platform for hope remained unaddressed. We argue that within the context of socioeconomic and political circumstances in Uganda, the initiative was both a harbinger of hope for the community, although, at the same time, that hope remained a mirage due to the focus on changing the mind-set of the poor rather than the circumstances that (re)produce poverty.
40-9885
community development. COVID-19 pandemic. internet access. Rural disability. Service providers. social isolation.
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, providers of independent living services for rural disabled people were forced to adapt how they conducted their operations. This study is a primary analysis of data based on transcripts from eight meetings of a nationwide network of service providers (n = 40 to 150 participants per meeting), who met virtually to provide peer support during the unfolding pandemic. We used qualitative thematic analysis to understand the ways these service providers adapted to address the needs of rural disabled people during the pandemic. We identified four main themes describing organizational adaptations. Although this was a predominantly challenging time, service providers identified ways their adaptations were beneficial. These included creating new ways to connect, reaching more people with disabilities, and reducing commuting time to provide services. Service providers intended to continue using their adapted strategies and platforms for providing services, and thus projected these benefits would be long-lasting.
40-9886
community development. e-commerce. regional. rural. social media. Women entrepreneur.
E-commerce businesses have proven to offer lifelines for residents in regional, rural, and remote (RRR) locations traditionally reliant on agricultural income. Prolonged droughts and frequent floods have had devastating impacts on the ability to farm, propelling the need to generate off-farm income to survive. This ever-growing necessity to overcome climate hardship has catalyzed a new generation of women e-commerce entrepreneurs in RRR Australia, in turn, supporting community development. Our study focuses on interviews with successful women e-commerce entrepreneurs from rural Queensland, Australia, to explore the common barriers they face and their use of social media to connect with consumers throughout Australia and globally. Results identified their three greatest challenges to be product supply, product distribution, and unreliable internet connectivity. Data exploring social media behaviors suggested a strong reliance on Facebook and Instagram to drive website traffic and generate sales. This study provides a unique contribution to knowledge regarding an under-researched segment of entrepreneurs, and how they contribute to community development.
40-9887
green consumption. green development. rural tourism destination. tourists. urban tourism destination.
The current explosive growth of global consumption has caused many environmental problems, so guiding and regulating the public’s green consumption intention and behavior is an important issue. By constructing the tourist green consumption model of urban and rural tourism destinations (TAM-TPB), this paper uses the PLS-SEM method to expound the realization path and mechanism of tourists’ green consumption intention in urban and rural destinations. The TAM-TPB model provides better explanatory and predictive power for urban destinations than for rural destinations. In addition, the perceived usefulness plays a significant mediating effect, especially in urban destinations, and the green consumption attitude will not mediate or directly affect consumption intention. Finally, there is a certain gap in tourists’ green consumption intention between urban and rural destinations, but it is limited to the paths from perceived ease of use to consumption attitude and from subjective norm to consumption intention.
Highlights
The paper studies the realization path and mechanism of tourists’ green consumption intention in urban and rural tourism destinations. The paper first applies TAM to tourism green consumption field, constructing the model of TAM-TPB by PLS-SEM. The TAM-TPB model provides better explanatory and predictive power for urban destinations than for rural destinations. The green consumption attitude does not mediate or directly impact consumption intention. The findings will contribute to enrich the theoretical system of tourism green consumption research and provide practical references for the guidance of public green consumption behavior and the transformation of green consumption.
15-3 REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
40-9705
Capabilities. community. ecosystem. entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship. social entrepreneurship ecosystem (SEE).
Social entrepreneurs do not work alone; they shape and are shaped by their entrepreneurial ecosystem. While navigating the ecosystem, it is critical to remain focused on the community, including beneficiaries and the end-user. After a brief review of the entrepreneurship ecosystem (EE) and social entrepreneurship ecosystem (SEE) literature and its evolution over time, we elaborate the active and passive roles of community within the SEE, considering both agency and participation. Turning to the capabilities approach, developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, we show its relevance not only for understanding the way community impacts the SEE, but also as a theoretical frame for processes and programs that aim to further embed community in the SEE. To illustrate this, we discuss the processes of asset mapping, human-centered design, and integrated advocacy; the way they relate to strengthening community-SEE integration; and the way they reflect the capabilities approach. We conclude by discussing lessons learned and providing suggestions for further research.
40-9706
community development. Joint use. power. Power Schools Community development.
What explains the level of joint use service delivery between communities and schools? Using a 2019 nation wide survey of 996 US local governments, we assess the community level factors that lead to more joint use services with schools. These include services for children (child care, child nutrition for evenings, weekends, summer), adults (adult education, nutrition programs, school buses to transport seniors), and the entire community (recreation and health care services for all ages). We identify key factors that differentiate more joint use services. We measure two types of power – hierarchical power over, and horizontal power with. We find power with (partnership and formal joint use agreements) is more important than power over (local government siting and budget control over schools). We also find engagement of families and seniors in the planning process can lead to a common vision, and this also leads to more joint use services with schools.
40-9888
adaptation. climate change. land-use planning. remote-sensed estimates. sample selection. urban form. Urban Heat Island (UHI). urban planning.
This paper empirically analyses the relationship between urban form and Urban Heat Island (UHI) in a dataset of 523 European cities that matches remotely sensed land-use and surface temperature data. A UHI anomaly is defined as an uninterrupted streak of days where the temperature differential measured at 12.00 AM between the city core and its surroundings is higher than a given threshold. From this definition, three UHI indicators are obtained: mean intensity, mean duration of the event and occurrence rate. We study the influence of urban morphology on the UHI indictors with a Heckman model. A sample selection bias is detected for mean intensity and mean duration. The estimation results also show that some urban morphological features have a mitigating effect, while some others play a role at the adaptation level.
40-9889
Agriculture and Community. Organizational Development. regional development. rural community development. rural economic development.
Family farms are central to the American agricultural economy and vital inputs to the prosperity and sustainably of rural communities. Yet, the resiliency of these farms is threatened by uncertainties associated with intergenerational leadership succession. The current study used a set of theoretical constructs from Rogers’s (2003) Innovation Diffusion Model (centralization, formalization, interconnectedness, organizational slack, size) to guide a qualitative exploration of the implications of intergenerational leadership dynamics on the organizational innovativeness of six family farms in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Three themes emerged across all six farms that bring nuance and complexity to the understanding of organizational innovativeness and intergenerational leadership dynamics within family farms. The themes together reveal the importance of routine ingenuity, the honoring of legacy, and conservative innovation on the longer-term resiliency of intergenerational family farms and the community systems in which they are positioned.
40-9890
characterizations. community development. Conceptualization. multidisciplinary approach. typology.
The need to conceptualize the field of community development more accurately has increased during recent decades. This is largely the result of a growing field marked by its multidisciplinary nature, but also because of the multifaceted ways in which communities around the world participate in the development process. In this article, we approach the task of conceptualizing community development by providing a conceptual definition that serves both academics and practitioners. More importantly, based on such conceptualization, we offer a typology that accounts for the different forms in which community development is practiced providing strengths and weaknesses of each form.
40-9891
land-use change. metropolitan governance. politics of scale. regional governance.
In this study, I propose an analytical approach to describe the institutional trajectory of metropolitan authorities by using theory-based institutional models that, like ‘ebbs’ and ‘flows’, alternate over time. By employing a comparative, qualitative case-based approach, I empirically validated this analytical approach by reconstructing the divergent institutional trajectories of the metropolitan authorities in Barcelona, Spain and Milan, Italy over a period of 70 years. Furthermore, I examine to what extent the different institutional trajectories of both metropolitan authorities have had an indirect impact on land-use patterns by comparing longitudinal datasets (1950s-2010s) at different territorial scales. Results show that the different institutional models characterizing both metropolitan authorities cannot be clearly associated with a higher or lower proportion of urbanized areas. Rather, findings suggest that it is the inter-mediating role that metropolitan authorities routinely perform that can promote efficient land-use development and sustainable use of land as a scarce resource (equifinality).
16. International Planning
16-2 APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
40-9892
heuristic-systematic information processing model. information processing. PM2.5-reduction behavior. protection behavior decision model.
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the main pollutant particle of smog pollution. Public PM2.5-reduction behavior is beneficial and important to the reduction of smog emissions. The article aims to investigate the influencing factors of the intention for individuals’ PM2.5-reduction. A conceptual model was proposed from the perspective of the protection behavior decision model and the heuristic-systematic information processing model. A random questionnaire survey was conducted in Hefei City, China. Results suggest that risk perception is a positive determinant of PM2.5-reduction intention, information insufficiency, and information-seeking intention. Information insufficiency positively determines systematic processing and information-seeking intention but fails to influence heuristic processing. Information-seeking intention is positively correlated with systematic processing and heuristic processing. Systematic processing positively determines PM2.5-reduction intention. However, the results suggest that heuristic processing has no significant effect on PM2.5-reduction intention. The findings of this study provide practical implications for enhancing individuals’ PM2.5-reduction intention.
16-4 NATIONAL/REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
40-9893
Government environmental governance information disclosure. information credibility. perceived controllability. risk perception. risk reduction ideology. subjective wellbeing.
To deal with environmental deterioration issues, various regulations and laws have been implemented by the Chinese government, including disclosing environmental governance information to the public to increase environmental transparency. This has not only affected the environmental governance performance but also residents’ subjective well-being. This research aims to investigate whether, how and when government environmental governance information disclosure affects residents’ subjective well-being in China. Data were gathered from 537 respondents and the analysis revealed that government environmental governance information disclosure exerts a significantly positive effect on residents’ subjective well-being, mainly by reducing risk perception and improving perceived controllability. Furthermore, the result found that the positive influence of government environmental governance information disclosure on residents’ subjective well-being depends on information credibility. Information credibility strengthens the effect of government environmental governance information disclosure. According to the findings, relevant recommendations to perfect government environmental governance information disclosure and improve residents’ subjective well-being were provided.
40-9894
Community resilience. financial capital. human capital. Self-Help Groups (SHGs). Social capital.
Measuring household resilience significantly contributes to developing community resiience. This study explores the impact of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) on household resilience- measured using a household’s financial, physical, natural, human and social capital. A comparative analysis shows that non-SHG households possess more financial, physical and natural capital, which is inherently tied to the socioeconomic and demographic profile of households. Association with SHGs enhances human and social capital by improving households’ education, skills and capabilities, thereby increasing resilience. The study concludes that expanding SHGs through policy support can strengthen community resilience by enhancing household capabilities and social connections.
40-9895
community development. economic development. higher education. institutions of higher education (IHEs). neoliberalism. postneoliberalism. university and regional economic development.
Due largely to the recognition of neoliberalism’s role increasing socioeconomic inequalities by both the political right and the left, neoliberalism is evolving into postneoliberalism. While the characteristics of postneoliberalism are still being determined, at the moment it is taking on authoritarian and anti-democratic qualities. I argue that this paradigm shift to postneoliberalism provides institutions of higher education (IHEs) an opportunity to reaffirm and reassess their economic development efforts, emphasizing social justice and equity. I draw upon the interactional approach to community development to argue for specific practices IHEs can take. These practices include making the organizational capacity of these institutions more inclusive internally and externally; utilizing local knowledges and resources; and implementing policies that support a focus on social justice both externally in how the university interacts with communities, as well as internally so that faculty efforts are more effectively supported.
16-5 DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
40-9707
Building permit. European countries. process comparison. process modelling. urban development.
Building permit processes serve as crucial gatekeepers for urban development, regulating compliance with building codes, land use policies, and safety and environmental standards. However, their complexity can lead to inefficiencies and hinder economic growth. While existing studies have made significant contributions to building permit process research, they often focus on individual countries or specific aspects, leaving a gap in comprehensive comparative analysis. Characteristics, and patterns of building permit processes vary widely across jurisdictions due to legal, cultural, technological, and institutional factors which makes a comparative analysis of these variations beneficial. To address the lack of building permit process studies, our research focusses on from an extensive comparative study of building permit processes in 17 European countries. Through semi-structured interviews and process diagrams, we investigate the differences and provide a comparative overview summarizing key characteristics. The findings have the potential to be used by policy makers and practice to better understand and compare the evolution of building permit systems in a broad international context. By bridging research gaps and providing a comprehensive view of these processes, we contribute to the awareness of the diversity of the processes and to fostering greater understanding of building permit processes.
16-6 TRANSNATIONAL PLANNING
40-9896
data ecosystems. Singapore. smart city. Subterranean space. technological solutionism.
This paper argues that the emergence of new frontiers of smart transformation, such as underground spaces, can pose significant challenges to the implementation of “smart” technological solutions. Exploring the case of Singapore’s Digital Underground initiative, we show that elements such as material complexity, co-ordination between stakeholders, and the availability of appropriate regulatory and administrative frameworks can problematize the implementation of subterranean smart initiatives. By considering multistakeholder perspectives on these “more-than-technological” factors, this paper offers lessons for urban planners, policymakers, and developers in cities around the world that are keen to leverage technology to unlock the potential of underground space.
METHODOLOGY/QUANTITATIVE/ECONOMIC/QUALITATIVE
20. Methodology
20-1 MATHEMATICAL MODELS
40-9708
Building deterioration. condition-based maintenance. inhomogeneous Markov chain. LSTM neural network. residual correction. structural safety.
To ensure a safe environment for occupants, predicting long-term structural deterioration of buildings is critical. However, existing models have limited capability to predict structural deterioration with mathematical tractability and accuracy, especially for large-scale building clusters. To address this gap, this study aims to establish a new integrated Markov-LSTM model, combining the strengths of model-driven and data-driven methods, for enhanced structural deterioration prediction. Specifically, the proposed two-stage inhomogeneous Markov chain allows the deterioration process to be tractable through the derivation of analytical transition probabilities. To further improve the accuracy, long short-term memory (LSTM) is employed to predict the residuals calculated from Markov-based predictions and true values. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated through two case studies, using snapshot data of large-scale building clusters. The results demonstrate significant improvements over benchmark models, with the reduction of mean absolute error (MAE) by an average of 0.1780 (and 0.3292), mean squared error (MSE) by 0.1421 (and 0.5717), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) by 4.7778% (and 13.2736%) in Case 1 (and Case 2). This study contributes to research and practice in structural deterioration prediction by providing both mathematical tractability and accuracy, focusing on large-scale building clusters, and supporting more effective condition-based maintenance.
20-2 INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY
40-9709
autonomous scanning. indoor mapping. laser scanner. Leica BLK ARC. quadruped robot. Terrestrial scanning.
Acquiring precise and comprehensive representations of architectural structures or industrial installations is crucial for a variety of monitoring and cadastral applications. A number of tools have been developed for this purpose, but they often face the problem with balancing accuracy and acquisition time. Terrestrial laser scanners typically provide the highest precision in point clouds, as they perform scanning while motionlessly mounted on rigid tripods. Careful pre-planning is needed for scanner locations on the object under investigation. Limited number of scanning locations often compromises point clouds at inaccessible locations, especially in complex environments. In this paper, we propose a solution to this issue by employing an autonomous quadrupedal robot-based laser scanner to augment the point clouds obtained with high-precision stationary scanners. We demonstrate this approach in an auditorium consisting of stairs, multi-row seats and additional complex-shaped acoustic diffusors.
40-9710
ComfyBot. human-robot interaction. Indoor-environmental quality (IEQ). mobile robots. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE).
Post-occupancy evaluation collects occupant feedback and assesses indoor environmental quality to enhance the indoor environment. Traditional paper- and web-based surveys have several limitations, such as discontinuous, labor-intensive, and suffer from low response rates and participation bias. Meanwhile, state-of-the-art IEQ monitoring methods have limited spatial resolution, cumbersome calibration and maintenance, and high costs. In this paper, a mobile sensing ComfyBot was developed to actively solicit occupants’ feedback while continuously monitoring IEQ parameters, including temperature, humidity, sound, illuminance, and CO2. A one-week field experiment was conducted in three student offices, ranging from 480 to 1,620 ft2, on a university campus. 34 participants voluntarily participated, and the results showed that the ComfyBot: (1) significantly increased the response rate of the POE surveys from 0.13 to 0.90; (2) was perceived as useful with a mean usability score of 72.8 out of 100. Among the 23 valid exit-survey responses, 78% preferred responding to the ComfyBot survey and 87% expressed willingness to interact with the ComfyBot again; and (3) captured more representative sentiments of participants than email surveys. Therefore, the study contributes and concludes that ComfyBot enables facility managers to collect occupant feedback, measure continuous IEQ parameters and detect anomalies to create a healthy and sustainable indoor environment.
20-3 STATISTICS/ECONOMETRICS
40-9897
difference-in-difference (DID) model. haze pollution. low-carbon cities. propensity score matching. VAR model.
Based on the relation analysis through the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, this study investigates the effect of the construction of low-carbon cities on haze pollution in China by using the Difference in Differences-Propensity Score Matching (PSM-DID) method. In addition, we examine the influencing mechanism of low-carbon city construction on haze pollution, namely technical innovation effect, industrial structure effect and population quality effect. The results show that the construction of low-carbon cities has not effectively reduced haze pollution in pilot cities. Further study shows that the failure of the reduction effect on haze pollution may lie in the ineffectiveness of technical innovation effect and population quality effect of low-carbon city construction, as well as the regional heterogeneity. Finally, we propose several recommendations in terms of overall construction strategies, green development of technology and industry, and regional heterogeneous policies to better alleviate China’s haze pollution through the construction of low-carbon cities.
20-4 RESEARCH METHODS
40-9711
airtightness. indoor air quality. Natural ventilation. nearly zero energy buildings (NZEBs). thermal comfort. user’s habits.
During the design stage of a detached house located in warm climate, passive strategies were integrated and a high-energy efficiency qualification was achieved in accordance with the Spanish Building Technical Code (CTE). During the execution phase, an elevated level of control was carried out to guarantee airtightness and thermal insulation quality according to the specifications of the project. A hybrid ventilation system was designed and installed as it was allowed under Spanish regulations for residential buildings, but as a legislative exception. The mechanical part of the hybrid ventilation system was deactivated by the owner due to his cultural perception that effective ventilation can only be achieved by opening windows. Consequently, with the operable aerators closed, ventilation relied solely on traditional Mediterranean airing habits, impacting both the indoor air change rate and subsequently, indoor air quality and thermal comfort. This research aims to assess whether satisfactory levels of thermal comfort and indoor air quality can be attained solely through these airing habits, thus questioning the necessity of active strategies to meet the indoor air change rate requirements. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality are evaluated based on indoor environmental data correlated with users’ declared ventilation habits.
40-9712
hotel reviews. indoor comfort. Indoor Environment Quality. multi-domain IEQ. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE). text mining. user satisfaction.
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) significantly affects occupants’ well-being and comfort. Assessing IEQ typically involves post-occupancy evaluation (POE), a method that can be time-consuming and particularly challenging in hotel settings, where guests may be disrupted by frequent requests for feedback. Hence, this paper investigates the capability of text mining to extract valuable information for IEQ assessment, such as identifying the main causes of IEQ dissatisfaction, detecting combined occurrences of IEQ aspects, and exploring the relationship between IEQ dissatisfaction and hotel attractiveness. To this aim, the study analysed 1494 five-star hotels in Europe, comprising 515,738 reviews. Among them, 13.1% contained references to keywords related to IEQ aspects. The major cause of dissatisfaction in hotels is acoustic (42.7% of the reviews), followed by thermal (35.7%), visual (11.1%) comfort, and IAQ (10.5%). Additionally, 9580 reviews demonstrated the co-occurrence of multiple IEQ aspects, highlighting the interplay between different aspects. Furthermore, the reviewer score, reflecting the hotel’s attractiveness, showed an inverse relationship with the percentage of dissatisfied guests regarding IEQ, highlighting the impact of the indoor environment on the hotel rating. Overall, text mining is effective in supporting IEQ assessment and the study underscores the effect of addressing IEQ aspects on a facility’s overall appeal.
40-9713
expert views. Indoor-environmental quality (IEQ). relative importance. survey. weighting schemes.
Indoor-environmental quality (IEQ) assessments must consider multiple aspects and domains. In this context, common IEQ building evaluation and rating schemes frequently apply conjoint indicators to aggregate these different aspects via importance or significance ranking formalisms involving, for instance, points, scores and weights. However, the reasoning for the specific selection of variables and the sources of their assigned weights are not necessarily disclosed as a matter of course. In the present contribution, we investigate one of the paths to the provision of such reasoning that leans on experts’ views. Online feedback from a small sample of IEQ experts provided the basis for the illustration of this path and the kinds of principal insights that it can offer, including the degree of consistency among experts and the potential factors that could influence their judgment. Moreover, the study also exemplified the process of deriving relative importance weightings (i.e. coefficients applied to various domain and sub-category variables) and how such processes can be applied toward a total IEQ measure. The study’s findings underscore the need to improve the transparency of the processes through which such schemes and their constitutive ingredients are arrived at.
40-9714
Building construction. foundations. geotechnical works. Life cycle assessment (LCA). soft clay.
Achieving climate-neutral building construction requires a comprehensive understanding of the climate impact of all relevant building elements, including geotechnical works. However, research on life cycle assessment (LCA) of geotechnical works in building construction remains limited. This study conducted a ‘cradle-to-handover’ LCA of geotechnical works for a 36-storey office building situated on soft clay in Sweden. Using project-specific data and the European Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) method v3.1 in SimaPro v9.6.0.1, the geotechnical works (modules A1–A5) contributed a climate impact of 121.1 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) per square metre (m2) of gross floor area (GFA). This accounts for approximately 23.9% of the total climate impact during the construction stage, assuming the superstructure meets the proposed national-level limit value of 385 kg CO2eq/m2 GFA in Sweden. The three main contributors to the total climate impact of the geotechnical works were steel piles (64.9%), concrete piles (22.3%) and sheet pile walls (9.9%). The results highlight the need to incorporate geotechnical works into decarbonization strategies for building construction, particularly in challenging soil conditions. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of fostering more effective communication among stakeholders to drive sustainability efforts throughout the building construction stage.
40-9715
adaptation. comfort. differences. hospitalized patients. Indoor Environment Quality. mixed methods. qualitative data. quantitative data.
Ensuring hospitalized patients’ comfort requires understanding differences in comfort and adaptation to discomfort, as well as the role of the built environment therein. Shortcomings in this understanding result from limitations of existing research methods. Therefore the potential of a mixed methods research design to investigate when and why experiences of and adaption to (dis)comfort differ among hospitalized patients was explored. A convergent mixed methods case study was conducted in two hospital wards of a Belgian hospital. Qualitative data included interviews with 19 patients about their experiences and information about the patients at the two wards during the fieldwork; quantitative data included sensor measurements of indoor environmental quality parameters (i.e. illuminance and indoor temperature), a questionnaire among 238 patients about their assessment of the indoor conditions, and simulations of these conditions. Joint displays allowed comparing situations in which characteristics related to the patients or their setting differed in an integrated way. The displays provide an intermediate step between purely qualitative descriptions of comfort and adaptation and purely quantitative models that predict both. Scenarios that the joint displays allow identifying inform about characteristics that could improve these models, and about roles of the built environment in experiences.
40-9898
case studies. conservation efforts. cultural practices. spirituality and conservation. Wildlife sustainability.
Conservation often focuses on specific species, providing insights into the connections among local culture and communities. Cultural and spiritual relationships can be harnessed for better conservation outcomes but must be critically explored, particularly by local community members and cultural experts. Substantial literature documents culture and spirituality tied to human well-being, yet only a small body of work addresses spiritual and cultural ties to wildlife conservation. We document efforts that connect conservation with local cultural and spiritual beliefs. Rather than an exclusionary selection process, local conservationists put forth case studies to share their projects. Based on the collaborators’ experience and expertise, round-table collaborator discussions yielded recommendations and guidelines for culturally relevant, and practice-based local conservation approaches. These are blueprints that can be tailored to other contexts, if community-based practices and research are employed. Conservationists can leverage these recommendations to improve conservation projects and fruitfully develop spirituality and cultural inclusivity in conservation.
40-9899
attitude to innovation. community environment. rural community development. rural innovation. transdisciplinary research.
Resistance to change and a negative attitude toward innovation (ATI) are attributes often associated to rural communities. Studies on rural ATI focus on technological adoption, but sociopsychological aspects are little explored. This article identifies the factors influencing the ATI in Mexican peasant organizations, using a systemic model with an individual sphere (affective and cognitive components), a social sphere (social capital, information, cultural values) and a territorial sphere. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 123 members of six peasants organizations in a tropical region. In the individual sphere, results showed a balance between affective and cognitive components. In the social sphere, high social capital and good information access promote a positive ATI, while cultural values do not appear as relevant barriers. Practical implications include the stigmatization eradication of rural communities as non-innovative, and their recognition as sensitive subjects building their ATI facing risks in adverse territorial contexts.
40-9900
Advisory service providers. Farm productivity. productivity. Service providers. Tanzania.
Despite existence of multiple agricultural advisory service providers, there is limited evidence on their contribution to farmers’ productivity. This study applied the multinomial endogenous switching regression model to analyze incremental effects of multiple advisory service providers on the partial and total factor productivities of 665 farmers in Tanzania. The study contributes to the literature by using number of service providers rather than binary or frequency measures of extension access. Results showed that farmers working with two service providers had higher improvement in the productivity of maize as well as all crops grown than those using one, three or four service providers. We recommend targeting of agricultural advisory services to meet specific needs of different crops grown by farmers in various localities, enhanced coordination and monitoring of service providers to enhance the relevance, quality and timeliness of the services provided by different actors so as to improve farm productivity levels.
40-9901
communication design. critical discourse. participation. research methodology. Visual media.
This paper provides reflexive account of an arts-based communication tool used for a community development project in Manitoba, Canada. Drawing upon an intersectional perspective of social, health, and environmental inequalities, the multi-phase engagement involved citizens (n?=?17; n?=?9) as well as global policymakers (n?=?6) in healthy cities, age-friendly cities, and sustainable city policy arenas. A visual graphic was employed to foster bidirectional dialogue between concerned local residents and global policymakers, forming the backbone of a community engagement strategy. Reflective analysis demonstrates how art can be mobilized toward reducing inequalities while notable challenges remain—including omission of highly-sidelined perspectives amidst complex interdisciplinarity; potential reductionism leading to manufactured consent; and considerations of communities inherently excluded in a qualitative, arts-based community engagement. The impacts of art on power hierarchies, emotion, project efficiency, and privilege are reviewed, with the objective of supporting more inclusive arts-based communications in future research.
40-9902
accessibility. disability. inclusive city. Mapping. Participatory research. wheelchair users.
In this article, we discuss a participatory project with people with disabilities. In light of the lack of collaboration with people with disabilities in (spatial) decision-making processes, our aim was to develop and test a method that allowed for the involvement of people with disabilities in community development, and in particular in mapping accessibility and inclusivity in various places and spaces in the city of Groningen (the Netherlands). In this project, we collaborated with clients at ‘s Heeren Loo, an organization that provides housing and care for clients with acquired brain injury, deafness with complex problems and chronic neurological disorders. We describe our approach and experiences in participatory research, focusing on the opportunities and challenges in developing and implementing a data collection method that enabled us to involve people with a disability as co-researchers.
40-9903
community engagement. fortress conservation. protected area management. socio-ecological systems. stakeholder. stakeholder analysis.
Research about the relations between protected areas and local communities ranges from nature-centred to human-centred approaches. Differing epistemic worldviews and fragmentation characterize this literature. We analyzed the rationale underpinning approaches to protected area governance. We classified them according to their perspective on human-nature relations. Using the components of stakeholder mapping, and adding the concepts of human-nature interaction, landscape values, and land-use preferences, we designed a conceptual framework and research method to improve understanding of the governance of specific protected areas. The method comprises 6 steps: (1) identify all stakeholders; (2) identify those stakeholders in power positions and determine their view of nature; (3) establish the landscape values and preferences of other stakeholder groups; (4) study the institutional context and power relations; (5) consider the agency and capacity of each group and their engagement with the protected area; and (6) determine what recommendations might be made to improve protected area governance.
40-9904
blue-collar location. blue–green spaces. environmental characteristics. interaction with nature. nature experience. perception of nature.
This study aims to investigate the impact of characteristics in blue–green spaces and integrations between characteristics on people’s preference for nature experience (perception of and interaction with nature). A total of 795 participants performed two sets of twelve choice tasks, each task presenting two photographs where eight characteristics were manipulated. Participants indicated which photograph was preferred for perception of and interaction with nature, respectively. Conjoint analysis was used to analyze the data. Water features were the most important characteristic, followed by bushes, upkeep, and trees. Integrating wildlife, peers, flowers, and paths with vegetation and water features can improve their attractiveness for nature experience. Upkeep should be prioritized in the single green space, but the integration between water features and bushes or trees in the blue–green space appeared to be most important. Through the design and integration of different characteristics, our research results contribute to the construction of nature experience environments in blue–green spaces.
20-5 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
40-9716
human subject. Indoor-environmental quality (IEQ). restlessness. sleep disruption. sleep quality. thermal comfort.
Research has proven that the ideal thermal comfort parameters for sleep differ from those for awake conditions. However, predicting thermal comfort for sleep is challenging, especially studies that permit subjects to perform normal adaptive behaviour such as choosing their own sleepwear and adding or removing blankets. Therefore, this study uses empirical data to predict subjects’ sleep interruptions from indoor environmental quality (IEQ) conditions. We monitored 15 human subjects in their own homes over 378 total person-nights, under their preferred sleeping conditions, recording asleep, awake, and restless periods, via wristband fitness trackers. We simultaneously monitored indoor environmental variables including dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, sound pressure levels, and carbon dioxide concentrations. By using explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), specifically, the XGBoost model, the study revealed that CO2 levels and heat index demonstrate the most significant association with sleep classification. Within the observed conditions of 16–25°C (with most observations falling within 21–23°C), an increase of 1.4°C in the average temperature and a 2–6% fluctuation in relative humidity tended to increase restlessness in the subjects. When temperature fluctuations exceeded 60% relative to the mean temperature, these fluctuations were correlated with a significant 50% reduction in sleep efficiency.
40-9717
computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs). corrective building maintenance. hospital maintenance. Performance metrics (PMs). work order.
Performance metrics (PMs) are essential in aiding hospital building maintenance managers in their decision-making processes. Although computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs) are widely used in hospital maintenance and can store extensive data, there is limited literature documenting PMs derived from these sources. This study aimed to identify PMs in corrective building maintenance using a CMMS dataset from a Brazilian public hospital covering the years 2017–2022. A case study was conducted by analysing the evolution of work orders (WOs) over time and investigating lead times across hospital sectors and maintenance services. Textual analysis was used to explore the relationship between specific terms within WOs and lead times. The findings revealed (i) the impact of COVID-19 on WOs, (ii) a lack of evidence that requests were prioritized based on their origin and (iii) the relationship between specific keywords in user requests and faster responses. This study demonstrates that analysing past WOs can potentially enhance hospital corrective maintenance processes.
40-9718
computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs). corrective building maintenance. hospital maintenance. performance metrics. Qualitative analysis. work order.
Performance metrics (PMs) are essential in aiding hospital building maintenance managers in their decision-making processes. Although computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs) are widely used in hospital maintenance and can store extensive data, there is limited literature documenting PMs derived from these sources. This study aimed to identify PMs in corrective building maintenance using a CMMS dataset from a Brazilian public hospital covering the years 2017–2022. A case study was conducted by analysing the evolution of work orders (WOs) over time and investigating lead times across hospital sectors and maintenance services. Textual analysis was used to explore the relationship between specific terms within WOs and lead times. The findings revealed (i) the impact of COVID-19 on WOs, (ii) a lack of evidence that requests were prioritized based on their origin and (iii) the relationship between specific keywords in user requests and faster responses. This study demonstrates that analysing past WOs can potentially enhance hospital corrective maintenance processes.
40-9905
academic metaphors. expressive metaphors. gestalt structures. heuristic metaphors. metaphor development. Qualitative metaphoric analysis.
Qualitative researchers commonly use metaphors to explore and discuss community development conditions, models, and practices. Yet no specific attention has been given in the community development literature to the elements and techniques that inform the conceptualization and integration of metaphors with qualitative analysis. Without deliberation and intentionality, the likelihood of metaphors becoming shallow wordplay and unnecessary distractions to the qualitative community development researcher is high. Accordingly, this essay provides a concise primer and set of recommendations for qualitative researchers to use to amplify the heuristic and expressive value of metaphors when studying community phenomena. The essay articulates the attributes of metaphors as qualitative analytical devices and explores factors that influence the integration of enriched metaphors with the analytical elements of qualitative community development research. The articulation and recommendations that follow center on three principal elements that span the creation and application of metaphors as heuristic and expressive devices. The elements are (1) intended function, (2) source and target domain conceptualization and structural form, and (3) quality initiation and activation. Qualitative community development researchers are encouraged to act on the recommendations in ways that spark their imaginations and strengthen their analysis and the presentation of the findings that follow.
40-9906
adaptive capacity. bridging links. farmers’ network. quantitative and qualitative methods. rural areas. social network analysis.
This study aimed to analyze the role of social capital and leadership in improving the adaptive capacity of Iranian pistachio farmers by using Social Network Analysis (SNA). The results indicate that the studied network is not a dense network, and there are few reciprocal and face-to-face relations among farmers. The findings also illustrate that in all cooperative links, there were no noticeable bridging links among the farmers and their tendency toward bonding links, indicating less bridging social capital at the three studied villages. The nature of relationships in social networks will improve if the quality of communication between individuals in a network and actors from other networks and villages is enhanced. This can increase the productivity of social networks and lead to higher quality resources, better support, development of useful information between networks and improvement in farmers’ adaptive capacity.
21. Population
21-2 POPULATION PLANNING
40-9907
adjustment factor. non-market valuation. population’s preference. subsistence needs. value transfer. willingness to pay (WTP).
Revealed and stated preference techniques are widely used to assess willingness to pay (WTP) for non-market goods as input to public and private decision-making. However, individuals first have to satisfy subsistence needs through market good consumption, which affects their ability to pay. We provide a methodological framework and derive a simple ex post adjustment factor to account for this effect. We quantify its impacts on the WTP for non-market goods and the ranking of projects theoretically, numerically and empirically. This confirms that non-adjusted WTP tends to be plutocratic: the views of the richest – whatever they are – are more likely to impact decision-making, potentially leading to ranking reversal between projects. We also suggest that the subsistence needs-based adjustment factor we propose has a role to play in value transfer procedures. The overall goal is a better representation of the entire population’s preferences with regard to non-market goods.
40-9908
ecological footprint. education level. per capita income. population structure.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the non-linear effect of education level on ecological footprint considering changes in population structure and per capita income. The results show an inhibitory effect for the level of education on increases in ecological footprint. In high-income countries, this inhibitory effect is non-linear. The inhibitory effect of education level on ecological footprint increases with increases in education level. In addition, population structure also has an inhibitory effect on the increase in ecological footprint. In both high-income and low-income countries, the inhibitory effect of population structure on the ecological footprint decreases when the population structure exceeds the threshold. However, there is a promotional effect of GDP per capita on the increase in ecological footprint. And the threshold regression results show that this promotional effect is linear in all income groups. Finally, this study suggests that countries should develop environmental sustainability policies according to the threshold range in which their education level, population structure, and per capita income are located.
21-4 MIGRATION
40-9909
internal migration. Micropolitan. millennials. population. workforce replacement.
Nonmetropolitan U.S. counties have historically lagged metropolitan areas in population and employment growth. Population projections indicate that they will face a shrinking workforce in the future, although, immigration and domestic migration by young adults could help offset this trend. The number of young adults (ages 25 to 44) is projected to increase in the next several decades and thus will be a growing proportion of the workforce. However, whether they will be attracted to rural areas such as micropolitan counties and how these counties can attract them has not received much attention in the community development literature. This article uses OLS regression to examine the determinants of the net migration rate for the 25–44 age group in micropolitan counties between 2000 and 2010, adjusting for geographic, economic, and county-level demographic factors.. The discussion then examines approaches that micropolitan areas can use to attract this age cohort.
40-9910
communal consciousness. Edward P. Thompson. inhabitation. political agency. Qualitative analysis. urban cohesion.
This research aims to benefit displaced people due to conflict in Kosovo and their commitment to community building in two Montenegrin informal neighborhoods. Drawing on qualitative data from observations, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews, the author examines the potential for urban cohesion through inhabitation and political agency in the urban-occupied territories attributed to the physical and social qualities of neighborhoods. Urban cohesion involves feelings of trust, gathering, acceptance, and connectedness, while political agency entails the broadest and freest access to community tools. The consequence is a communal building that opposes dependence on the leadership of the elected representatives. Proponents of residents’ trust in the effective leadership of local elected officials and community representatives promote productive community development. Since evidence of the efficacy of this model is lacking in Montenegro, this article seeks to address inhabitants’ engagement with political parties, leading toward communal consciousness.
22. Economics
22-1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
40-9719
actors agency. Nova Scotia (Canada). path development. rural opportunities. rural regions. system-level agency. wine industry.
This article analyses the case of the wine industry in rural Nova Scotia (Canada) and addresses the following question: what sparks a new wine industry path in rural regions that lack supportive preconditions and local assets? We examine this from the perspective of different actors and their agencies when creating the conditions and structures for shaping new path development. Our findings provide a novel, empirically based understanding of individual and system-level agency and a nuanced account of new industrial path development in rural regions, which is often missing in contemporary debates.
40-9720
carbon emissions. construction. Net zero emission homes. sustainable housing. technology adoption. volume builders.
This study investigated the transition to net-zero emissions (NZE) homes within the Australian volume home-building sector. A group of 18 stakeholders, including volume builders, greenfield developers and industry experts, were engaged in research to identify key barriers and potential solutions for NZE home development and delivery. Initial findings, derived from a series of interviews, indicated strong support for government initiatives offering incentives and support for this transition to NZE homes. Interviewees expressed confidence in the ability of the volume home builder sector to meet the materials and skill requirements for the delivery of NZE homes. To validate these findings, a workshop involving an expanded group of 30 industry and government stakeholders, including the initial interviewees, was conducted. The outcomes from the workshop underscored the potential value of a government-led buyers’ group in assisting volume builders to transition towards NZE homes. The study identifies three critical factors (or requirements) for the success of government-supported industry intervention: customer appeal, commercial viability and alignment with policy objectives. The findings confirm that government intervention, such as forming buyers’ groups and implementing supporting policies, is essential in facilitating the shift to NZE homes in Australia.
40-9721
automotive industry. Business politics. causal mechanism. historical-spatial industrial organization. multinational enterprises (MNEs). regional development. uneven development.
We develop and deploy a business politics lens to examine the mechanisms and processes of negotiation through which multinational enterprises (MNEs) and various host country actors interact, leading to different regional trajectories of economic development. We assess two contrasting lead firms from differing home country contexts investing in the automotive industry in Romania, operating in two regions with distinct historical-spatial industrial organization and economic development. We advance a contribution on business politics as dynamic, relational, multi-scalar, and influenced by varied conjunctural factors—historical, geographical, political, institutional, and firm-driven—exposing how MNEs and territorial actors co-shape distinct processes of international economic (dis)integration.
40-9722
community development. COVID-19 pandemic. economic recovery. Fairtrade. Phongsali district of Laos tea production.
Tea farming communities in Laos are faced with COVID-19 impacts, while simultaneously having difficulties in access to Fairtrade. This paper examines community issues on how tea farmers perceived Fairtrade as an economic recovery from COVID-19. Taking a case study from five tea farming communities in the Phongsali district of Laos, this paper reveals pivotal role Fairtrade plays in supporting tea farmers’ community development to enhance their income and livelihoods. It suggests communities’ mixed perceptions of Fairtrade in contributing to economic recovery under the COVID-19 impacts over the long term. We argue that Fairtrade can be deployed as an ad-hoc economic recovery measure in the face of the COVID-19 impacts to sustain tea farmers’ trading, income, food security, and community development in Phongsali. This paper suggests how Fairtrade would serve as a safety net for enhancing local community development while the COVID-19 pandemic remains a huge challenge to local economic development.
40-9723
Community economic development. financial capital. policy analysis. program evaluation. rural development.
Canada’s rural areas face economic challenges due to globalization and urbanization. These trends lead to wealth being less “embedded” in place as citizens have fewer geographic constraints and rely more on intangible resources for livelihood. To counter these effects, some Canadian provinces allow the creation of Community Investment Funds, which sell business equity shares to residents. Many such provinces also offer tax incentives to spur investments, and some incentive programs have generated attention, but the potential and impact of these programs is difficult to determine. We presents results from a study of Community Investment Fund programs, including a document review and interviews with key informants from across Canada. By assessing program impacts and qualities, we find that these programs positively impact rural economic and community development but require provincial resources to encourage participation and understanding. Further expansion and resourcing of these program could create positive impacts for embedding capital in rural places, facilitating rural prosperity.
40-9724
air networks. airports. employment. heterogeneity. local labour markets. regional development. social infrastructure.
This article studies how airports affect regional growth in population and employment, considering heterogeneity in the circumstances of an airport’s opening. We use synthetic controls with staggered adoption and data on the whole airport system in Norway for 1950–2019. We find positive overall effects of airports on population and employment growth. Addressing heterogeneity, we find relatively strong effects of airports opened in the 1950s, more distant from other airports, with longer runways, or with links to major cities. We also find stronger growth if an airport is opened in a region with a university, college, or hospital.
40-9725
COVID-19 pandemic. Face-to-face contact. Ontario. remote work practitioners. stakeholders.
To contain the 2019 coronavirus, many localities were placed on lockdown and were required to follow social distancing guidelines implemented by upper-level governments. A consequence of these containment measures was that local practitioners had to conduct economic development remotely, an activity traditionally centered around face-to-face interactions. Thus, this raises the question, how important is face-to-face contact for local economic development? To answer this question, in-depth interviews were conducted with thirty-seven senior management economic development practitioners in the Province of Ontario, Canada from 2019 to 2020. The analysis found that face-to-face contact is highly important for practitioners’ economic development efforts because it, among other things, facilitates the creation and transmission of tacit knowledge between practitioners as well as with businesses, community organizations, and other stakeholders.
40-9726
consumption-based emissions. decomposition. decoupling. embodied carbon flow. production-based emissions.
Breaking the strong connection between economic growth and carbon emissions is crucial for China to achieve high-quality, sustainable development. Neglecting the carbon emissions embedded in interregional trade risks inflating the perceived progress in decoupling, however, as emissions are often shifted between regions through trade. This research evaluates the decoupling of carbon emissions from economic growth, considering the embodied carbon flow, and decomposes its factors across thirty Chinese provinces from 2002 to 2017. We found that China’s carbon emissions surged from 3,641.47 Mt to 7,828.88 Mt during the study period, growing at an annual average rate of 5.76 percent. There was a noticeable shift in embodied carbon flow from less affluent or resource-intensive provinces to more developed areas. Sectoral analysis indicated that these developed provinces outsourced their carbon emissions, associated with low-value-added raw materials and intermediate goods, to less developed provinces to achieve emissions reductions. Decoupling analysis indicated that the majority of provinces consistently showed weak decoupling, but some transitioned to strong decoupling. By 2017, twelve provinces achieved production-based decoupling, thirteen reached consumption-based decoupling, and seven regions, including Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangdong, realized “double decoupling.” Conversely, areas like Zhejiang and Sichuan attained production-based decoupling, but their consumption-based emissions continued to rise. Structural decomposition analysis indicated that optimizing the production structure and curbing energy-intensive consumption emerge as primary factors in enhancing the decoupling status across various regions. Although international trade is not considered, these results still highlight the importance of accounting for embodied carbon flows in interregional trade when assessing decoupling targets. This provides a theoretical basis for the development of differentiated decoupling policies.
40-9911
asset based community development. Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC). economic development. Participatory development practice. South East Asia. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
In 2018, the Thai Government proposed industrial investment in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC). This research aimed to identify ways for a community to safely voice their concerns about the perceived impacts of rapid economic policy under an authoritarian regime. Practice-theories of Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) and Participatory Development Practice (PDP) guided community facilitators. Research methods included in-depth interviews, observation, and a consensus conference with key stakeholders. The results suggest that ABCD assisted the community in identifying physical and social capacity and cultural values as assets. PDP helped stakeholders to 1) raise awareness about inconsistency with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); 2) engage young people in voicing their concerns; and 3) achieve greater collaboration. The research showed that community development approaches can aid government policy implementation processes, to enable consistent achievement across the SDGs.
40-9912
assessments. capacity building. economic analysis. economic development. placemaking. Public Policy.
The 2016 article “Eleven Signs a City will Succeed” and the 2018 book Our Towns has influenced those interested in community development, causing many to list characteristics of place to demonstrate it will be successful in its development activities. But the “signs” have not been evaluated. This article explores whether those signs provide guidance to those working in community development. It explains the signs, operationalizes them, and tests them against common measures of economic and community well-being. It concludes with a statement about the usefulness of the signs as predictive measures and a discussion of the true nature of what the signs actualy represent.
40-9913
fishers’ ecological knowledge (FEK). fishing styles methodology. local ecological knowledge (LEK). traditional ecological knowledge (TEK).
That fishers’ ecological knowledge (FEK) can contribute to the sustainability and legitimacy of environmental planning and management is widely accepted. Nevertheless, despite this broad consensus about its importance, there is uncertainty about the ways in which FEK can be captured methodologically. Here, we present the results of a methodological inquiry aimed to connect FEK to the diversity of work practices within fisheries. Using a sample from a qualitative study of Swedish small-scale fishers, we test to what extent a new combination of concept and method – Fishing Style analysis and the Structure-Dynamic-Function framework – can produce insights into the partiality and diversity of FEK, as well as its embodied and tacit aspects. Results demonstrate how different work practices generate a variety of FEKs. We use this finding to discuss the implications of our work for future study of FEK, and how attention to FEK can inform environmental planning and management.
40-9914
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. economic growth. energy intensity. environmental regulations. industrial structure.
The governments of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration have introduced a series of environmental policies to ameliorate pollution problems, but there are concerns that such a move can negatively impact the economy. In this article, panel data for 13 prefecture-level cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2003 to 2018 are used to investigate the influencing mechanism of environmental regulation on economic growth. The empirical results indicate an inverted “U”-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental regulation. In a sense, the non-linear relationship implies that the Porter hypothesis and the compliance cost hypothesis apply to different levels of environmental stringency, respectively, which results in an empirical supplement to the existing theoretical framework. Furthermore, energy intensity and industrial structure are valid transmission paths for the economic effect of environmental regulation, despite their opposite directions. Overall, a win–win situation of economic prosperity and ecological improvement can be achieved through the implementation of appropriate environmental regulation.
40-9915
capacity building. community capital framework. development. Ghana. local economic development. local government.
Whereas previous research has acknowledged the significance of capacity building for development, there is little research on the capacity building typologies for local economic development (LED) actors at the local level. Adopting the community capitals framework, this study attempts to fill this gap by examining the LED capacity-building typologies and challenges in Ghana. Data for the study was collected through in-depth interviews with local government officials and LED experts in Ghana. The findings revealed six capacity building typologies and three LED capacity building challenges. This study argued that LED capacity building is an indispensable element in the development of local economies. It is recommended that these LED capacity typologies be used to develop a comprehensive LED capacity building framework.
40-9916
Community gardens. community-building. praxis. social solidarity economy (SSE). South Africa.
Although research has demonstrated the ecological, public health and food security benefits of community gardens, few studies have considered community gardens in relation to a broader social solidarity economy (SSE), that is, inter-community networks wherein people develop commitments to building just and equitable economic alternatives. In employing a thematic analysis on triangulated data (collected via an interview, participant observation, and a participatory film), the present case study explores how a community gardener from a low-income South African community engages with his community’s SSE. We analyse how this community garden fostered solidarity and established alternative micro-economic practices. We also consider the challenges facing community gardens when connecting with the SSE. By way of conclusion, we emphasise the importance of taking a critical, broad-based view of the SSE within research, and how case studies can assist us in understanding the various influences that SSE initiatives can have within and across communities.
40-9917
community development. economic development. government-nonprofit relations. nonprofits. public administration.
Nonprofits play a leading role in community development, including the provision of economic development services. Despite their involvement, few studies have examined why some cities contract with nonprofits to facilitate economic development. This study investigates how transaction costs, affected by factors such as governance structure, preference diversity, market structure, and fiscal stress, shape a city’s decisions to rely on nonprofits. Using probit regression, the study finds that an increase in the number of nonprofit economic development organizations within a city increases the likelihood of nonprofit selection, while municipal fiscal stress decreases that likelihood. It also finds that the impacts of preference diversity, measured by income inequality and racial-ethnic diversity, are mixed, with income inequality increasing and racial-ethnic diversity decreasing the likelihood of nonprofit participation. The findings elucidate the dynamics of government-nonprofit relations, highlighting how community characteristics influence local governments’ contracting decisions.
40-9918
carbon emissions. economic growth. green technology innovation. panel quantile. regression method. Tourism development.
This study aims to evaluate the impacts of international tourism development and green technology innovation on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in the top 10 GDP countries between 1995 and 2018. Our preliminary findings reject the preposition of data normality, which instigate us to apply a novel method of moments quantile regression. The overall results suggest that international tourism development facilitates economic growth and increases carbon dioxide emissions asymmetrically across the different levels of economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions. Specifically, the economic growth impacts are relatively large for the comparatively more developed nations while the adverse environmental impacts are relatively larger for the comparatively less-polluted nations; thus, the tourism led-economic growth hypothesis is verified. On the other hand, green technology innovation is found to facilitate economic growth and mitigate carbon dioxide emissions, especially in the context of the relatively more developed and polluted economies.
40-9919
economic growth targets. green total factor productivity (GTFP). Quality. sustainability.
This study explores the impact of economic growth targets on green total factor productivity (GTFP) based on a panel Tobit model and two manual datasets of 30 Chinese provinces from 2002 to 2019. We find that economic growth targets significantly inhibit GTFP, which is more pronounced in provinces that have high incentives when setting targets, use hard constraints when announcing targets, and fulfill their targets. In addition, we find that economic growth targets inhibit GTFP by undermining economic efficiency and aggravating environmental pollution. Moreover, the command-controlled environmental regulations weaken the inhibitory effect on GTFP, while market-motivated environmental regulations aggravate this inhibitory effect. Our findings confirm that the promotion assessment system based on economic performance leads to the irrationality of local governments in establishing economic growth targets, and the local governments pursue economic growth at the cost of development quality and sustainability.
22-2 ECONOMIC DECLINE/RESTRUCTURING
40-9727
firm conduct restaurants. heterogeneity. income inequality. product differentiation. product variety.
This article investigates the relationship between local income inequality and firms’ location and product choices. Using detailed information on income at a regionally disaggregated level and individual data on Austrian restaurants, we show that product variety crucially depends on the distribution (in addition to the level) of income. Local markets with higher income inequality are characterized by a larger number of firms, offering a wider range of products and less common product variants. These findings suggest that local demand is substantially influenced by the heterogeneity of consumers’ income endowments, resulting in large differences in product variety.
40-9920
asset based community development. ethnography. high-tech economy. rural development. talent attraction.
Many rural regions are looking for a renaissance in the high-tech economy, leveraging unique rural assets to attract new citizens. But who is positioned to realize the unique rural assets of a place for growth? Based on ethnographic research in economic development circles of an American rural region, this study shows how economic developers and municipal leaders draw on unique rural assets, transforming them to attract the right kind of outsiders they think are best suited to create high-tech rural futures. The paper argues that this transformation has implications for how we understand and promote the high-tech economy through asset-based community development in rural areas.
22-3 EMPLOYMENT
40-9921
community. entrepreneurship. Ghana. Lifelong learning. mentorships. young adults.
This paper draws on lifelong learning in promoting entrepreneurial prospects among young adults in communities in Ghana. The problem of unemployment facing young adults in Ghana seems huge and fostering enterprising mind-sets in them is crucial. This qualitative case study used Level 400 Bachelor of Science Administration students pursuing degree program via distance education (DE) mode at Accra Learning Center. Purposive sampling procedures were adopted and 15 participants sampled for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Narrative and interpretivist approaches were adopted in presenting results. It emerged that many young adults lacked flexible credits and benefits of mentorship from astute entrepreneurs to create and grow micro-enterprises to foster enterprising mind-sets in managing enterprises in communities. The study concludes that entrepreneurship and mentorship are introduced early to young adults to develop passion for entrepreneurship. Lifelong learning should be encouraged amongst young adults to become creative in managing ventures in Ghana.
22-6 SPATIAL ANALYSIS/MODELS
40-9728
air pollution. BTEX. Fire station. formaldehyde. indoor air quality. volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including the BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and formaldehyde in the changing room, garage, alarm point, TV room and fire truck of a typical Polish fire station. The novel of this study was to identify and prioritize the sources of these pollutants in the specific indoor areas. Measurements were conducted at each point simultaneously during two different seasons: heating (08/01/2023–09/02/2023) and non-heating (24/05/2023–25/06/2023). The samples were collected passively and analysed using gas (VOCs, BTEX) and liquid (formaldehyde) chromatography. The highest concentrations of VOCs, BTEX and formaldehyde were observed in the TV room (176.7 µg/m³), garage (136.7 µg/m³) and alarm point (14.4 µg/m³), respectively. Conversely, the lowest concentrations were observed in the changing room (81.85 µg/m³), the alarm point (64.6 µg/m³) and the garage (3.8 µg/m³), based on the average results from both measurement seasons. The same sources of pollution, including cleaning products, cosmetics, fires, fuel combustion, vehicle maintenance equipment, combustion equipment, fire extinguishers, chemicals and finishing materials, were identified at all measurement points. The obtained results can be used in further studies to assess the health risks of firefighters exposed to poor air quality.
40-9729
geographical sensemaking. image. photo-elicitation. sense of place. spatial planning. subjectivity.
How people attach meaning to space is one of the most central questions of human geography. Space has no meaning in itself but must be made meaningful through human action. The aim of this article is to take a closer look at this process of geographical sensemaking. Although most human geographers would agree that space is bound to certain subjective relations to become meaningful, which spatial practices geographical sensemaking is based on still remains an open question. Drawing on an international research project involving image-based interviews in Singapore, Vancouver, and Berlin, we lay out three such practices that contribute to geographical sensemaking: situating, relating, and positioning. We outline an empirically grounded framework that aims to grasp how people make sense of spaces they see: how they contextualize and familiarize themselves with spaces previously unknown to them, how they draw links between these spaces and their own biographies, and how they position themselves and develop a political stance in relation to these spaces. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of investigating geographical sensemaking for understanding the shaping of differing self–world relationships.
40-9730
racialized landscape inequity. Segregation. Socio-spatial epistemology of whiteness. sustainable development discourse. Swedish planning practice. urban planning.
This article investigates how urban planning mechanisms in Sweden perpetuate racialized green space inequity, despite the dominance of social and environmental sustainability discourses in planning. Using critical race theory and relational approaches to landscape and urban development, the study analyzes multi-scale planning documents and project reports prepared for the Uppsala 2050 Vision (2016-) to identify racial undertones in socio-spatial categorizations and justifications for planning decisions. This study has shown how racialized spatial production is diffused into different segments of planning practice (i.e., theory, conceptualization, methodology, data collection, analysis, problem representation, solutions), relationally materializes landscape inequity, and consequently risks perpetuating segregation.
40-9922
Bottom-up urban development. goal-interest coupling. self-organization. social value creation. temporary use.
This article examines how bottom-up urban development initiators create social value through self-organization in a market-dominated context. Using a multiple case study and a framework combining collaborative governance and network uncertainty theories, we identify two key efforts: shaping initiatives through community building to establish trust, and aligning goals with state and market actors’ spatial-economic interests. State and market support is subsequently gained through goal-interest coupling, grounded in trust and facilitated by temporary use. Incremental self-organization thus involves adapting to market logic rather than opposing it, which contrasts with prevailing paradigms. This adaptation fosters social value but requires compromises from initiators.
40-9923
China. digital technology. environmental pollution. Internet development. spatial Durbin model.
In the era of information economy, the integration of the internet and traditional industries is pushing the rapid transformation of the world economy in a more innovative, smarter, and greener direction. Based on the panel data for 30 Chinese provinces for the 2006–2017 period, the level of China’s internet development is comprehensively evaluated using the full array polygon graphic index method. The spatial Durbin model and threshold model are used to empirically analyze the impact of internet development on environmental quality. The results indicate that China’s environmental pollution has a significant spatial spillover effect. Internet development can not only significantly reduce local environmental pollution, but also environmental pollution in neighboring areas. The regression results of the mediation effect indicate that internet development mainly affects environmental pollution by improving technological innovation, industrial upgrading, human capital and financial development. Finally, policy suggestions are proposed from the aspects of strengthening collaborative environmental governance and increasing internet infrastructure investment.
40-9924
acceptance. acceptance factors. Q-methodology. spatial planning.
Worldwide, urbanization leads to increased pressure on prime agricultural land with irreversible impacts on the provision of life-supporting services such as food and drinking water production or habitat for plants and animals. As a basis for designing new policy instruments to protect soil resources, we applied Q-methodology to assess factors that influence the acceptance or rejection of such instruments. Using an online survey and interviews, we identified different social perspectives and their respective argumentation patterns. The results show that effect on people, institutional embeddedness, trust in the acting institutions, and the overall understanding of the instrument are the most important factors for the acceptance of policy instruments fostering the sustainable use of soil resources. During the interviews, idealistic and fact-based arguments were more important than person-based arguments. Based on our results, communication strategies in the policy-making process can be improved and tailored to the identified characteristics of the social perspectives.
22-8 WELFARE ECONOMICS
40-9731
Built environment. circular economy (CE). renovation. residential sector. ReSOLVE. sustainable building rating systems.
Building renovation is widely considered an effective strategy for reducing the environmental impact of urban housing stock. In recent years, interest in ‘circular renovation’ – the application of Circular Economy approaches to building renovation – has grown but implementation pathways for circular renovations are still lacking. This study investigates Sustainable Building Rating Systems (SBRS) as an effective method to implement circular renovation by conducting a rigorous comparative analysis of residential SBRS against the established ReSOLVE framework’s circularity principles (Regenerate, Share, Optimize, Loop, Virtualize, Exchange). The study focuses on apartment buildings dgiven their importance to urban housing stock and employs a qualitative content analysis on three SBRS (Living Building Challenge, Green Star Buildings, Building Sustainability Index) applicable to renovation. The research revealed that SBRS are progressing towards circularity but to varying extents and with different approaches. While Regenerate, Optimize, and Exchange principles are prominent, Share, Virtualize, and Loop need further integration in SBRS to facilitate circular renovation. The research also highlighted the potential social gaps of ReSOLVE. Although limited to three SBRS, the findings provide valid insights into Circular Economy integration in SBRS, thus synthesizing SBRS and Circular Economy knowledge and its implementation in apartment building renovation and beyond.
40-9732
cost–benefit calculations. Design for adaptation. service life extension. structural adaptability. timber structures.
As the construction industry is progressively adopting circular economy principles, there is an increased interest in prolonging the service lives of buildings by designing them to be adaptable. This is particularly relevant for timber buildings, as extended-use phases promote prolonged carbon storage and sustainable forestry. Applying the concept of Design for Structural Adaptation (DfSA) to load-bearing timber may grant such benefits, yet it is uncertain whether there are motivations for stakeholders to apply the concept on an industrial scale. In particular, the economic implications of implementing DfSA for timber are currently unclear. This study addresses this uncertainty by investigating the economic feasibility of applying DfSA to a theoretical multi-residential cross-laminated timber building in Sweden. A model for comparative cost–benefit analysis was developed and applied to two alternatives: a business-as-usual building and one designed for structural adaptation. A sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the factors determining the economic feasibility of DfSA, and a best- and worst-case scenario was developed. The results showed that a low investment cost for DfSA is the most crucial factor in determining its economic feasibility.
40-9925
cultural values. decolonization. Decolonizing Psychology. Indigenous Psychology. International Aid.
Criticisms against international aid in Africa focus mainly on the notion that aid creates dependency, induces corruption, fosters currency overvaluation, hurts economic development, and doesn’t allow aid recipient countries an opportunity to take advantage of the global economy. Neglected by these arguments are how aid efforts weaken the cultural capital, resourcefulness, and ways of life of recipient communities. The strength and sustainability of any community lies in its cultural values and systems. In this paper, we frame indigenous beliefs in the context we know and work (Namibia), outline indigenous social welfare practices, and argue that aid is not neutral or value-free, but loaded with assumptions, motives, and beliefs alien to the recipient country, which can harm local systems, practices, and institutions.
PHYSICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL
30. Housing and Real Estate
30-1 HOUSING/REAL ESTATE POLICY
40-9733
Adaptability. apartments. COVID-19 pandemic. housing policies. qualitative methods. resilience.
Despite extensive research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adaptability of apartments, there remains a gap in understanding adaptability as a process: What were the adaptive measures adopted in apartments? Why? And how can that inform policy? Consequently, this exploratory study investigates apartment adaptations in Amman, Jordan, during COVID-19 lockdowns by employing mixed methods, including focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 142 participants in a longitudinal assessment covering 30 months. The analysis revealed four main themes: mental well-being, physical health and safety, functionality within the home and normalization of homestay. Findings demonstrate that residents successfully adapted interior plan layouts and objects but faced significant challenges with the site, physical plan and shell adaptations. While residents succeeded in manoeuvring around varied barriers in a continued change process, housing policy ignores adaptability as an essential variable for resilience. Specific priorities for policy change were identified based on respondents’ input. This study calls for policy changes to bolster the resilience of urban housing by acknowledging adaptability as an objective in health emergencies.
40-9734
community development. Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program. impact evaluation. neighborhood revitalization. property values. quasi-experimental design. thresholds.
The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program has been one of the largest federal programs supporting lower-income communities, yet there have been few rigorous evaluations of whether it has been deployed to the greatest effect. We investigate CDBG’s nonlinear local housing market impacts using annual data collected from 2000 to 2020 in Washington, DC, which we analyze with the Adjusted Interrupted Time Series (AITS) quasi-experimental impact evaluation model to control for the non-random location of CDBG-funded, place-based investments. We employ a binned specification of the AITS model to assess how the relationship between CDBG expenditures and single-family home prices within 2,000 feet vary in a nonlinear fashion. We find that CDBG-funded investments below a threshold amount ($145,000 over the five most recent years, in constant 2019 dollars) yield no impacts. Beyond this threshold, greater spending is associated with larger impacts but not proportionally; impacts per unit of spending exhibit diminishing returns. Impacts are magnified in neighborhoods that show superior rates of appreciation prior to any CDBG intervention. Our results imply that CDBG grants can be marshaled most efficiently to alter local market trajectories by spatial targeting directing above-threshold but moderately sized investments toward many of the most-promising low-/moderate-income neighborhoods.
30-2 CONSTRUCTION/MAINTENANCE/HOUSING AND BUILDING CODES
40-9735
access to justice. civil courts. Eviction. housing. legal mapping methods. policy surveillance. public health. Right to counsel.
This article provides the first comprehensive description of state and local tenant right to counsel (RTC) policies. From July 2017 through June 2024, five states, 17 cities, and one county passed legislation to formally create a right to legal counsel for tenants in eviction proceedings. These policies contain heterogeneous provisions, including their intended purposes, design and administration requirements, eligibility criteria, and when in the eviction process the right is triggered. This study describes laws as adopted in legislation through policy surveillance and legal mapping methods and examines how policies are executed on the ground through qualitative methods that capture the perspective of multiple stakeholders. The pairing of policy surveillance and legal mapping techniques with qualitative interviews demonstrates where real-world implementation both meets and diverges from legislative requirements and identifies barriers that prevent full implementation of the right to counsel, as well as its systemic benefits. In light of the dearth of national information on implementation of RTC programs, the descriptive, qualitative, and analytic framework detailed herein provides researchers, policymakers, and practitioners with instructive insights for evaluating, refining, and advancing RTC policies.
40-9736
capital flows. foreign investors. house prices. investment. investors.
I use administrative data on properties owned by overseas companies to study the effect of foreign investment on house prices, affordability, construction, and vacant properties in England and Wales. To address endogeneity, I construct an instrument for foreign investment based on political conditions abroad. I find that foreign investment increases house prices. This effect is stronger for more expensive homes but is present at all points of the distribution. Foreign investment reduces affordability and the number of vacant dwellings but has no effect on construction. There is no evidence of heterogenous effects across areas with different housing supply elasticities, since construction is unresponsive even in high-elasticity areas.
40-9926
carbon dioxide emission. construction industry. driving factors. path decomposition. sustainable constructions.
The construction industry contributes significantly to CO2 emissions in China. Understanding the changes in construction CO2 emissions is important for mitigating the emissions. This study examined the structural paths of changes in construction CO2 emissions in China during 2002–2017 by using structural path decomposition analysis. The results demonstrate that construction CO2 emissions increased considerably during the periods of 2002–2007, 2007–2012, and 2012–2017. The final demand effect contributed most to the emission increases, followed by the production structure effect and energy intensity effect. The critical paths contributing to the production structure effect were also identified. “Non-metallic mineral products industry?construction industry” was the critical path to the emission increases. On this path, the final demand effect and energy intensity effect were the main drivers. This study’s findings can help policymakers better understand the dynamics of construction CO2 emissions and thus formulate effective policies to reduce the emissions.
40-9927
construction industry. environment. Environmental impacts. Indonesia. sustainable constructions. sustainable practices.
The adoption of sustainable practices is essential to mitigating negative impacts associated with the global construction industry. This study investigates barriers inhibiting the transition to sustainable practices in the Indonesian construction industry. Using a questionnaire as a means of data collection, relevant data were analyzed using reliability and exploratory factor analysis. Based on the analysis, the findings suggest that there were eight underlying factors responsible for the poor awareness of sustainability and the current low level of sustainable construction practices in the Indonesian construction industry. The three most significant barriers toward sustainable practices in Indonesia are lack of knowledge and standards, poor design practices, and financial constraints. The sustainable standards practice in Indonesia is still in its infancy and immature compared to developed countries. The findings of this study are expected to provide guidance and knowledge to construction players related to barriers in sustainability practices within the Indonesian construction industry.
30-3 HOUSING/REAL ESTATE FINANCE AND VALUE
40-9737
discrimination. Fair Housing Act. families. race. Rental housing market. vouchers.
A half century after passage of the federal Fair Housing Act, studies continue to document racial discrimination in the housing market, which serves to reproduce racial inequality and residential segregation. Building on this work, we examine housing discrimination experienced by individuals belonging to multiple disadvantaged groups. Employing an online field experiment in 31 U.S. cities over 20 months, we investigate patterns of discrimination against female rental housing applicants at the intersections of race, ethnicity, family structure, and Section 8 housing voucher receipt. Consistent with prior work, we find discrimination against Black women and Section 8 recipients. We also find that only Black women and Latinas are penalized for being parents and for being single mothers to young children. Finally, examining the relevant policy landscape, we find evidence that state and local laws barring discrimination against Section 8 recipients may not be sufficient to protect voucher holders and their families and may instead prompt landlords to engage in subtler forms of discrimination (i.e., increased nonresponse). These findings reveal a dynamic pattern of multidimensional discrimination and support arguments for an intersectional approach to understanding and combatting inequality.
40-9738
community-based housing. cooperatives. Displacement. housing policies. landlord types. public housing.
Displacement research emphasizes the importance of housing market processes and their consequences for tenants. In recent years, a lively discussion in housing studies has emerged around policy mechanisms to promote permanently decommodified housing and nonprofit landlord types. This article picks up on the two strands of research and links them to our own empirical material from two studies on the city of Berlin that respond to two questions: (a) What role do the different landlord types play in processes of displacement? and (b) To what extent are the management strategies of nonprofit landlords equipped to dampen displacement processes? Our results, which are based on quantitative and qualitative analyses, show that public housing companies, cooperatives, and novel shared homeownership models pose a significantly lower risk of displacement. Although these landlord types do not prevent displacement entirely, their property management strategies, their self-understanding, and their networks make it possible to identify housing policy levers to minimize displacement.
40-9739
autoregressive model. COVID-19 pandemic. gambling shops. high street. retail landscape. stability.
High streets, the main commercial streets in towns and cities, have undergone significant transformations due to the evolving urban retail landscape. Despite these changes, this study demonstrates that the presence of gambling venues in Great Britain remained remarkably stable between 2014 and 2023. Using points of interest data, we constructed a panel data set of gambling shops on high streets. Employing simple autoregressive models estimated with random forests, we predicted annual gambling frequencies during 2015 to 2023 using 2014 frequencies as the sole predictor. Our results show a predictive accuracy of 91.8 percent by 2019, which remained robust at 86.2 percent in 2023, even after the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlights the notable stability in the frequency of gambling shops on high streets. Additionally, we developed a two-tiered analytical framework that confirmed this stability across different types of local authorities and high streets. Given the geographically bounded negative externalities of gambling, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving spatial footprint of gambling shops. They also offer broader insights into how retail environment characteristics influence the resilience of leisure businesses in diverse urban contexts, contributing to ongoing discussions on high street revitalization.
30-4 HOME OWNERSHIP/RENTAL HOUSING
40-9740
Eviction. judicial evictions. landlords. moratorium. rental housing.
Restrictions on pursuing formal, judicial evictions during the pandemic may have led some landlords to rely on informal means of removing tenants. An assessment of whether landlords did, in fact, pursue this strategy is hampered by difficulties in measuring informal eviction actions. We rely on call data to a tenants’ support group to indirectly measure both formal and informal evictions in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area before, during, and after the statewide moratorium on evictions initiated in 2020. We find no evidence of a substitution effect. Although calls related to formal evictions declined during the moratorium, there was no commensurate rise in the incidence of calls related to informal evictions. The data indicate that landlords continued to pursue formal evictions, though at a lower rate, throughout the moratorium, and that the rate of calls about formal eviction filings post moratorium was great enough to bring aggregate calls to a level that would have occurred in the absence of a moratorium. Landlords seeking to remove tenants seemed to have pursued two strategies, ignoring the moratorium in a significant number of cases, and waiting out the moratorium in other cases, that together likely made a shift to informal evictions unnecessary.
40-9741
Georgia. housing quality. landlords. real estate investment trusts (REITs). rural housing.
Landlords play a key role in maintaining the quality of rental properties. Similarly, over the last decade, the growth of financial instruments such as real estate investment trusts (REITs) along with widespread use of LLCs allow landlords to consolidate holdings with little local oversight on housing quality. Research on both these trends has focused mainly on urbanized areas. Rental properties are also common in many rural communities, but patterns of property ownership have been understudied. This article draws from community-generated data on local housing conditions and property records to describe patterns of property ownership in five rural Georgia communities using exploratory statistical and geographic analysis. We then use statistical models to assess how housing quality is related to landlord characteristics including landlords’ locations, number of total holdings, and LLC status. Our analysis finds that large, corporate ownership is limited in these communities, and that property ownership is largely local or regional, commonly including owners residing in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We also identify that properties owned by landlords with five or more properties have a significantly greater risk of dilapidation. Policies that support rural communities’ assessment of local property conditions and increase tenant protections may improve local affordable housing options.
40-9742
authority. communication. Housing Choice Voucher program. landlords. poverty. public housing. Section 8. vouchers.
The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program, which is the largest rental subsidy program in the United States, relies on the participation of landlords. Research shows, however, that not all landlords are willing to participate. The present study analyzes qualitative, semi-structured interviews conducted with landlords (N = 25) in an effort to deepen our understanding of their experiences with the HCV program, and specifically, to explore the challenges they face in communicating with the public housing authority (PHA). The sample comes from a city where the financial incentive to participate is not strong, and a lack of source of income protections makes landlord participation more voluntary. Landlords reported communication issues with the local PHA as one of the biggest challenges of working with the program—specifically, difficulty interacting with staff and accessing program information. Ultimately, these communication issues created negative experiences for landlords, characterized by frustration and feeling unsupported, which led some to reduce their participation. These findings suggest a need to improve communication between PHAs and currently participating landlords, especially in light of recent expansions in the HCV program.
30-6 HOUSING FOR SPECIAL POPULATIONS
40-9743
arrears. Eviction. Household Pulse Survey. housing. instability. likelihood. Race/ethnicity. rental housing.
The growing body of research of the eviction process and forced moves in general is mixed regarding racial/ethnic differences, likely resulting from focusing on past experiences with eviction, potential sampling undercoverage, and no controls for housing arrears. Our paper builds on this research and examines racial/ethnic disparities in housing insecurity—time spent in rent arrears and perceived likelihood of expulsion—using data on renters from the Household Pulse Survey. Our multivariate analyses show that blacks are significantly more likely than whites to spend a longer time being behind on rent and to expect an expulsion from their housing units, controlling for other factors. Compared to other nonwhite groups, blacks fare the worst in terms of their housing insecurity, relative to whites. Our results reveal that for blacks, long-term housing insecurity likely stems from the persistence of discriminatory housing market processes.
40-9744
community-based organizations. housing policies. Latinx communities. neighborhood change. opposition. place attachment. race.
Using a place attachment lens, this article evaluates Latinx perceptions of and responses to neighborhood change. Research questions guiding this study include: (a) How do perceptions of place and neighborhood change vary among Latinx communities? (b) How do Latinx community members frame neighborhood change (as beneficial or disruptive)? And (c) How do these perceptions and assessments of neighborhood change shape the protective actions that are taken? This case study, based in Santa Ana, California, includes participant observations (nearly 180 hours) and semistructured interviews (28) with Latinx residents embedded in neighborhood associations and community-based organizations, selected because of their work against or for urban development. Results indicate that perspectives and responses varied by homeownership, age, immigration generation, and organizational affiliation, demonstrating differences among Latinxs in Santa Ana. Shaping their various perspectives are lived experiences (including racial discrimination and anti-immigrant sentiment) and both past and present perceptions of place.
30-7 LOW- AND MODERATE-INCOME HOUSING
40-9745
affordability. housing. low-income first-time homebuyers (LI FTHBs). Low-income housing. policy process. subsidies.
There is limited and incomplete empirical evidence that documents the extent of overlap, or layering, between federal housing programs, including supply-side subsidies, such as the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), and demand-side rental assistance. Importantly, we know little about how the overlap varies by time, by geography, and in different housing market conditions. This project uses administrative data collected by federal agencies and public housing authorities to describe over time, at the national level, (a) the percentage of rental assistance recipients that reside in LIHTC units, (b) the percentage of LIHTC units that house a tenant who receives rental assistance, and (c) the number of LIHTC developments that include at least one recipient of rental assistance. Key findings are that there is significant overlap in programs and the level of overlap has increased meaningfully over time. From 2006 to 2018, the share of tenant-based rental assistance used in LIHTC units doubled. The article also highlights the changes that are needed to generate a more accurate national picture of the LIHTC program and overlap with other federal housing programs. These results will help inform debates about federal low-income housing policy and how these scarce housing supports are allocated.
40-9746
desegregation. exclusionary zoning. fair share. Low-income housing. neighborhood choice. opportunity health. vouchers.
Opening up neighborhoods that offer greater opportunities for social mobility to low- and moderate-income households remains a challenge in the United States. Exclusionary zoning practices act as a barrier to current efforts by restricting the supply of affordable housing. In this paper, we examine whether fair share policies that seek to bypass these restrictive zoning practices offer one potential solution. Focusing on Massachusetts Chapter 40B, we find clear evidence that such policies build affordable housing in neighborhoods with strikingly greater opportunities for social mobility than are otherwise available to low- and moderate-income households. Leveraging novel data on 40B development addresses linked to a wide range of public and administrative records, we find that 40B produces affordable units in neighborhoods with greater economic mobility, higher performing schools, greater social capital, less pollution, better health outcomes, and lower incarceration rates than both the typical neighborhood in Massachusetts and those available to beneficiaries of the state’s Low-Income Housing Tax Credit, Housing Choice Voucher, and public housing programs. Consistent with previous research on policies that have segregated affordable housing and opportunity, we also find that neighborhoods with affordable 40B units are whiter and more affluent than average. An examination of underlying policy mechanisms suggests that 40B’s ability to bypass exclusionary zoning plays a central role in explaining differences in neighborhood characteristics between 40B and other programs. We further find little evidence to support concerns that 40B’s zoning override leads to affordable 40B units being built in the least advantaged areas of municipalities, in polluted zones, or near highways, though a non-trivial share of units are located in industrial zones. These results suggest that policies like 40B may be valuable complements to other major housing programs in the United States.
40-9928
internet use. living environment improvement practices. recursive bivariate probit model. sustainable development. treatment effects.
Improving the living environment through household efforts remains a challenge for many developing countries. Little attention has been given to the role of Internet use in previous studies. Based on the Attitude Behavior Context (A-B-C) theory, this paper builds a theoretical framework where Internet use affects residents’ adoption of living environment improvement practices (LEIPs). Using large-scale household survey data from China, this paper adopts the recursive bivariate probit model to overcome the endogeneity biases and investigate the treatment effects of Internet use on residents’ adoption of integrated flushing toilets (IFT) and centralized disposal of domestic waste (CDDW). The results indicate that Internet use increases the likelihood of adopting IFT and CDDW by 24.5% and 19.0% respectively for Internet users. Besides, the counterfactual results show that the possibility of adopting IFT and CDDW will increase by 28.8% and 26.4% respectively if they use the Internet. Moreover, residents who are female, the CPC members, having more years of education and higher household income are more likely to adopt LEIPs. Additionally, the results show evidence of regional heterogeneity. Overall, the impact of Internet use on LEIPs adoption is larger for residents in less-developed and urban areas. The findings suggest that policies embedded with expanding Internet access shall help to promote the sustainable improvement of residents’ living environment.
30-8 PUBLIC SECTOR HOUSING
40-9747
affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH). evaluation. Fair housing. implementation program. land-use planning. neighborhoods. segregation.
A 2018 California law requires local governments to affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH) in their General Plan’s housing element. This paper examines how eight municipalities reacted to this requirement in three areas of their 2021 plans: the analysis of fair housing issues, proposed fair housing programs, and the location of sites identified for low-income housing development. We consider whether these cities’ over 200 fair housing programs are meaningful actions by evaluating their potential impact, and measure the distribution of proposed sites for new low-income housing across neighborhoods. The cities created many new programs in response to the mandate; however, most programs do not meaningfully advance fair housing goals. Moreover, most cities do not modify land-use plans to allow affordable housing in affluent neighborhoods. Additionally, we find a mismatch in the plans. The affluent, majority-white cities that developed more meaningful fair housing programs continued to concentrate sites for affordable housing in their least affluent neighborhoods. Our analysis of potential program impact allows us to identify AFFH oversight challenges and make recommendations for AFFH guidelines. We focus on California, but the research is relevant to federal AFFH implementation and raises questions about how to best advance fair housing goals.
40-9929
determinants. diversification effects. Household formation. livelihoods. non-farm. off-farm.
The livelihoods of upland communities in Vietnam are rapidly transforming due to socio-economic and environmental changes. As a result, livelihood diversification has emerged as an adaptive strategy to these pressures, while agricultural commercialization demands greater production specialization. This study explored livelihood and crop diversification in the central highlands using survey data from 364 households and 22 in-depth interviews. The Simpson Diversity Index and Herfindahl-Hirschman Indexe were used to measure diversification levels, and regression analysis identified key determinants. Findings revealed moderate-low livelihood diversification toward non-farm activities and moderate-high crop diversification, with a trend toward industrial cassava specialization. Household-head age, education, perception of climate risks, and transportation accessibility were key factors influencing livelihood diversification. The study recommends policies to enhance young laborers’ capacity in agriculture and promote the development of non-farm livelihood activities, leveraging local resources for sustainable upland development.
31. Energy
31-1 ENERGY POLICY
40-9748
building performance evaluation. building use survey (BUS). Domestic kitchen. health. indoor air quality. unintended consequences. ventilation.
New housing design has changed rapidly due to legislative requirements for energy-efficiency improvements. While housing energy efficiency is improving, little attention is given to individual indoor spaces, such as a domestic kitchen and associated occupant well-being. This study used secondary data from a building use survey (BUS) undertaken in 91 energy-efficient dwellings in five new social housing developments in Scotland to assess the occupant’s views and experiences of their kitchen environments. The occupants’ open-ended responses were explored using thematic analysis, identifying five themes: architectural design, building services, fixtures and fittings, change in diet and social outcomes. Satisfaction was reported for higher ceilings, good daylight, views and positive social engagement. Aspects considered poor related to construction quality, high internal temperature, low daylight levels, artificial lighting, and storage that negatively impacted the occupier’s lived experience. The results highlight broad issues associated with kitchen environments that can affect the occupiers’ physical and mental health. While an exploratory study, the outcomes emphasize the need for focused research of a larger sample size to explore the impact of kitchens on the resident’s health and well-being in modern housing.
31-3 ENERGY CONSERVATION
40-9749
Building simulation. energy consumption. Energy Use Intensity (EUI). multi-objective optimization. Percentage of People Dissatisfied (PPD). Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). thermal comfort.
Hot and arid regions require substantial energy to maintain indoor thermal comfort due to extreme climatic conditions. Selection and optimization of building materials offer substantial potential for enhancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort. This study investigates building envelope materials’ impacts on energy efficiency and occupant comfort through multi-objective optimization, evaluating six materials (insulated adobe, adobe, fire bricks, concrete, stone masonry and sintered bricks). In addition to Energy Use Intensity (EUI), Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Percentage of People Dissatisfied (PPD), a novel comfort level index is proposed, integrating thermal comfort perception and energy efficiency. This index quantifies both occupant thermal comfort perception and energy effectiveness of achieving such comfort conditions. A case study of Sukkur, Pakistan, using EnergyPlus simulations revealed insulated adobe as the optimal solution. Its Pareto-optimal configuration reduced annual energy consumption by 37.6% compared to concrete while ensuring thermal comfort for occupants. The results highlight that insulated adobe has superior thermophysical properties for balancing energy savings and comfort in hot, arid climates. This framework provides architects and policymakers with a decision-making tool to achieve climate-responsive designs through material optimization, advancing sustainable construction practices. The methodology and index offer theoretical and practical contributions to building performance evaluation.
40-9750
climate change. energy consumption. EnergyPlus simulation. Overheating. Phase change material.
Rising summer overheating risk in China’s cold regions due to climate change has drawn significant attention. Phase change material (PCM) has lowered indoor temperatures and saved energy in some areas, but its suitability and optimal phase change temperature in cold climates remain unconfirmed. This study evaluated overheating risks and assessed PCM’s potential impact within these regions. The indoor temperature of an office building was monitored from May to September 2022 to track overheating instances. This measurement data was also used to simulate the PCM’s effect in EnergyPlus. According to CIBSE TM52, Yichun experienced 255 h (13.89% of total time) of overheating, Harbin had 744 h (40.54%), Shenyang had 1173 h (63.89%), and Dalian had 1255 h (68.36%). Using PCM could reduce overheating hours by 198 h (10.78%) in Yichun, 346 h (18.85%) in Harbin, 351 h (19.12%) in Shenyang, and 204 h (11.11%) in Dalian. Additionally, it potentially reduced energy consumption by 4.56%-30.57% across these cities. To address climate change challenges, policymakers are suggested to contemplate implementing PCM as an effective measure to protect existing buildings from summer heat in the cold regions of China.
40-9930
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). Mount Huangshan. socio-ecological systems. synergy. World Natural Heritage.
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) originally aimed to promote nature conservation through community empowerment, but this aim is not easy to achieve. To analyze the reasons and propose responses, this paper constructed an analytical framework for CBNRM based on the theory of socio-ecological system synergies. A mixed-method (questionnaires, interviews, and observations) explanatory case study of Feicui village within the Mount Huangshan World Natural Heritage Site in Eastern China was conducted. The research illuminates the complexity of the CBNRM initiative in Feicui village, which neglects socio-ecological system synergies, leading to a lack of connection between the benefits from and attitudes toward natural conservation and a loss of integrated resource management. This study responds to the incomprehensibility of CBNRM and provides important theoretical contributions to international debates on CBNRM by highlighting the essence of recognizing system synergies to avoid deviating from the original intent of CBNRM.
40-9931
California. community choice aggregation. decentralization. energy transition. governance. renewable energy.
Decentralization of the electricity sector has mainly been studied in relation to its infrastructural aspect, particularly location and size of the generation units, and only recently more attention has been paid to the governance aspects. This article examines power sector (de)centralization operationalized along three functional dimensions: political, administrative and economic. We apply this framework to empirically assess the changes in California’s electricity market, which saw the emergence of institutional innovation in the form of community choice aggregation (CCA). Unpacking the Californian case illustrates how decision-making has moved from central state government and regulators to the municipal level in uneven ways and without decentralized generation keeping pace. We also explore the impacts this multidimensional and diversified decentralization has on the ultimate goals of energy transition: decarbonization and energy security. Our framework and empirical findings challenge the conventional view on decentralization and problematize the widespread assumptions of its positive influence on climate mitigation and grid stability.
31-4 ENERGY RESOURCES/ALTERNATIVES
40-9751
energy. housing. refurbishment. retrofit. time cost.
Despite a step change in the social-rented sector in recent years, retrofitting homes in the owner-occupied sector is still slow and expensive. This applies particularly to the case of solid wall (and unfillable cavity wall) homes where staple energy efficiency measures cannot be applied easily. Drawing on interviews with owner occupiers of traditionally constructed dwellings who have completed or are in the process of retrofit projects, this paper explores the role of time and cost within one-off energy retrofit programmes. It is observed that a mix of one-go and long-term projects of varying depths are being completed. Projects completed in one go appear most likely to achieve a deep retrofit required for meeting emissions reduction targets, yet the associated costs remain significant and beyond affordability for most households. Opportunities for time and cost savings are identified in the combination of renovation and retrofit works and the use of government subsidies, however, the correct sequencing of these measures is essential to avoid the occurrence of shallow retrofits or investment lock-ins.
40-9752
Building simulation. carbon emissions. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). indoor air quality. thermal comfort. windcatcher.
As the residential construction sector grows more quickly than other building sectors in Oman and other GCC nations, the proportion of total energy consumption in housing rises. The native inhabitants have implemented various strategies to enhance the thermal conditions in structures. The windcatcher was one of those methods used in hot climates when it was vital to achieve thermal comfort. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used in this research to find the best orientation of a windcatcher attached to a modern house in Muscat. In addition, thermal comfort and indoor air quality based on CO2 concentration were also studied. This paper tries to fill the gap in research on using windcatchers with modern houses and find the best design for such windcatchers. Results indicate that placing a windcatcher with a rotation of 30° from the north towards the east will give better air velocity than a windcatcher with angles of 0°, 45°, and 60°. Furthermore, it was found that the windcatcher improved the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) by 34% and the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfaction (PPD) by 48%. In addition, a modern house with a windcatcher reduced CO2 concentration by more than 5% compared to a house without a windcatcher.
40-9932
depoliticization. Narmada. repoliticization. SDG6. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). water flow.
A river is, by definition, a body of flowing water. A dam-induced water flow regulation affects its physicality and socio-political character. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 6.6 focused on protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems, including rivers, by 2020. In that sense, we aim to examine the political potential of water flow regulation as an urgent environmental concern in the context of a technology-based river regulatory mechanism. We employ conceptual discourses of depoliticization and repoliticization to explain how large-scale water controlling practices enact flow management and how such practices are challenged through grassroots mobilization. The article findings are based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Omkareshwar, India, during 2017–19, on the community’s everyday struggle due to erratic downstream flow in the Narmada River basin. We conclude by highlighting the need to subdue the existing depoliticized polity by an upward scaling of the repoliticization process for advancing the locals’ claims to regular flow.
31-5 ENERGY IMPACTS
40-9753
eco-friendly. eco-house. energy saving. Geothermal passive cooling. maritime desert climate.
Creating comfortable indoor conditions to avoid heat-related health problems is associated with high power consumption, forcing countries with hot climates to seek alternative solutions. In this study, a geothermal passive cooling system was implemented in the maritime desert climate region in Muscat, Oman. The system consisted of multiple path tube configurations, each 5 m long of 10 cm × 10 cm in cross-section, and was buried 2 m underground. Fins were attached to three tube sides in one path to enhance the heat transfer rate. The path of the finned tube significantly reduced the air outlet temperature. The fins increased the temperature drop by a substantial percentage, often exceeding 100% and sometimes even reaching 300%. Installing the geothermal passive cooling system secured an average temperature drop of 7°C. This drop led to a reduction in electricity bills by 4.58% for finned tubes and 4.17% for unfinned tubes. The overall energy savings achieved by the system was 12.91%, demonstrating its potential for reducing energy consumption in desert climates. Future research should focus on identifying the optimal size for geothermal systems to enhance their thermal performance and economic benefits, developing advanced materials, and integrating the system with renewable technologies to maximize their advantages.
40-9754
assessments. Building Regulations Part O. energy efficient residential. off-site manufacturing. Overheating. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE).
This paper presents evidence of overheating in present-day low-energy homes and explores the causes of this phenomenon. The study involved in-depth research on four low-energy homes in England. Three of these were newly built, while the other was retrofitted. Over a period of 11 months, the homes underwent environmental monitoring, and user perspectives were gathered. Additionally, a retrospective analysis was conducted based on the Building Regulations 2010 Overheating: Approved Document O. Overheating was primarily attributed to design factors related to ventilation (linked to both mechanical ventilation and natural ventilation), solar control (inadequate G-values), and the unique architectural elements (roof pod and sunspace). While most occupants employed adaptive behaviours whenever possible to cope with the high indoor temperatures, these strategies proved insufficient in preventing overheating in three out of four cases. The study also compared different methods for assessing overheating in low-energy homes. CIBSE-TM59 was found to be effective in identifying overheating issues and aligning with occupant perceptions. England Building Regulations Part O simplified method failed to account for potential overheating from deep energy retrofits, as well as possible exacerbations from roof pods and from transition spaces. Moreover, all assessments failed to encompass the elevated risk for (permanent or transitory) vulnerable occupants.
31-6 ENERGY SYSTEMS PLANNING
40-9755
building. embodied carbon flow. greenhouse gas (GHG). Life cycle assessment (LCA). limit value. roadmap.
Recent years have seen an increased focus on reducing embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings. This is exemplified by the race to develop national roadmaps and GHG limit values for buildings. In this study, 186 existing Norwegian LCA building case studies are collected, analyzed, and presented to ascertain WLC benchmark values for Norwegian buildings. The results are shown for different building typologies, per life cycle module, and per building part. The results also show the development of GHG emissions from Norwegian buildings over time and give a projection of GHG emission limit values towards 2030 and 2050. The results can be used by policy makers in the development of national roadmaps and WLC limit values for buildings.
40-9933
demand system. energy taxes. Household energy demand. microsimulation model.
We employ the Affine Stone Index demand system and Irish data to quantify the distributional effects of additional carbon taxes, taking into account the monetary benefits of action. We estimated the avoided economic damages from climate change, and the monetary value of the avoided emissions using willingness to pay from the literature. When these benefits of action are included in the metric for tax incidence, the tax burden decreases considerably. In addition, when the benefits disproportionately benefit low income households, carbon taxes are no longer regressive. We also analyze a flat and a pro-poor revenue allocation. We found that while these instruments reduce vertical inequalities (i.e. across income levels), they can increase horizontal inequalities (within income levels). We show that these instruments can reduce the environmental savings attributed to the additional carbon tax. However, this problem can be minimized by a partial allocation of additional revenues.
32. Environment
32-1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
40-9934
environmental governance. environmental non-government organizations. environmental policy. Indigenous protected areas. private protected areas.
What can we learn from the prodigious expansion of the non-government protected areas that now comprise 12% of terrestrial Australia? An increasingly professional, formal, and diverse non-government sector has developed since 1990, comprising private individuals, non-government organizations, and First Nations and having close ties to governments. We investigate the drivers, dynamics, and diversity of this sector through thematic analysis of 24 key informant interviews and associated gray literature. Changing environmental movements, science-led conservation, partial recognition of First Nations land rights, international agreements, and neoliberal reforms combined to formalize the sector during the 1990s. A bipartisan policy framework for incorporating non-government lands in the national conservation estate, diverse partnerships, transnational networks, and innovation in public and private funding helped grow the sector. The confluence of interests that has transformed the politics and practice of nature conservation in Australia is likely to inform those engaged with similar changes elsewhere.
40-9935
choice modeling. EU-LIFE program. nature conservation. public budget allocation. Public Policy.
Little is known about citizens’ judgment of nature conservation actions financed by public funds. The present work contributes to this topic with empirical evidence coming from a Choice Modeling (CM) study designed in an innovative mode. Using the participatory budget format, a CM exercise elicited respondents’ choice between the allocation of public funds for nature conservation actions versus other actions (e.g. social or economic interventions). The case study comprises an EU-LIFE project managed by a Portuguese municipality. Results highlight the importance of awareness of and accessibility to environmental goods, as those that are more willing to pay use the area for leisure activities and have a greater knowledge about it. In addition, we suggest that CM can be used as a tool to uncover citizens’ preferences regarding public budget allocation which can contribute to a democratization of decision making at this level.
40-9936
environmental knowledge. knowledge sharing. perceived environmental responsibility. pro-environmental behaviors. social ideal theory.
The climate crisis is accelerating at an unprecedented rate which can be overcome by depicting pro-environmental behaviors in personal, household, and industrial consumption areas. Grounded on the social ideal theory, the current study aims to examine the direct as well as the indirect impact of Environmental Knowledge (EK) and Environmental Concern (EC) on citizens’ Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) while studying Perceived Environmental Responsibility (PER) as a mediator. Moreover, the moderating role of Knowledge Sharing (KS) has also been investigated between EK and PEB. Surveying 581 citizens of twin cities, i.e. Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, at two different times. Results depicted that citizens’ EK and EC positively and significantly impact their PEB directly as well as through an underlying mechanism of PER. Moreover, the interactive effect of KS with EK has been found to enhance citizens’ PEB. Overall, this research brings multiple theoretical and policy implications with future research directions.
40-9937
capacity. China. green innovation. investment in environmental protection. solid waste governance.
Improving the capacity of solid waste governance is of great significance to alleviate environmental pollution. The current study analyzes the internal mechanism of investment in environmental protection, green innovation, and solid waste governance capacity. From 2011 to 2018, panel data for 30 provincial units in China were collected. The spatial econometric model and threshold regression model were used to approach study objectives. The results found that green innovation has a significant role in promoting solid waste governance capacity and the spatial spillover effect is obvious. In particular, green invention patent has a core stimulating effect; investment in environmental protection positively moderates the relationship between green innovation and solid waste governance capacity, and the main direction is green utility model patent. However, the spatial spillover effect is not obvious. Moreover, the moderating effect has obvious spatial heterogeneity, especially in the Eastern region. Further analysis showed that there is a single threshold effect of green innovation on solid waste governance capacity. When investment in environmental protection reaches the threshold value of 12.40, the effect of green innovation on solid waste governance capacity is further enhanced. The results provide an important theoretical and practical reference value for China to improve the capacity of solid waste governance.
40-9938
incentives and barriers. photovoltaic (PV). policy making. system dynamics (SD). technological innovation system (TIS).
Transition to sustainable energies is a fast-growing field of research. Modeling complex systems can expand our possibilities in this field through quantitative analysis. Photovoltaic technology is one the best potential energy sources in Iran but until now, this technology has not been diffused appropriately. According to the review of research on PV TIS, it was found that in developing countries such as Iran, quantitative analyses based on simulation by system dynamics have not been performed and also, positive and negative effective factors on this system (incentives and barriers), not comprehensively identified. Therefore, in this study, at first, positive and negative effective factors in the PV TIS of Iran were identified and in the next stage, innovation engines were extracted. In order to develop improvement policies, Iran’s PV TIS has been modeled using a system dynamics approach, and quantitative analyzes related to its performance have been presented using Vensim Ple software. Finally, in this study, some policies have been developed to promote PV TIS performance.
32-2 ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING
40-9756
Biodiversity. community empowerment. COVID-19 pandemic. environment and sustainability. extinction. indigenous knowledge.
This perspective article highlights the global well-being movement within and beyond community development, which can be informed to examine the interconnections between wildlife well-being and human well-being. COVID-19’s global impact has brought into sharp focus the magnitude of the social, economic, and environmental crises facing leaders, communities, nations, wildlife, and the planet. Post-COVID-19, community development research, policy, and practice require comprehensive approaches addressing social unrest, climate, and biodiversity in tandem. This article showcases how community development professionals can leverage wildlife conservation to bolster and mutually reinforce community well-being, drawing on the natural and cultural capital literature, which can inform empirical research, theory, and practice. This article guides community development professionals to link wildlife capital/well-being to human well-being, embrace Indigenous wisdom around conservation, and build upon momentum in scientific inquiry around well-being measures. This perspective article concludes showcasing how community well-being pursuits can integrate wildlife and local wisdom in community development.
40-9757
Carbon dioxide. demand controlled ventilation. dwelling retrofit. indoor pollutants. relative humidity. temperature.
This paper reviews a Sensor-Based Demand-Controlled Ventilation (SBDCV) system which seeks to provide fresh air for breathing and to dilute and exhaust pollutants and odours. Previous studies have demonstrated that the constant pressure system increases ventilation extract and inflow based on relative humidity levels and/or presence detection and works on the assumption that the level of ventilation provided is sufficient to control the concentration of all indoor air pollutants, including those that are not occupant generated. This paper presents the results obtained from monitoring the indoor air quality of eight dwellings that had undergone a fabric-first deep energy retrofit and had an SBDCV system installed. It is demonstrated that while the large-scale deep energy retrofit of dwellings will result in consistent temperatures and an appropriate range of humidities, the SBDCV system is insufficient to ensure the removal of all occupancy and non-occupancy related pollutants and an alternative approach that addresses this shortcoming is required. The findings demonstrate that the use of SBDCV in deep energy retrofit could have significant health and wellbeing impacts for occupants. The findings have implications for the policy framework, particularly in the context of large-scale retrofit targets, grant aid supports and the requirement for healthy homes.
40-9758
carbon dioxide emission. indoor air quality. Mediterranean climate. school. TVOC.
In the context of a warmer climate, one of the population sectors most affected are children. Therefore, it is important to consider the study of school buildings since children invest there about 30% of their time. In schools, human activities (CO2) are the main sources of pollution, along with the emissions of construction materials and cleaning products (TVOC). Additionally, reaching good indoor air quality should not be to the detriment of adequate thermal comfort. This work aims to make a comparison between different classrooms of a school in Palma (Mallorca, Spain) by assessing the values of relative humidity, temperature, TVOC and CO2 concentration during the month of June, the warmest month. This study aims to contribute to the field with the achieved outcomes. It is observed that CO2 increases until it exceeds the limit levels, established by current policies, up to 54% of the time during school time. TVOC concentration also exceeds the limit, up to 65% of the time. On the other hand, indoor temperature is above the comfort range between 75 and 100% of the time, being higher than the outdoor temperature. The relative humidity is mainly within comfortable values.
40-9759
community development. rural health. rural schools. School-based health centers (SBHCs).
School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide comprehensive health care services to children through facilities that are located directly within their school. Although traditionally located in low-income urban communities, SBHCs are becoming more prevalent in rural schools, and we propose that they may have important positive impacts in those communities. By reducing distance to care providers, capitalizing on the role of schools as a known local institution, providing consistent preventive care, and leveraging understanding of community challenges in providing health care services, SBHCs can increase health care access and positively impact social determinants of health. They may also contribute to community development if establishing and maintaining the SBHCs community activates community capitals and enhances resource sharing, communication and relationship building. We expand on these ideas by providing a case study of SBHC development and outcomes using data from a not-for-profit healthcare organization that operates a network of SBHCs in four adjacent rural counties of New York state.
40-9939
cold region. identifiability. Identification. integrated water quality modeling. uncertainty.
Identification of integrated models is still hindered by submodels’ uncertainty propagation. In this article, a novel identifiability and identification framework is applied to screen and establish reasonable hypotheses of an integrated instream (WASP) and catchment water quality (VENSIM) model. Using the framework, the models were linked, and critical parameters and processes identified. First, an ensemble of catchment nutrient loads was simulated with randomized parameter settings of the catchment processes (e.g. nutrient decay rates). A second Monte Carlo analysis was then staged with randomized loadings and parameter values mimicking insteam processes (e.g. algae growth). The most significant parameters and their processes were identified. This coupling of models for a two-step global sensitivity analysis is a novel approach to integrated catchment-scale water quality model identification. Catchment processes were, overall, more significant to the river’s water quality than the instream processes of this Prairie river system investigated (Qu’Appelle River).
40-9940
mechanism. plastic recycling behavior. Social capital. Theory of Planned Behavior.
Plastic waste has become a significant challenge for waste managers currently. Recycling is an important measure to reduce the associated environmental impacts. However, the recycling rate for plastic waste is low. As a notably contextual and collectivist society, China is a major consumer and waste treater of plastics. In this context, social capital may be a vital factor of Chinese plastic recycling behavior (PRB) but without enough attention. This study explores the role and mechanism of social capital on Chinese residents’ PRB based on an extended Theory of Planned Behavior model. Primary data collected from 803 residents in China was used to test the model empirically. The results show that social capital (trust, social norms and social networks) significantly influence PRB. Furthermore, personal norms and attitude are mediators between social capital and PRB. Additionally, perceived behavioral control weaken the effect of social norms on PRB.
40-9941
China. Corruption. haze pollution. high-quality development. market segmentation. mediatory effects.
Corruption and market segmentation generally result from inter-regional resource allocation mechanism at the level of government and market, and it is of great significance to clarify their effects on haze pollution for the healthy development of the regional economy. With theoretical analysis, this paper applies systematic GMM to examine the impact of corruption on haze pollution. The mediatory effect model is used to further evaluate the mediatory effect of market segmentation by using panel data for 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2018. The evaluations reveal that corruption positively affects haze pollution at the 1% significance level and has a prominent “time inertia”. After alleviation of the endogenous problem and a series of robustness tests, this conclusion remains valid. Based on national samples, corruption, especially environmental corruption, not only directly provokes an increase in haze pollution, but also aggravates it through market segmentation, and, the impact of corruption on haze pollution in different regions and at different periods has significant heterogeneity. Therefore, policymakers should start from the institutional mechanism to curb haze pollution by improving the performance appraisal system. Moreover, the synergistic effect between anti-corruption and governance on the environment should be enhanced by improving the anti-corruption management system. Local protectionism should be eliminated to promote the integration of regional markets. A unified, open and organized market system should be established to form the synergy of governance on the environment.
32-3 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
40-9760
community regional development. ecosystem services. entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). Social entrepreneurship.
While the literature on conventional entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) is large and growing, relatively little has been written about social entrepreneurship ecosystems (SEEs). Yet, because social entrepreneurship is distinct from conventional entrepreneurship, it is reasonable to assume that their respective ecosystems differ in significant ways as well. How exactly do they differ, if in fact they do? Do a community’s EE and SEE interact, and, if so, in what ways? What system-level attributes make an SEE vibrant? What role do local social entrepreneurship support organizations play in SEEs, and what is their impact on social entrepreneurs and the social and economic fabric of the community? In this thematic issue, we curate a selection of articles that address these and other questions about SEEs and, in so doing, hopefully inspire more research on this important subject while helping to organize it into a cohesive body of research going forward.
40-9942
anglers. aquatic stewardship. Australia. habitat. recreational fishers. rehabilitation.
Neoliberal thought has exerted significant influence over the crafting and delivery of environmental policy. This has manifested in enlisting non-state actors to advance environmental policy agendas in ways that were previously the responsibility of the state. The participation of these non-state actors is positioned as integral to solving intractable environmental challenges, such as the degradation of fish habitat. Drawing on responsibilisation as a technique of governance, this research adopts a case-based study of fisheries rehabilitation policy to explore how recreationists are being mobilized to address environmental problems. Deploying interpretive policy analysis to analyze key policy artifacts this research highlights how fishers as recreational users of aquatic areas are constituted as moral, political and authoritative actors who bear responsibility for ameliorating degraded fish habitats, despite the impacts of recreational fishing on these habitats being contested. We conclude by identifying the implications of this responsibilisation for the implementation of co-management and shared stewardship of fisheries resources.
40-9943
community engagement. higher education. institutions of higher education (IHEs). service learning. service-learning and community engagement (SLCE). sustainable justice.
In this essay, we offer a framework for a community development-focused, multilateral, sustainable justice-oriented service-learning and community engagement (SLCE); exploring what it is, why it is needed, how it looks different from other existing and emerging trends in SLCE, and how we believe it would transform the ways in which institutions of higher education (IHEs) think about and approach both community partnership-building and student learning in community contexts. To this end, we draw out the dimensions of a transformed practice of multilateral partnership and demonstrate how it would deeply challenge both foundational understandings and current models. Finally, we discuss how a transformed partnership framework would necessarily alter the way we conceptualize student learning – and the benefits of students’ learning – in community contexts.
40-9944
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China. environmental sustainability. Foreign Direct Investments (FDI).
This study aims to unravel the environmental effects of institutional quality in relationship with China’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries. The empirical analysis is conducted over the period 2003–2018, using the System-GMM approach with the Windmeijer finite-sample correction. We infer that China’s FDI has a detrimental effect on environmental quality, which validates the ‘pollution haven hypothesis’ in the BRI region. Importantly, the interaction effect of China’s FDI with indicators of institutional quality yields negative and significant results. This entails that strong institutions can boost the quality of the environment through FDI attractiveness. In further assessment, the threshold levels of institutional quality are calculated, beyond which China’s FDI can reduce carbon emissions in the BRI region. This substantiates both the pollution haven and pollution halo hypotheses. The study underscores the importance of institutional reform in the quest for sustainable development, owing to the fact that most economies prioritize FDI-led growth strategies.
40-9945
Environmental stewardship (ES). motivations. nonprofit organizations. scale/size.
Environmental stewardship (ES) typically occurs at nonprofit organizations through stewardship programs. Organizations may have limited capacity to understand what motivates volunteers, which limits recruitment and sustainment. Using a community geography approach, we propose that stewards self-sort and mobilize based on how an organization’s scale of operation matches the scale of stewards’ motivations. We test this in a comparative research design wherein volunteers at two disparate partner organizations were surveyed (n = 341). After collapsing those motivations via exploratory factor analysis, a nominal logistic regression model predicted each volunteer’s organizational affiliation as a function of their motivations. The results reinforce a “First Law of Environmental Stewardship”, which states that all stewards share certain overarching motivations; but motivations are more alike within organizations than between organizations. The close correspondence between motivational and organizational scales suggests that nonprofits seeking to broaden their volunteer pools can experiment with multiscalar programming, combining immediate, place-based actions alongside movement-building.
40-9946
Bonn Germany. human heat stress. parallel modeling approach. scenario planning. urban planning. vulnerability analysis.
The juxtaposition of climate change and development changes is vital for understanding the future impacts of heat stress in urban areas. However, an approach that considers the relationship between climatic factors and socio-economic vulnerability in a forward-looking and stakeholder-involved manner is challenging. This article demonstrates the application of a future-oriented vulnerability scenarios approach to address human heat stress in Bonn, Germany, in 2035. The study highlights the interplays between climate trajectories and heat exposure associated with urban development scenario corridors. Moreover, this method allows for changing combinations of intersections and conditionalities of projected individual socio-economic vulnerability indicators in response to social and climate governance. However, this study found that a conventional structure within city departments might limit this integrative approach in practice. Thus, the theoretical background and the concept of alternative futures and uncertainties should be the focus of communication with practitioners to maximize the utilization of the results.
40-9947
collaboration. community development. environmental planning. local government. Social capital.
Many factors, including regulations, community values, and economic and environmental considerations, influence environmental planning decisions. Across the nation, local elected and appointed boards and commissions are responsible for planning and land use regulations. However, few studies have focused on environmental planning through comprehensive and parks and recreation plans. Using Indiana communities as a case study, this research highlights the theory and practice of environmental planning and community development, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and the presence of social capital. Statewide focus groups found that communities integrate varying environmental planning processes into comprehensive and parks and recreation plans. As a result, these plans represent underutilized potential to guide conservation and collaboration. Integrating environmental planning into local government activities is limited by time, political will, and community awareness. As such, communities need continued support and resources to build social capital that leads to engaging with the public, decision-makers, and collaborators in meaningful ways to foster effective environmental planning.
40-9948
business strategy. CEO power. environmental information disclosure. government regulation. industry competition.
This study attempted to investigate the impact of business strategy on corporate environmental information disclosure. We further explored whether the relationship between business strategy and environmental information disclosure is moderated by CEO power, industry competition, and government regulation. The research sample consisted of 1,530 firms listed in Chinese Stock “A” markets from the year 2013 to 2017. The results indicated that firms adopting prospector business strategy tend to disclose more environmental information. Besides, the relationship between business strategy and environmental information disclosure is strengthened when the CEO has more power, firms located in moderately competitive industries, and firms face more rigorous government regulation. Overall, this study provides specific policy implications for regulatory agencies and suggestions for the sustainable development of firms.
40-9949
environment protection. environmental regulations. new environmental protection law (NEPL). overinvestment.
This article studies the impact of stringent environmental regulation on the investment behavior of firms. Using panel data for Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2018, we take the implementation of the new environmental protection law (NEPL) in 2015 as a quasi-natural experiment and identify its impact on reducing overinvestment of high polluting firms. Further, for the potential mechanism, we find that the reduction in agency costs and the decrease in the financing caused by NEPL can help to alleviate overinvestment problems. Considering the heterogeneity of firms, NEPL has a greater effect on state-owned firms and large-scale firms, which have serious overinvestment problems. Our empirical evidence strongly supports that NEPL can realize a win-win situation for the environment and the economy.
32-4 RISK MANAGEMENT/IMPACT ASSESSMENT
40-9761
built environment. crisis. resilience. risk management. urban governance. urban resilience.
Resilience is increasingly prominent in the built environment (BE) research, emphasizing holistic thinking. However, the existing frameworks tend to be limited in their spatial–temporal scopes and often focus on a few known threats like climate change and resilience at narrow spatial scales. Hence, there is a need for a broader approach to prepare BEs for diverse future crises and engage stakeholders at multiple levels. This study aims to reinforce the current understanding of BE resilience with a spatial-temporally dynamic qualitative future studies-based approach. With the Futures Wheel method, this study engaged 179 experts across 58 multidisciplinary groups to explore how resilience evolves during possible crises. The study identifies 25 resilience development themes, categorized as (1) physical resilience, (2) institutional and organizational resilience, (3) critical infrastructure resilience and (4) psychosocial resilience. Findings reveal that there are overarching themes for developing resilience for numerous diverse threats in the BE, applicable to individual spaces and buildings, their spatial dynamics and broader spatial scales. The results build up the existing literature, offering insights for urban scholars to refine the resilience concept, and guiding policymakers, planners, architects and real estate professionals in formulating proactive and comprehensive strategies, checklists and vulnerability assessments for resilient BEs.
40-9950
climate change mitigation. Community resiliency. disaster risk reduction. Participation. social capital.
This work explores how social capital impacts community resilience via the community development framework, with dimensions spanning trust, cooperativism, volunteerism, reciprocity, and interpersonal relationships in mitigating climate change impacts. With flooding impacts as a case, a mixed method approach was used, purposely recruiting 24 research cooperators in one of the suburban villages in the central Philippines. Results show that key components in disaster mitigation plans include help-seeking behavior, community responses, social relations, and resource allocation within communities. Findings demonstrate that social capital has proven invaluable in mobilizing resources, building resilience, disseminating information, mediating conflict resolution, providing psychological support, and improving livelihoods within communities. By exploring the role of social capital in community development, this study sheds light on its importance for climate change mitigation and disaster risk reduction initiatives. Policymakers, development practitioners, and community leaders can frame these findings to effectively harness social capital and foster community participation.
40-9951
complexity. governance. wildfire. wildfire risk.
Numerous wildfire management agencies and institutions rely primarily on simple risk approaches to wildfire that focus on technical risk assessments that do not reflect the complexity of contemporary wildfire risk. This review paper argues that such insufficiently complex conceptualizations of risk, which do not account for the social and ecological diversity of fire-prone areas, are key contributors to the continued wildfire dilemma. We discuss distinctions between approaching wildfire as a simple and a complex risk and illuminate the need for expanded and complimentary ways to further fire adaptation. We then share five principles to guide approaching wildfire as a complex risk to increase adaptation to and coexistence with wildfire. Such efforts are more likely to yield socially relevant and legitimate strategies for building wildfire adapted communities by recognizing and accounting for the complexities of wildfire governance amongst a variety of stakeholders who may operate at various scales using different knowledge systems.
40-9952
board gender diversity. corporate social responsibility. managerial risk taking. mediation effect. structural equation modeling (SEM).
Existing literature is inconclusive about the relationship between gender diversity and risk taking and prior researchers assume, implicitly, that this relationship is direct. Conflicting results have led us to consider that a direct link is too simplistic and that this relationship can be mediated by other contextual variables. This is the first study to investigate the mediating effect of corporate social responsibility on the relationship between gender diversity and risk taking. A Structural Equation Model is used on a sample of 91 listed French firms on SBF over the period 2008–2018. Our results show that (1) CSR is positively associated with gender diversity; (2) CSR is negatively linked to firm risk; and (3) gender diversity impacts risk-taking in part through CSR mediation. Our findings are robust to several model specifications. It has important implications for shareholders and regulators, namely by highlighting the important role played by CSR in addressing this relationship.
40-9953
flood risk management. institutional analysis. multi-level governance. spatial planning. urban flood resilience.
Due to increasing flood risks, urban planners and water managers are called to enhance urban flood resilience. The implementation of resilience measures requires coordination across levels of government. This study aims to unravel the complexity of implementing spatial strategies to enhance urban flood resilience in the Metropolitan City of Naples. The research is informed by the politicized Institutional Analysis and Development framework, which relates contextual variables, discourses, and institutions (formal\informal rules-in-use) to policy outcomes. This framework is used to explain the outcomes of decision-making in multiple nested action arenas on urban flood risk management policies. It is shown that closed decision-making processes that do not involve lower levels of government, limited monitoring and enforcement, and illegal practices lead to poor coordination across levels of government. This lack of coordination explains why floodplain occupancy continues, thus hampering the shift towards a risk-based approach in flood risk management.
32-5 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY/POLLUTION
40-9762
Indoor-environmental quality (IEQ). occupants’ interaction with environment. personal factors. productivity. thermal comfort.
This study investigates the impact of personal factors on students’ productivity and relation with Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) parameters through thermal comfort in a university classroom. The research is based on experimental research involving measurements, 240 productivity tests created for the purpose of the research and participation of 99 respondents. Paper proposes a novel approach, correlating personal occupants’ parameters with thermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) parameters that affect productivity. The novel approach implies the inclusion of all experimentally measured parameters that affect productivity in the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) calculation, with the aim of distinguishing the impact caused by personal factors alone. This approach has not been used before and presents a significant gap between the existing prediction calculation models in literature and results obtained in real environments. The differences between calculated and measured productivity in real environments can be substantial, reaching over 80%. Approximately 80% of measured productivity values within the PMV range of -0.25–1 are impacted by personal factors. The importance of personal factors might be greater concerning how often they affect productivity, as opposed to the extent of their influence.
40-9763
circular economy (CE). Construction and demolition waste management. intention. policy instruments. sustainable development.
The circular economy (CE) is a promising solution to the growing construction waste and the environmental problems it brings, and government policy instruments are vital for promoting CE implementation. Existing research has been focused on the effects of one or two specific policy tools, like subsidies or fines, on construction CE implementation, which lacked comprehensive comparison among policy instruments and overlooked the stakeholders’ consciousness. There are three policy instruments and each has different characteristics and effects. Therefore, based on the Stimulus–organism–response theory, this study comprehensively explored the impact of the three policy instruments on CE implementation, and the mediating role of contractor intentions was considered. The quantitative questionnaire survey and partial least squares structural equation modelling analysis methods were used to study the relationship between the three policy instruments and CE intention and implementation. Then, the qualitative interview method was adopted to validate the results and provide practical advice. The results provide the government with a policy instrument decision-making framework, which gives a theoretical basis and practical implications for the government and contractor companies in CE implementation and gives insight into releasing construction waste and pollution problems.
40-9954
Energy intensity threshold level. environmental pollution. logistic performance. panel smooth transition regression.
The present study examines the impact of energy intensity on the relationship between logistic performance and environmental pollution in 45 countries supporting the One Belt One Road (OBOR) project proposed to revitalize the historical Silk Road for the period between 2007 and 2018 by means of Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) analysis using the energy intensity as the threshold. The analysis results indicated that the relationship between logistics performance and environmental pollution is not linear, and energy intensity level has an important role in this relationship. The energy intensity threshold level was estimated as 3.228% and 4.432% in low and high energy intensity countries, respectively. When the energy intensity level is below the threshold in both low and high energy intensity countries, increase in logistics performance reduces environmental pollution. However, when it is above the threshold, a rise in logistics performance increases environmental pollution. In this context, reducing energy intensity is deemed helpful for the establishment of a favorable environment for logistic performance and environmental factors in the long term, leading to the reduction of environmental pollution.
40-9955
behavior change. engagement. green infrastructure. livability. water management.
Water management increasingly focuses on tackling stormwater pollution to improve waterway health. Community members have a role in adopting pollution-reduction practices and supporting technologies such as water sensitive urban design. However, because communities are unfamiliar with these practices and technologies, little is known about how they make sense of these ‘water sensitive innovations’. Drawing on Diffusion of Innovations theory, we conduct focus groups across different regions of Australia. Our findings indicate that key barriers to adoption included poor understanding of the relative advantage of these practices and technologies, and perceived poor compatibility with community members’ lifestyle and local geography. In turn, appraisals of relative advantage were constrained by limited observability of stormwater pollution and the benefits that innovations generate for people and the environment. Our findings suggest engagement strategies should emphasize the relevance and advantages of water sensitive innovations, and help individuals visualize the intangible elements of stormwater pollution management.
40-9956
construction sector. Fuzzy MICMAC. GLS enablers. Green Lean Six Sigma. interpretive structural model. sustainability.
Resource conservation, sustainability, quality, and cost control have been considered significant issues for the construction sector worldwide. Green Lean Six Sigma not only improves quality, process flow, resource conservation, and environmental performance but also minimizes cost, waste, and lead time. The construction sector in Pakistan is struggling to adopt sustainable and quality-oriented practices. In this context, this paper aims to identify Green Lean Six Sigma enablers from the perspective of Pakistan’s construction industry. Interpretive Structural Modelling consolidated with the Fuzzy Matrice d’Impacts Croises – Multipication Applique a classement technique, was employed to establish an ISM model and measure fuzzy indirect interactions, strengths, effectiveness and categorization of enablers. The findings signify that the most significant driving enablers are government support and incentives, availability of financial resources, top-management determination to enhance sustainability, and organizational capability and quality maturity level for GLS operations. These results could facilitate practitioners, policymakers, and government by providing insights to promote GLS methods for the sustainable growth of the construction sector. This study will assist practitioners and policymakers in developing appropriate strategies considering the intricate relationships and intensity of influence among Green, Lean and Six Sigma enablers during GLS adoption. Researchers can identify and analyze the elements related to their industries and country. Society will benefit in terms of health and the environmentally friendly built environment.
40-9957
diversified agglomeration. environmental quality. producer services agglomeration. specialized aggregation. sustainable development.
This study investigates the impact of producer service agglomeration on environmental quality (EQ) using the spatial Durbin model to analyze China’s provincial data from 2003 to 2017. The results reveal China’s EQ’s spatial positive correlation and local agglomeration characteristics. The specialized agglomeration (SA) of producer services can inhibit the EQ of local and neighboring regions; the diversified agglomeration (DA) of producer services does the opposite. Regional heterogeneity was found in eastern China, where SA inhibits the EQ of local and neighboring regions, and DA improves the EQ of local environment. In central China, SA can improve the EQ, but DA is not conducive to environmental improvement. In the western region, SA and DA have no significant impact on the EQ of the region nor on its neighboring regions. To achieve sustainable development, a series of policy recommendations has been proposed.
32-6 CATASTROPHES/DISASTERS/EMERGENCIES
40-9764
COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA). Gender marker laws. gender nonconforming. housing policies. identification documents (IDs). transgender.
Barriers to changing gender markers on identification documents (IDs) create many economic challenges for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. In the United States, each state has different laws and processes for changing the gender marker on a state ID. Using Household Pulse Survey data, this paper investigates whether transgender renters residing in states with several hurdles to changing gender on a driver’s license had a more difficult time accessing emergency rental assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive results from baseline logistic regression models suggest that among transgender individuals, residing in states that require proof of sex-change surgery, a court order, or an amended birth certificate to change gender on a driver’s license was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving emergency rental assistance after applying. Gender marker laws have deep consequences for housing policy: state-level considerations for the transgender population should be included in housing policy design.
40-9958
Community resilience. disaster risk reduction. framework. Myanmar. nongovernmental organization (NGOs). self-dependent.
Enhancing disaster resilience has become crucial for minimizing vulnerabilities and mitigating the impact of disasters on people. This study aims to provide a holistic understanding of community disaster resilience that highlights the significance of local communities’ ability toward disaster risk reduction in Myanmar. Our concept focuses on three main components: emergency preparedness, adaptive capacity, and community management, which can contribute to the real resilience of local people living within Myanmar’s flood-prone area. We developed the framework through a step-by-step process built upon existing scholarly debates, and participatory consultations with community stakeholders, especially an approach to capacity-based resilience characteristics. Our framework can be applied to assess community resilience to climate change-related disasters and will allow organizations such as Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of the community more effectively for disaster risk reduction in Myanmar.
40-9959
exercise. Mental health. PARADISEU program. physical activity (PA). sense of community.
After the 2018 Camp Fire decimated the town of Paradise, California, a group physical activity (PA) program was developed to support the community. The PARADISEU program (Physical Activity Reduces Anxiety and Depression Increases the Stress Response and Energizes You) was based on evidence that participating in PA has the potential to positively impact mental health. The current study explored the potential of PA programs to assist in individual and community growth and (re)development efforts following a natural disaster using a qualitative case-study method. Fourteen participants in the community PA program were interviewed. From their experiences, four themes emerged: benefits of physical exercise, a sense of place, social connection, and importance of leadership in the group PA classes for creating community. A composite vignette shares participants’ experiences surrounding these themes. This study provides valuable information for future community development in post-disaster recovery scenarios.
40-9960
community development. community perspective. disaster-recovery. participatory reconstruction. perceived processes.
Engaging citizens is crucial in disaster recovery efforts, yet its actualization remains elusive. Communities often find themselves relegated to passive recipients, leading to suboptimal reconstruction projects. The primary objective of this study was to explore the community’s perspective regarding optimal processes and outcomes requisite for their meaningful participation, aligning these insights with community development principles. Utilizing qualitative research methodologies such as face-to-face interviews, observations, focus group discussions, and questionnaire surveys the study identified key processes, including equitable stakeholder representation, empowerment in decision-making, integration of indigenous knowledge, early community engagement, and capacity enhancement. These processses are pivital for achieving sustainable development outcomes such as project ownership and successful attainment of project objectives. This research provides critical insights into engaging residents in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts emphasizing the integral role of community development in facilitating inclusive and effective recovery and ensuring projects meet community needs and expectations.
32-7 SUSTAINABILITY
40-9765
cash-crop agriculture. debts. deforestation. financialisation. microfinance schemes. social-environmental impacts. sustainable urban development.
A global consensus has emerged that private finance capital is required to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Critical scholars within geography have argued that this consensus is driven by the financialization of development, and that it is based on self-regulatory market mechanisms that fail to mitigate environmental harm. Building on this scholarship, I present findings from qualitative research about the social-environmental impacts of investment into the Cambodian microfinance industry, which is increasingly carried out in the name of sustainability. This industry regularly provisions loans to farmers engaged in cash-crop agriculture within Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary, a highly biodiverse area located in eastern Cambodia. As part of a broader conjuncture of land grabbing, illegal logging, and migrant settlement, however, cash-crop agriculture has contributed to significant forest loss inside of community-protected areas surrounding Keo Seima’s core conservation area. I argue that microfinance loans have helped to fund much of this agricultural encroachment, thus accelerating deforestation, and that this problem is likely to be exacerbated as investment for microfinance is scaled up in the name of sustainability. This is because compliance with sustainable investment standards is voluntary, monitoring of environmental outcomes is limited, and harmful externalities are regulated by a state supportive of an extractivist mode of development. The findings from this research contribute to broader scholarship within geography related to the financialization of development and its social-environmental impacts.
40-9766
Entrepreneurial universities. Social entrepreneurship. social entrepreneurship ecosystem (SEE). UN SDGs. university engagement.
Sustainability themes have increasingly gained traction within academia and industry. The knowledge accumulation is at the development stage and remains more understanding about the phenomenon in the black box. Innovative sustainable initiatives are little known, especially in transforming individuals’ values, culture, and well-being. Universities are well-placed to contribute to this academic conversation as they seek solutions and responses to current grand societal challenges through their core activities (teaching, research, and engagement). A good example has been the recent development of disruptions by universities to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Inspired by these debates, this study theorizes/tests how an entrepreneurial university ecosystem contributes to the UN SDGs’ achievement through its core activities and social-entrepreneurial orientation. By adopting a retrospective case study of a Latin-American University, our study provides insights/implications into the configuration of university social entrepreneurial ecosystems and their sustainable contributions to the SDGs.
40-9767
circular economy (CE). climate action. energy efficiency. networks. Sustainability transition.
Interaction between actors in sustainability transition is fundamental for generating knowledge about what constitutes a just, equitable and sustainable society. This paper focuses on the Finnish housing and construction sector as a socio-technical system, which currently accounts for about 40% of energy consumption and 35% of greenhouse gas emissions. A qualitative interview study with 18 organizations and a larger network study involving 35 actors were conducted to address the research questions: How do actors constitute a network and define climate-wise housing and construction? What specific focus areas can be identified around climate action? What issues support or inhibit climate-wise housing and construction? Although the network appeared relatively dense and inclusive, misalignment emerged upon closer examination. The actors were uniformly engaged in energy-related topics, but differed in their emphasis level on household choices, low-carbon materials, and the circular economy. Supporting and inhibiting factors were identified within three broad categories: alignment of goals, network characteristics, and transformation propensity. The findings suggest that climate action is gaining ground in housing and construction, but there is evidence of institutional inertia, a demand for accelerating support for intermediation, and a need to harness organizational resources and individual capabilities to create sustainability transitions.
40-9768
Australia. green building. green buildings. information disclosure. occupants. survey. Sustainability.
The provision of sustainability information is a crucial step in raising awareness and promoting sustainability in the residential sector. The effectiveness of this information in increasing interest in sustainability depends on its relevancy and suitability for the intended recipients, namely potential buyers or renters. However, the evaluation of such suitability is impeded due to limited research regarding buyers’ and renters’ preferences and priorities for sustainability information. A nationwide survey of 410 respondents living in Australia provided the data to understand the sustainability priorities and information preferences of three apartment stakeholders: owner-residents, investors, and renters. The survey investigated how ownership type and demographics influence sustainability priorities as well as the perceived importance of information across three criteria: comfort, cost and consumption, and layout and location. The results show that current and potential apartment buyers and renters place high importance on receiving information pertaining to all three criteria. The comfort criterion was found to be significantly more important across most of the studied ownership and demographic groups. Findings from this study can assist apartment developers and researchers in determining key sustainability information that aligns with the preferences and priorities of the targeted buyers and renters.
40-9769
community perspective. community readiness. Eco-tourism. Kenyir Lake. socio-economic.
Kenyir Geopark development has always been discussed by the State Government and various other agencies to improve the eco-tourism industry at Kenyir Lake. Tourism products and activities have been implemented. The development around Kenyir Lake through multiple agency’s role and policy that is established to disclose how the specialists use aspiration and best practices to achieve sustainable tourism. Conservation and socio-economic approaches are the specific interaction between community and stakeholders, their environments and lead to more viable development outcomes. Data were obtained quantitatively through surveys and qualitatively through interviews combination and document content analysis. The questionnaires were distributed, and 378 people responded. The results indicate that the community knowledge on development is crucial and it requires community cooperation to ensure the success of eco-tourism. Controlling and monitoring from the involved parties are also required. It is hoped that this study will guide the management in achieving its geopark goals.
40-9770
Building design. built environment. crisis preparedness. housing design. resilience. sustainability.
The built environment and various ongoing crises, e.g. climate change, the biodiversity crisis, and declining well-being due to the pandemic, are interconnected. Resilience of the built environment has become increasingly important and construction professionals have a focal role in promoting it. This paper investigates the opportunities that professionals possess to introduce key aspects of resilience in building projects in their everyday practice in Finland. Six targeted focus group interviews for Finnish city planners, housing specialists, housing developers, housing architects, public building and landscape architects, and sustainability specialists were organized, encompassing 32 different professionals. A crisis preparedness checklist was developed and used as a concretization of resilience. Findings show that (1) currently all Finnish built environment professionals, except housing architects, are able to integrate some aspects of resilience in their current work; (2) aspects of resilience should be introduced to building projects and processes in their early stages; (3) all key aspects of resilience cannot be introduced by one profession; (4) interdisciplinary committee work and resulting information products by the Finnish Building Information Foundation provide a feasible opportunity for collaboration and integration of resilience to Finnish building projects and processes. This study highlights the need for dynamic built environment professionals’ engagement.
40-9961
green growth. Korea’s environmental policy. network analysis. policy documents. Sustainability.
It is crucial to observe how international policy initiatives are implemented in each country’s environmental policies to ensure global environmental conservation and sustainable development. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the trend of environmental policy in Korea over time. To this aim, we use semantic network analysis to explore the main keywords and to identify the characteristics of the key themes in each period based on the national environmental comprehensive plan. Our results show that the value of economic growth and technological development are regarded as priorities in Korean environmental policy because the economy and technology are closely related to the environment. Similarly, when it comes to the fundamental concept of environmental policy, the concept of “green growth” is applied in preference to the concept of “sustainability.” The results contribute to expanding the approach of existing policy research by providing the potential for semantic network analysis based on policy documents.
40-9962
Fishermen livelihood. lagoon tourism. propensity score matching. sustainable development. Vietnam.
Tourism development is an oft-touted strategy to enhance the livelihoods of local residents and reduce their dependence on resources. This study explores the determinants of lagoon fishermen’s participation in tourism-related activities and evaluates whether tourism is an alternative livelihood option for Th?a Thiên Hu? Province, Vietnam. We employed propensity score matching to analyze the survey data from 265 households in the coastal area of the lagoon. Our study indicates that tourism cannot provide a sustainable livelihood for local residents if the locals forego their traditional livelihood practices and completely transform the region into a tourist attraction, even though it can contribute to increasing household income. Other factors, such as low levels of education and larger travel distances between the lagoons and existing tourist areas, are the primary barriers to fishermen participation in tourism. Finally, we analyzed the related policy and managerial implications to improve tourism and diversify the locals’ livelihoods.
40-9963
asset based community development. CBT Thailand. Community-based tourism (CBT). stakeholder. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
Community-based tourism (CBT) promotes a model for enhancing communities’ social, environmental, and economic needs upheld as a post-Covid-19 revival strategy. This study aimed to critically review the model following longitudinal fieldwork in Thailand. “Reflection-in-action” methodology exposes CBT failings against sustainable development goals (SDGs). CBT falsely assumes: communities possess necessary capability for effective implementation; structural equity exists among host, and hosts possess uninhibited local control over their tourism assets. Such expositions underpin the study’s contributions: a supply-side focus on “community outputs” rather than the demand-side “expectations” of tourists; contradictions to known asset-based development assumptions; and theoretical extension to the CBT literature through critique to onsite experiences against sustainable development goals. Such may assist communities to move beyond their current “constraints” focus to that of “contextual experts” in local community assets. The study demonstrates a need for research, practice, and policy stakeholders to move CBT beyond theorization to a genuine sustainability tool.
40-9964
Bibliometric analysis. climate change. community development. sustainability. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
While the body of literature addressing community development and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is expanding, a comprehensive analysis of its evolving trends and development is currently lacking. This research aims to bridge this knowledge gap by providing a multifaceted bibliometric overview of the literature on community development and SDGs. To analyze the nexus, we utilized a dataset of 5713 publications. The study is divided into two parts: the first part reflects on the initial response to the introduction of the SDGs as a new global development framework by the United Nations (UN) from 2015 to 2019; the second part focuses on the developments and responses from 2019 to 2023. The analysis revealed sustained prominence of keywords “sustainable development goals,” “sustainability,” “climate change,” and “community.” The research identified significant subject domains, showcasing the imperative of sustainable energy, the link between well-being and community progress, and the growing recognition of community resilience.
40-9965
Academic entrepreneurship. sustainable entrepreneurship. sustainable university. universal design.
There is a wealth of literature on the relationship between the university and sustainability, but research is still lacking in terms of activating and enhancing its efficiency. Through a literature review, identifying research papers, and conducting an in-depth content analysis of 34 papers, the relationships between the university, sustainability, and academic entrepreneurship were established. Furthermore, a distinction was made between hard and soft research activities, along with the mechanisms that need to be generated within the university to facilitate development. Various types of academic entrepreneurship related to sustainability were identified. Based on the findings, a model is proposed to enhance the dynamism and effectiveness of sustainable academic entrepreneurship in universities. A research agenda is also proposed.
40-9966
community innovation. entrepreneurial development. Everyday Sociology. ingenuity. organizational culture.
Entrepreneurship and innovation are key inputs to the revitalization and sustainability of rural communities and economies. While compelling, entrepreneurial community development models heavily favor new venture start-up activities and largely overlook the needs and potential of existing enterprises. Drawing on principles of everyday life sociology and organizational culture, we explored how a sample of Southeastern Arizona ranchers confront persistent challenges by way of their daily routines, practices, and interactions. Data were collected through extensive field work involving nearly 100 hours of direct observation and semi-structured interviews with 14 participants across four ranches. The findings show the innovative characteristics of the ranchers’ everyday practices and routines and illustrate how everyday ingenuity among the ranchers drives a problem-driven mindset and immediate, short-term action. We use the insights generated to conceptualize a temporal dynamic that if integrated with entrepreneurial community development models may better foster and support innovation within existing enterprises.
40-9967
community innovation. cultural preservation. Eco-tourism. Environmental impacts. Sustainability. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
Himalayan destinations, rich in natural and cultural wealth, are increasingly vulnerable to ecological degradation due to unregulated tourism growth. This research examines community-driven ecotourism (CDE) as a model to reconcile economic imperatives with environmental stewardship in Ladakh, a region facing rapid tourism expansion and ecological fragility. Using a qualitative case study approach, the study draws on semi-structured interviews with 22 stakeholders, including community leaders, tourism entrepreneurs, environmental experts, and hospitality managers. Thematic analysis reveals the interplay between local engagement, cultural preservation, and ecological resilience. Key findings introduce a strategic framework that supports cultural and environmental sustainability while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 12, and 15. Community-managed homestays, wildlife tours, and heritage conservation emerge as key mechanisms for fostering local livelihoods and preserving heritage. However, challenges such as infrastructure deficits, capacity gaps, and insufficient policy coherence limit the broader impact of these initiatives. This study underscores the importance of local community participation in shaping resilient tourism practices and offers recommendations to bridge policy and practice. The research positions Ladakh as a model for sustainable tourism in the Himalayas, emphasizing the symbiosis between cultural identity and environmental integrity.
40-9968
business sustainability. green supply chain management practices. Palestine. small- and medium-sized enterprises. Total quality management.
The practices of manufacturing organizations contribute massively to the increasing deterioration of the environment in developing countries. However, there is data paucity and limited studies on how manufacturing organizations could tackle this problem. This study aimed to examine the explanatory link of green supply chain management practices (GSCMPs) between total quality management (TQM) and business sustainability (BS) in Palestinian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A total of 287 manufacturing SME’s owners, top managers and legal representatives participated in the study, and the survey instrument was analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results revealed that TQM had a positive influence on GSCMPs and BS. Furthermore, GSCMPs plays a mediating role between TQM and BS. Based on these findings and from the perspective of a developing country, a research model involving the assessment of both individual and combined influence of TQM and GSCMPs on BS was proposed. In this study, TQM was modeled as an antecedent of GSCMPs, which has rarely been investigated in the developing country context. Hence, adding to the body of knowledge and advocation to tackle environmental challenges in developing countries.
33. Physical Elements of Planning
33-1 INFRASTRUCTURE/COMMUNITY FACILITIES
40-9771
Department of Defense (DoD). Emergency Departments (ED). emergency room. inpatient. outpatient. programming. Space planning.
Medical healthcare planners need to align outpatient and inpatient design factors that affect hospital space allocation. The Emergency Departments (ED) design must be congruent with the inpatient platform design to limit bottlenecking of patient admissions. However, limited research deciphers the impact of unscheduled ED admissions and the effects on inpatient bed capacity to ensure facility capability. The current study utilizes a case study by comparing the use of space planning criteria of the Department of Defense (DoD) with similar Private healthcare organization departmental metrics to inform space allocation. This study established the significance of unscheduled ED visits metric on inpatient space allocation. Bed capacity was calculated by outlining specific metrics; namely: population at risk, Average Daily Patient Load (ADPL), Average Length of Stay (ALOS), Average Annual Workload, Annual Admissions, and Occupancy Rate that are necessary for the right-sized inpatient hospital designs with a trauma mission. By analyzing existing research, identifying key metrics, highlighting capacity gaps, and showcasing real-world impacts via a case study pilot model. Valuable insights and benefits allow medical planners and administrators to assess and incorporate unscheduled visits as a key factor that influences appropriate hospital facility sizing and resource allocation.
40-9772
Cittaslow. Local community. tourism Cittaslow. tourism platforms.
One of the biggest problems that can be experienced in regions where the locals do not support tourism is that tourists visiting that place will inevitably interact with the locals. Tourism development cannot possibly achieve long-term success in regions where the local community has views that are not taken into consideration and do not participate in tourism. This study attempts to determine the perceptions of the local community living in Mugla Akyaka toward tourism in terms of its support for tourism. In this context, surveys have been applied to 397 local residents of Akyaka. As a result the study has determined the perceptions of Akyaka’s local community toward tourism development to generally be positive and a meaningful relationship to exist for the local community’s perceptions toward the positive economic effects of tourism with the positive socio-cultural effects (cultural interactions) of tourism and the personal benefits of tourism development.
40-9969
Cameroon. community wellbeing. infrastructure. partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Infrastructure development’s contribution to community wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is largely unknown. Existing scholarship over-represents externally funded projects, sidelining micro-level initiatives. Empirical studies hardly apply Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approaches that estimate wellbeing as a composite function of infrastructure development. We review the topical literature on infrastructure development and community wellbeing in SSA. We find positive effects of infrastructure development on community wellbeing in SSA. SEM was not applied in any reviewed case study. We then use the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS – SEM) to assess the impacts of multiple micro-level infrastructure projects on community wellbeing in Cameroon. All four examined micro-projects had positive effects on community wellbeing. However, only the effects of two projects (hospitals and schools) were statistically significant. The study recommends more SEM-based studies as prerequisite to disentangling composite wellbeing benefits of infrastructure development in SSA, with cost efficiency and outcome-optimizing implications.
40-9970
Bangladesh. community capital framework. Indigenous cultural landscape. Indigenous cultural landscape. Tourism development.
This study provides novel insights into the indigenous Jumma peoples’ experiences of tourism development in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and their views on its role in fostering post-conflict reconciliation. Through engagements with those directly employed in the industry, this study applies the Community Capitals Framework to identify holistic community changes through tourism development. The findings reveal that tourism has contributed positively to the development of human, social, and cultural capital, and has partially supported reconciliation between some indigenous and non-indigenous groups. However, the absence of political capital continued to serve as a major impediment to progress as many communities remain absent from development discourse. Moreover, the growth in natural capital presented paradoxical issues that amplified local fears surrounding the government’s pursuit of indigenous land. Consequently, this study identifies several key issues that must be urgently addressed so that tourism development benefits the Jumma people in a just and inclusive manner.
40-9971
alternative food network. community-building. Food sharing. Grow Free network. organic gardening. permaculture.
Grow Free, a grassroots social initiative, emerged in South Australia in 2013. Grow Free advocates for the sharing and exchange of free seeds, seedlings, fruits, and vegetables among neighbors. The number of Grow Free participants grew to about 230 throughout South Australia as of 2022. This article explores the agri-social characteristics of Grow Free participants, drawing on 50 postal survey respondents and 17 semi-structured phone interviews. This study finds that diverse non-governmental organizations in addition to residential households are actively participating in the Grow Free network, including community gardens and community centers. Moreover, many household-type Grow Free participants are linked to an array of other grassroots social initiatives including Permaculture South Australia and Trees for Life. The study notes that Grow Free along with other alternative food networks has facilitated collaborative food production and consumption at a local scale. Through grassroots organizational mechanisms, Grow Free participants have been committed to fostering community building and resilience through food sharing.
33-2 LAND USE/SITE PLANNING STANDARDS
40-9773
collaborative planning. discursive space. geovisualizations. participatory process. Three Dimensional visualization. Three Dimensional model.
Our article discusses the use of 3D geovisualizations in participatory planning in Finnish municipalities. The data from a survey and interviews among the municipality-level planners is analyzed from the perspectives of three discursive spaces: representational, experiential, and institutional. Our study shows that 3D geovisualizations are regarded as attractive tools, but their usage is sporadic, and the benefits are mostly evaluated on the basis of technical and representational qualities. Rather than increasing the role of citizens in planning, the new technologies partially reinforce the role of planners, albeit entailing the potential to support interaction with citizens.
40-9774
commercial space. livelihoods. new town planning. Polanyi. self-containment.
This study explores the relationship between commercial spaces and self-containment in new town development. Drawing on Polanyi’s livelihood concept, it introduces a novel framework to examine the livelihood function of commercial spaces in job creation and living cost reduction. With Tin Shui Wai (Hong Kong) as the case, this study reveals how unchecked market over-expansion can undermine self-containment by neglecting the livelihood function of commercial space. The findings underscore the need for community-driven initiatives and government intervention to address livelihood challenges. This article advances new town planning by examining commercial spaces and offering policy recommendations to tackle similar urban challenges.
40-9972
comparative approach. Google Earth Engine (GEE). land-use/land-cover change. Machine Learning. Mapping. spatial uncertainty analysis. Urmia lake basin.
With the recent advances in earth observation technologies, the increasing availability of data from more and more different satellite sensors as well as progress in semi-automated and automated classification techniques enable the (semi-) automated remote monitoring and analysis of large areas. Online platforms such as Google Earth Engine (GEE) bring data-driven techniques to the desktops of researchers while changing workflows and making excessive data downloads redundant. We present a study that utilizes machine learning algorithms on the GEE cloud computing platform for land use/land cover (LULC) mapping and change detection analysis using a Landsat satellite image time series. We applied different machine learning techniques to data from an environmentally sensitive area in Northern Iran. We tested their efficiency for LULC mapping and change detection analysis using the support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and classification and regression tree (CART). We obtained LULC maps for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. Training data was collected from field operations and historical datasets, and the respective LULC maps were validated using ground control points. In addition, we validated the reliability of the results through a spatial uncertainty analysis using Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST). The resulting accuracies of the classification outcomes varied significantly. SVM performed best with accuracies of 90.25%, 91.84%, 89.02%, 93.35% and 95.65% for 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, respectively. The spatial uncertainty analysis also validated the efficiency of SVM compared to RF and CART. The results confirm the potential of machine learning techniques for time series LULC mapping on the GEE platform while lowering the barriers to analyzing large amounts of satellite data. The results are also critical for decision-makers and authorities for analyzing the LULC changes and developing the respective environmental protection and polices in Northern Iran.
40-9973
Affordable housing. density bonusing. equitable development. Land value capture.
Although land value capture (LVC) mechanisms are often advanced as a method to achieve more equitable development, critical scholars argue that LVC tools (e.g., density bonusing) actually serve to (re)produce inequality. Based on a mixed methods approach, I evaluate the effectiveness of using a density bonusing approach (1988–2018) to generate affordable housing in Toronto. In so doing, this paper critically examines whether LVC tools helped advance equitable outcomes. While the approach generated a relatively few affordable units, it was more successful at securing funding for affordable housing. In the end, density bonusing facilitated the large-scale production of market-rate condominium units.
40-9974
conflicts. land management. land use. local governance. planning. typologies.
With immensely growing pressure on land and its scarcity, conflicting societal expectations concerning land use increasingly result in land use conflicts (LUCs). In this paper, we explore local LUCs, which we define as the complex situations, where fragmented planning policies encounter place-based societal conceptions and perceptions of site-specific developmental priorities. The paper adopts a dynamic approach and introduces a theory-driven typology of potentially conflicting planning decisions. The typology is employed as an analytic framework to reveal the open-ended successive planning decisions that lead to complex local LUCs. Two case studies from Central Europe are explored to narrate the evolutionary complexity of LUCs. Our results show that local LUCs emerged as the past planning decisions lined-up into a sequence creating lock-in situations, where different planning policies can be hardly reconciled. Finally, we discuss applicability, transferability and limits of the proposed typology as an analytic framework advancing management of planning conflicts.
33-3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
40-9775
collaborative planning theory. community development. Early childhood education. network analysis. rural.
Rural communities are challenged to provide early childhood education and care due to low population density, sometimes lengthy or complex travel, and fluctuations in seasonal activity. Opportunities exist for stable partners, like schools, to anchor early childhood supports. Collaborative planning theory is used to explore a provincial capacity-building initiative (Success by 6) that provided local funding for a two-year rural early childhood outreach project, the WoW Bus project. The analysis shows that while community partners were enthusiastic and there was consistent family engagement, there were also tensions between collaboration and hierarchical responsibilities that ultimately undermined project sustainability. The collaborative planning theory lens, applied here to a social planning initiative, helped elucidate the need for legitimating accountability for outreach and diverse engagement. In sum, while schools provide an under-explored opportunity to anchor rural innovation in early childhood supports, a shift in funder accountabilities is needed.
33-4 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
40-9776
geospatial. humanitarian forensic action. humanitarian geographic information science (HGISci). migrant deaths at the Texas–Mexico border. transdisciplinary.
This article introduces the theoretical principles and methodological toolkit for implementing humanitarian geographic information science (HGISci), a transdisciplinary approach that leverages spatial analytical perspectives and tools to inform humanitarian forensic action. Drawing from the work of geographers, GIScientists, and forensic anthropologists, HGISci supports research and action that is attentive to power structures, the relationships people have with places of violence or postconflict, and the role of geospatial technologies such as GIS. Using a case study from our long-standing research on migrant deaths along the Texas–Mexico border, this article presents three examples to demonstrate how HGISci operates in practice through various empirical techniques that examine both qualitative and quantitative information. We conclude by highlighting the value of juxtaposing qualitative and quantitative data, how these approaches inform one another, and the importance of addressing power relations.
40-9777
contiguous United States. damage. decision-making process. geographic information systems (GIS). local storms. spatiotemporal analysis.
Severe local storms are most frequently the cause of billion-dollar disasters across the United States. Understanding where storm-related hazards have historically caused the most damage and examining spatial damage trends in relation to shifts in physical hazards and climate is crucial for planning, mitigation, and decision-making. This study investigates spatial and temporal variations in direct property losses from four storm-related hazards—hail, wind, tornado, and lightning—at the county level across the contiguous United States from 1990 to 2019. We propose a geographic information system–based spatial-temporal approach for analyzing these trends while addressing biases in the loss data. Additionally, this study correlates a thirty-year series of annual damage with hazard frequency to determine if changes in damage correspond with shifts in physical hazards. Key findings indicate significant damage clusters over the Great Plains and the Lower Mississippi River Valley during this period. Spatially varying damage trends have been pronounced across all four hazards. The Lower Mississippi River Valley has seen increased damage from wind, tornadoes, and lightning, and the Plains have shifted from elongated damage hot spots to smaller, clustered hot spots. The relationship between changes in loss and hazard occurrences varied across different regions and hazard types, suggesting the localized interactions between hazards and society. This work aims to enhance understanding of the interplay between storm-related hazards and societal impacts, improve targeted hazard mitigation, and promote better risk reduction behaviors. This work further demonstrates how leveraging spatiotemporal approaches can address challenges in hazards and disaster research.
40-9975
collaborative planning. local knowledge. local spatial knowledge. Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS). stakeholder.
Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) is an empowering tool for the enhancement of local communities’ participation in the planning and management of natural resources. The inadequate involvement of local stakeholders in rangeland planning and management has been of great concern. Discussions on the role of PGIS and collaborative management approaches in promoting local involvement in rangeland management has not been clearly understood due to the scarcity of literature. This paper assessed how local participation in rangeland management can be enhanced using a combined collaborative management framework and PGIS approach. The objective was achieved through a focus group discussion, local ecological knowledge mapping and key informant interviews. The combined PGIS and collaborative management approach enabled the empowerment of local actors through knowledge enhancement, encouraged the practice of rangeland governance and the transfer of responsibility to local actors. This study provides a conceptual contribution toward the improvement of local actors’ participation in rangeland management.
33-5 RECREATION/OPEN SPACE PLANNING
40-9778
bi-directional links. left-behind places. municipalities. Portugal. semi-urban municipalities. spatial econometric models. Urban–rural links.
During the last few decades, the gap between the most prosperous metropolitan areas and the rural areas has widened, especially since the 2008 crisis. This gap has been particularly relevant in relation to population and employment. However, the bi-directional links in terms of population and employment between rural places and the most urbanized areas have been partly overlooked by the literature. At the same time, recent studies have brought the plight of “left-behind” areas to the forefront, highlighting rural as well as other types of “left-behind” places as focal points of discontent. In the context of the debate on left-behind areas, and in an attempt to address the decline in population and employment that they are experiencing, this article proposes a strategy based on the spatial interactions among the different types of territories. Specifically, we develop a spatial econometric model capable of testing all interactions among different territorial typologies based on their degree of urbanization. We apply the model to 278 continental municipalities in Portugal during the period 2010–8. The model estimates have implications for understanding the dynamics of territorial interactions in Portugal, highlighting the crucial role of semi-urban municipalities. The results reveal the positive and significant connections between change in employment in semi-urban municipalities and population change in both neighboring rural and urban municipalities. The findings suggest that semi-urban/rural diffusion should be promoted as a policy approach to left-behind rural places in Portugal.
40-9779
circularity of resources. low-impact material. recycle from waste. sustainable constructions. Thermal insulation.
The demand for green insulation materials is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years as the building sector moves towards carbon neutrality. Waste-based thermal insulation materials offer a promising area of research that aims to make a significant contribution to energy and resource efficiency while helping the building sector achieve sustainability targets. However, despite the growing interest of researchers, proposed waste-based thermal insulation products are still mostly at an experimental research level, far from ready for the construction market. The study investigates the potential availability of waste materials for use in thermal insulation products, focusing on the Italian context. The objective is to identify available quantities of waste suitable for use in or as insulation products and the possible barriers to their widespread adoption in the construction industry. The methodology starts with an international literature review, followed by an analysis of national waste statistics to verify quantities, and production and/or collection points for each waste. As a result, more than 20 materials are identified as promising for market uptake. The materials are mostly based on early-stage research, thus a lack of comprehensive analysis regarding their performances limits their application in building renovation and highlights the need for further research.
40-9780
co-assessment. mobile application. participatory methods. Urban open space. YouWalk-UOS.
This paper introduces a novel approach to evaluating urban open spaces (UOS) by developing a mobile application, YouWalk-UOS. Overcoming current limitations and the need for integrating digital technologies and participatory methods into UOS assessment processes, the study establishes a comprehensive framework addressing functional, social, and perceptual dimensions with 36 identified aspects. The framework and the mobile application are tested at Grey’s Monument in Newcastle, England, revealing its potential to capture a thorough perspective of UOS. The findings suggest that mobile technology can revolutionize urban space assessment, emphasizing the value of user-contributed data for various stakeholders, including designers, educators, and policymakers.
40-9976
distributive justice. interactional justice. planning and design practice. procedural justice. Recreational spaces.
Recreational spaces like parks and playgrounds play a vital role in community development. They serve as avenues for important experiences like physical activity, social interaction, and shared cultural expressions. However, BPoC (Black Person, and Person of Color) communities face disparate unjust environmental barriers to utilizing such spaces. Yet not much is known about how BPoC professionals in dedicated professional associations, could address such barriers through the pursuit of environmental justice when planning and designing recreational spaces. This study aims to address this lacuna in research. Findings from in-depth interviews demonstrate that in the design and planning of spaces for recreation, BPoC design professionals drew on their lived experiences from community history and personal encounters to: (1) foster opportunities for participation in design and planning processes (procedural justice), (2) address location-related concerns pertaining to systemic strains in resource allocation (distributive justice), and (3) integrate features that support socio-cultural relationships (interactional justice).
40-9977
atmosphere. control. place. privacy. recovery.
The design literature proposes frameworks for building and renovating rehabilitation and recovery facilities that promote wellbeing; however, little attention has been given to temporarily inhabited interiors that provide similar services. The story of two spaces hosting Recovery Café support groups is presented to highlight the importance of place, atmosphere, and control in promoting dignity, empowerment, and self-worth in recovery support settings that operate in borrowed spaces. One space was outfitted with the café in mind, and the other was simply inhabited and dressed for the occasion. Participant observations in both spaces indicated that furniture, fixtures, and displays within a given spatial envelope may impact psychological and social wellbeing by offering self-expression and means to regulate social interactions. Inhabiting a space that restricts participation in the environment poses problems related to belonging and trust. Additionally, places imbued with memory and meaning were potential obstacles in long-term recovery journeys, suggesting that the location of recovery services should be carefully selected.
34. Transportation and Communication
34-1 TRANSPORTATION POLICY
40-9781
hedonic models. multimodal accessibility. spatial econometrics. transit-oriented development. transport accessibility.
Although the transportation accessibility benefits afforded by multiple transportation modes play a fundamental role in determining transportation costs and land prices, there are challenges associated with isolating how multimodal accessibility benefits are capitalized into property values. In response, this research extends calibrated gravity-based measures of potential accessibility to employment by car and transit to include mode share proportions for commuting to reflect how this accessibility potential is realized. These realized accessibility measures capture not only the presence but also the performance of different modes for facilitating commuting trips. Spatial econometric models examine the extent to which access is capitalized into property values across Canada’s twelve largest metropolitan regions. Results suggest that car and transit access potential is generally valued across most cities, although there is evidence of moderate multicollinearity between the unweighted car and transit access potential scores. In contrast, the origin and destination mode use weighted measures of realized access offer advantages in terms of model performance and interpretation. These models show that premiums are generally linked with trade-offs between car and transit access, with the highest overall premiums found for properties in locations with the highest levels of transit access and transit use for commuting in most cities.
34-2 TRANSPORTATION MODELING
40-9782
activity spaces. big data. migrants. nonlinear relationship. socio-contextual exposure. sociospatial segregation. urban China.
Sociospatial segregation has long been a critical subject in urban studies. In recent decades, increasing attention has been given to the segregation experienced in activity spaces beyond the well-examined residential locations. A large body of studies revealed that disadvantaged groups (e.g., low-income migrants) can access more opportunities for cross-group interaction by engaging in activities outside of their residential areas. This study extends this body of research by examining whether individuals have to travel a certain distance before their activity-space exposure noticeably increases (i.e., gaining more opportunities for cross-group interaction), with a focus on low-income migrants in Shenzhen, China. Through analyzing the nonlinear relationship between travel distance and activity-space exposure using cellphone data and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) models, the study not only confirms the possibility of increased interactions in activity spaces, but also reveals that low-income migrants must travel a threshold distance before their activity-space exposure significantly increases. For central-city migrants, this threshold is 2 km for work activities or 3 km for nonwork activities, whereas suburban migrants must travel at least 9 km for work activities or 8 km for nonwork activities. These results highlight disparities between urban locations: Central-city areas offer shorter distance opportunities for diverse social interactions due to higher population density and proximity to urban amenities, whereas suburban areas necessitate longer travel due to lower land-use density and limited local opportunities. The study contributes to the growing literature on activity-space segregation by identifying a specific condition (i.e., travel distance threshold) required for meaningful social exposure.
34-3 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
40-9978
Community-based tourism (CBT). empowerment. Formal tourism institutions. stakeholder engagement. sustainable tourism development.
Community-based tourism (CBT) shows promise for facilitating community empowerment, which may be enhanced when CBT enterprises are coupled with formal tourism institutions. Still, there is limited research on the role formal tourism institutions play in promoting resident participation in CBT development. This qualitative case study utilized content analysis of semi-structured interviews, archival documents, and data reporting on CBT initiatives in the communities of Stellenbosch Central, Kayamandi, Cloetesville, Kylemore, and Pniel. Results revealed that the formal tourism institution, Visit Stellenbosch was effectively brokering power between residents and CBT enterprises by: 1) providing access to municipal funding; 2) providing skills development, mentorship, and business support; 3) creating social networks, and; 4) creating invited spaces for participation. However, CBT development in Stellenbosch was characterized by complex power relationships. Nonparticipation due to geographic marginalization and signs of tokenism in resident participation in CBT development presented challenges to resident empowerment.
40-9979
community development. Community-based tourism (CBT). Rural Vietnam. Social Vocation of Territory (SVT) framework. Vietnam.
Guided by the Social Vocation of Territory (SVT) framework, this research delves into the challenges encountered by Community-Based Tourism (CBT) initiatives in Vietnam, using Quang village as a focal point. Conducted through two fieldwork expeditions spanning 2019 to 2022, the study unveils key hurdles, including elite capture, social exclusion, disruption of community solidarity, and an increased burden on rural women. Aligned with the SVT framework, these findings emphasize the potential risk of undermining social cohesion when tourism overlooks local realities and norms. This research underscores the significance of adopting a community development perspective, offering insights to assess tourism’s impact on the social fabric. The current work advocates for implementing flexible, context-conscious CBT approaches grounded in a realistic understanding of local sociocultural dynamics.
34-4 AIR/RAILOAD/WATER
40-9783
breeze. breeze. Natural ventilation. residential sector. thermal comfort. usage pattern.
Natural ventilation is a default conditioning strategy in the Brazilian residential sector, while fans and air conditioners are complementary strategies. However, climate change and the increasing air conditioning penetration in this sector threaten the prevalence of natural ventilation and the potential wind-driven (breeze) performance on households’ thermal comfort. A questionnaire survey launched across Brazil assessed multiple aspects of natural ventilation at home: perceptions, usage patterns and motivations behind its use or avoidance. Data analysis methods were multinomial logistic regression and contingency tables of categorical data. The findings indicated that households’ preference for a conditioning strategy related to income and energy-saving concerns (economic aspects). The frequency of use of natural ventilation showed a decreasing trend towards the higher income level and preference for air conditioning. In contrast, the frequency of use of natural ventilation tended to increase as households considered it more positively. Moreover, participants who preferred to use natural ventilation at home expressed less dissatisfaction with the oscillation and unpredictability of the breeze from natural ventilation. The survey outcomes highlight the benefits of a favourable scenario for natural ventilation at home, potentially impacting households’ preferences and routines.
34-8 PARKING/TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
40-9784
housing allowances. land use. minimum parking requirements (MPRs). multifamily developments. parking minimums. small and medium multifamily.
Like other US cities, Los Angeles faces a housing crisis, with sale and rental prices exceeding the national average. We used data on property characteristics and zoning status to examine properties zoned for multifamily use in the city of Los Angeles, particularly those not building to their legally permitted maximum number of units, to determine whether those properties were capable of reaching this level of development. Our study reveals a 400,000-unit unbuilt allowable housing gap, predominantly in properties over 50 years old. We analyzed the properties as-built and developed scenarios under which they were built to their legal maximums, and found evidence that regulatory limits, mainly minimum parking requirements (MPRs), inhibit full development of these properties. However, there are also a large number of additional allowable units in buildings that do not face regulatory constraints. Our analysis of the upzoning Transit-Oriented Communities policy reveals that while zoning changes allow for more multifamily developments, many eligible properties still face regulatory hurdles. Our research shows that a core strategy for improving the Los Angeles area housing shortages should be policies to facilitate older properties redeveloping or adding units.
34-9 PEDESTRIANS/BICYCLES
40-9785
data analysis. Istiklal Street. Pedestrian movement. Urban design. urban form.
This study adopts both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse pedestrian movement along Istanbul’s Istiklal Street. The aim is to uncover the complex relationship between pedestrian dynamics and urban design elements, emphasizing spatial and temporal factors. The findings indicate that movement patterns are influenced by different sections of the street based on design, utility, and pedestrian attributes. The study identifies collective behavioural trends shaped by the physical environment, land use and interpersonal interactions. The research highlights the need for a comprehensive three-dimensional approach that is critical for guiding pedestrian-centred and human-scale urban design decisions, considering social-spatial, function-design, and quantitative-qualitative aspects.
35. Architecture and Urban Design
35-1 URBAN DESIGN
40-9786
capacity building. Community based organizations. grassroots development. leadership. social learning.
While much has been written about the curricular content and outcomes of capacity-building programs in community development, we know less about how theories of learning inform program design. This article presents a descriptive case study of the Chicago Peace Fellows, a capacity-building program for community leaders that was guided by a community of practice approach to learning. The case highlights four priorities to guide design of the tools, spaces, activities, and social arrangements of capacity building: 1) nurture participants’ identification as members of a community of practice; 2) offer participants opportunities to jointly negotiate meaning and expand their knowledgeability; 3) provide avenues for communities to persist and expand; and 4) commit to equity. The analysis describes how each priority was enacted in the Chicago Peace Fellows program and how participants responded, with an aim to provide useful guidance for designers of capacity-building programs.
40-9787
China. climate governance. environmental sustainability. low-carbon city. megaprojects. urban experimentation.
This paper interrogates the relationship between conventional planning and the emerging practice of urban experimentation through the lens of megaprojects. Focused on a low-carbon city project in Shenzhen, China, it illustrates how the project’s large spatial-temporal scale facilitates a process of in-situ upscaling of planning innovation. This process involves iteratively trialing and refining novel practices through spatial demarcation and temporal phasing. This mutual constitution of megaprojects and experimentation highlights an urgent need to incorporate spatial and scale perspectives into studying and practicing urban experiments. This paper also highlights the re-negotiated planning paradox between control and flexibility under the experimental paradigm.
40-9788
crowd behaviour. evacuation. optimization. safety. simulation. Urban design.
The paper describes research that addresses the issue of evacuation after a disaster event concerning the optimization of urban shape through the combination of simulations and safety-based urban design techniques. The methodology covers the following steps: the setting up of the knowledge system, the realization of software for the simulation of crowd behaviour, the choice of the case study, the application of software to the assessment of alternative safety-based scenarios. The main results demonstrate the great utility of software simulation tools combined with the application of urban design techniques, aimed at improving urban contexts and their structural resilience.
40-9789
deep learning. monotony. perceptions. similarity method. street view image. Urban design.
Despite the wide availability of street-view data and advanced computational techniques, the topic of perceived visual similarity in urban design has received little attention. The impact of visual sameness on the loss of urban identity and its effect on individuals’ health has been widely debated. However, empirical evidence to support these arguments has been limited. This study proposes a set of tools to measure similarity in urban neighbourhoods. It utilizes Street view images and DL models such as semantic segmentation and generative inpainting for image enhancement and refinement. It further employs the LPIPS, a DL-based metric that computes image-based perceptual similarity.
35-3 VISUAL FORM
40-9790
geographic information systems (GIS). Machine Learning. safety perception. street view. urban environment. visual perceived safety (VPS).
Although the influence of the built environment on both crime and people’s safety perceptions is well documented in the international literature, less evidence is found regarding the link between urban safety perceptions and crime occurrence. In this article, we investigate the potential relationship between crime and visual perceived safety (VPS), using Stockholm, Sweden as a case. Central to the study is the VPS score, a detailed measure of VPS and situational fear, created by combining a deep learning model with a data set of local street view images and citizen impressions. We examine this measure together with traditional crime records to compare the city’s distribution of safety and crime. First, geographical patterns and spatial clusters of high and low levels of crime and VPS were detected. Then, drawing from principles of environmental criminology, a spatial regression was used to examine the relationship between the VPS score and crime, controlling for sociodemographics and land-use factors. Findings show that crime rates of different types are significant predictors of poor VPS, but mismatching geographies of perceived safety and crime are common. The article discusses the findings and finishes by highlighting the impact of these results for research and practice.
35-4 HISTORY AND DESIGN
40-9791
collection care. COVID-19 lockdown. extended in situ monitoring. indoor comfort. Indoor Environment Quality. Museums.
Monitoring the quality of the indoor environment is a practice commonly adopted by museums as part of operational risk management. Recorded environmental data are often used to assess the safety of the indoor environment for artefacts, and their suitability for visitors’ comfort. Previous studies reported monitoring campaigns assessing the performance of museums and level of compliance with regulatory standards. These analyses were typically conducted in normal circumstances assessing indoor microclimate quality under normal operating procedures. Museum closures during the 2020 pandemic and the global lockdown measures, introduced by governments, presented the heritage sector with an unprecedented situation with empty galleries where collections, in several museums, were held ‘dormant’ in free-running environments. Assessing the indoor environment in such exceptional circumstances offers a unique insight into the performance of these heritage repositories in other unpredicted situations and potential opportunities for microclimate optimization. This paper reports the results of an extended pre and post-pandemic monitoring that was performed in a historic museum in Northwest England. It contributes to the ongoing universal debate about the application of standardized strict environmental guidelines and the shift towards more contextualized standards in museums in the face of the decline in heritage funding and the pledges for carbon reductions.
35-5 DESIGN METHODS
40-9792
cost-effectiveness. Indoor Environment Quality. occupant satisfaction. occupant survey system. occupants. office buildings.
User satisfaction surveys play a crucial role in assessing Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). Yet, existing databases predominantly reflect data from developed countries, limiting applicability to culturally and climatically diverse regions. This study emphasizes the relevance of evaluating IEQ satisfaction in office buildings by proposing a standardized, open-access occupant survey system (OSS) for global application. User satisfaction surveys were selected as references from literature for screening and content analysis. The proposed OSS features a two-part survey that triggers detailed questions based on reported IEQ domain-related discomfort frequency. Evaluation process to ensure survey validity incorporated feedback from experts and laypersons. Additionally, a broader application was carried out with 115 office employees. Results identified prevalent issues such as acoustic and thermal discomfort, varying between open-plan and private office layouts. Participants’ responses also showed a significant link between IEQ satisfaction and time spent at the workstation. Overall, the OSS demonstrates its potential as a cost-effective instrument to provide a comprehensive IEQ diagnostic based on occupants’ perceptions. Future iterations should integrate concurrent building measurements to enhance evaluation precision and broaden the applicability of the survey tool across diverse environmental and cultural contexts.
40-9793
eye tracking. immersive virtual environment. landscape. Neuroarchitecture. performance anxiety. window size.
Performing music can be an enjoyable activity or a source of anxiety and discomfort. Previous studies suggest that it is possible to create spaces that promote well-being by applying knowledge from neuroscience to architectural design. However, this application remains unexplored in the context of music practice spaces. In this study, a virtual replica of a real conservatoire classroom was used to investigate the effect of window size and views through windows on the perception of the built environment. A sample of 61 musicians was recruited, and through questionnaires and eye tracking, participants’ responses to environmental changes while playing their instruments were studied. The results of the experiment indicated a clear preference for larger windows, which significantly contributed to a more positive environment, perceived as more open, light, inviting, calming and spacious. In addition, eye tracking data suggested a reduction in anxiety levels, as evidenced by reduced gaze velocity and saccade ratios. These results demonstrate that windows and related variables such as daylight and views can have a significant impact on the experience of musicians during solo performance. This highlights the need to re-evaluate design considerations in music practice spaces, emphasising the crucial role of environmental elements in enhancing musicians’ well-being.
40-9794
co-design. combi-office. office design. work environment. Workplace design. workplace satisfaction.
Addressing work environment design methods has become increasingly important due to pandemic-induced changes in the ways and locations of work. This research addresses work environment design through a theory-informed workplace design framework to study the co-design process, the impact of spatial atmosphere on workplace experience and satisfaction, and infrequently studied spaces, i.e. meeting rooms and breakout areas. This case study is based on co-design methods, a workplace design intervention study and its evaluation. Comprehensive design is addressed through analytical dimensions of design, i.e. instrumental, symbolic, aesthetic and perceived dimensions of atmosphere and affordances. Furthermore, the spatial experience is explored through need-supply fit theory and workplace satisfaction. The pre-design results showed that employees have distinct design preferences based on perceived and analytical dimensions for technical, hybrid and creative meetings and individual work and recovery events. The workspace interventions were designed using the design information gathered from the co-design process; the changes implemented in intervention spaces increased employee satisfaction towards them. The study’s methodology contributes to establishing a theory-informed workplace design framework supporting user-centred workplace design and evaluation and indicates a role for spatial atmosphere in need-supply fit formation.
40-9795
design features. Kansei Engineering. semantic differential. Smart classroom. subjective assessments.
Taking classes in a smart classroom is a novel experience for most college students in China, and comprehensive research on how Chinese students perceive smart classroom environments is limited. This study explored students’ perceptions of smart classroom environments in plain language through a survey involving 358 students. The semantic difference and Kansei Engineering methods were employed to investigate students’ perceptions of learning and physical environments and their relationships with the design features of smart classrooms. Statistical analysis revealed six factors of subjective assessments with a total interpretation rate of 66.29% and five design features of smart classrooms with a total interpretation rate of 59.40%. No significant differences were found across all the factors based on gender, but there were significant differences in students’ technology self-efficacy according to each factor of subjective evaluation and design feature. All factors of the subjective assessments and design features exhibited significant correlations. Furthermore, regression models revealed a significant relationship between affective perception and other dimensions of subjective assessments and an important connection between the active learning environment and all design features. Thus, this study provides an empirical foundation for understanding students’ perceptions of smart classrooms and offers a user-based perspective for designing smart classrooms.
40-9796
criteria development. decorative elements. design elements. work commitment. Workplace design.
Workplace design elements influence work commitment; however, previous studies broadly categorized these elements, lacking specific practical design information. This study aims to classify workplace design elements that influence work commitment into structural and decorative elements, then further categorize them into top-level factors and sub-items. Using two surveys with employees, this study derived evaluation criteria, resulting in 6 factors and 19 sub-items for structural elements, and 6 factors and 27 sub-items for decorative elements. Subsequently, an additional survey was conducted with employees to prioritize the derived workplace design elements for work commitment. The results indicated that workplaces designed for work commitment should be as follows: first, structural elements should be prioritized over decorative elements. Second, structural elements should be considered in the order of outdoor space perception, scale, functionality, circulation impact, visual impact and aesthetic characteristics. Third, decorative elements should be considered in the order of furniture, colour, material, interior landscaping, personal lighting devices and graphics. This study establishes criteria for workplace design to enhance work commitment and provides valuable insights for improving work commitment through design.
40-9797
China. Chinese medicine clinic. indoor environmental comfort evaluation. thermal comfort. treatment space.
Currently, there are no targeted standards and norms for Chinese medicine clinic diagnosis and treatment space. This study conducted field research in nine Chinese medicine clinics located in Hangzhou. The field research included the measurement of physical environment data in addition to the patients’ subjective evaluation of the factors of the physical environment and design within the clinics, followed by statistical data analysis. The results show that the order of importance of physical environment factors in the diagnosis and treatment space was as follows: air quality > sound pressure level > humidity > temperature and the order of importance of the design factors were as follows: access route > supporting facilities > overall style > spatial scale > barrier-free design > cultural atmosphere and the order of importance of the spatial scale factors were as follows: area > the number of beds > window-to-wall ratio > floor height. The study presents the reference values of the physical environment parameters and spatial scale of the Chinese medicine clinics and the importance ranking of each factor.
40-9798
collaboration. community development. Joint use. shared services.
Joint use sharing of facilities and programs between schools and communities is receiving increased attention. Joint use may enhance fiscal efficiency, improve service quality, and build healthy communities. Using a 2013 state-wide survey of school districts in New York, we conduct multivariate analyses to assess determinants of joint use service sharing. We differentiate between administrative services (payroll, purchasing) and community services (childcare, recreation, shared facilities). Service sharing is higher when sharing agreements are more formal, management factors are considered, and in school districts with less poverty, smaller enrollment, and those in rural areas and in small cities. Sharing rates are greater for administrative services than community services, and this may be due to regional service agencies which facilitate sharing in educational and administrative services, but not in community services. We recommend an administrative mechanism to promote more community service sharing be implemented.
40-9980
community development. COVID-19 pandemic. marginalized communities. resilience. rural and urban.
In the Caribbean, Jamaica mobilized strategies to ensure that the most vulnerable were protected against the threats and fears of COVID-19 and other crises over time. One strategy involved wide-scale collaboration with public and private sectors, non-governmental and community-based organizations, and volunteers. This study describes the approach taken by stakeholders in response to the needs of vulnerable residents in marginalized communities, and to highlight the experiences building community resilience during COVID-19. Three questions guided the research: 1) What major issues that affected the community during the COVID-19 crisis? 2) What measures have been implemented to help communities manage and adapt coping mechanism during this crisis? and 3) How has the community shown resilience and recovery in mitigating crises? A descriptive research design was employed comprising focus groups and interviews. We sampled 28 participants from 7 non-governmental organizations and 12 communities in rural and urban Jamaica. The analysis generated policy recommendations.
40-9981
community capital framework. community development. Community resilience. Digital. Digital technology (DT). Rural community.
In this paper we offer an analytical framework exploring the extent to which rural communities are positioned to engage with digital technologies and some key factors influencing the process. Described as a ‘Digital Rural Research Framework’, it builds on the digital stages of readiness, capacity, use, and impact, and incorporates the community capitals literature to examine how different capitals can influence digital technology adoption. The paper outlines how the ‘Digital Rural Research Framework’ was applied to researching the experiences of young people in rural communities in Manitoba, Canada, using focus groups with rural youth and key informant interviews with rural leaders and partners involved in digital technology and programming across Canada. The authors apply the framework to explore both the barriers and opportunities of built, human, economic, social, cultural, and political capital related to digital technologies in rural communities. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of tailoring digital initiatives to address specific barriers and challenges in each rural area, and how the Digital Rural Research Framework can provide insights for place-based digital research and inform policy and practice. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of the intersections between digital technologies and community capitals in rural contexts.
40-9982
community capitals framework. community development. Community resilience. Digital. Digital technology (DT). Rural community.
In this paper we offer an analytical framework exploring the extent to which rural communities are positioned to engage with digital technologies and some key factors influencing the process. Described as a ‘Digital Rural Research Framework’, it builds on the digital stages of readiness, capacity, use, and impact, and incorporates the community capitals literature to examine how different capitals can influence digital technology adoption. The paper outlines how the ‘Digital Rural Research Framework’ was applied to researching the experiences of young people in rural communities in Manitoba, Canada, using focus groups with rural youth and key informant interviews with rural leaders and partners involved in digital technology and programming across Canada. The authors apply the framework to explore both the barriers and opportunities of built, human, economic, social, cultural, and political capital related to digital technologies in rural communities. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of tailoring digital initiatives to address specific barriers and challenges in each rural area, and how the Digital Rural Research Framework can provide insights for place-based digital research and inform policy and practice. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of the intersections between digital technologies and community capitals in rural contexts.
40-9983
Corruption. green innovation. non-OECD countries. OECD countries. panel corrected standard error (PCSE). system generalized moment of method (S-GMM) model.
This study examines the effect of corruption on green innovation. We employed a panel corrected standard error (PCSE) and robust checking system generalized moment of method (S-GMM) model on a panel sample of 61 OECD and non-OECD countries between 2010 and 2018. Our results show that corruption is significant and positively related to green innovation in 61 countries. Similarly, we find that corruption has an increasing impact on green innovation in non-OECD countries. However, in OECD countries, corruption reduces the likelihood of attaining green innovation. Our results are robust to alternative estimation. Therefore, our results extend the green innovation literature and informed policymakers of the need to pay attention to the effect of corruption.
35-6 PROGRAMMING/FACILITY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
40-9799
domestic energy use. gender. participatory process. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE). ventilation. video diaries.
Understanding occupants’ behaviour and thermal preferences is key to designing less energy-intensive buildings. However, qualitative research methods to understand behaviour can be time-consuming and limited by participants’ recall bias and interpretations. This paper introduces a participatory method of ‘video diaries’ for interrogating occupants’ post-occupancy behaviour and energy use with their own mobile phones. The method is applied to understand middleclass women’s domestic and comfort practices in Amman, Jordan, focusing on their use of windows, fans and air-conditioning (AC). The study demonstrates the method’s effectiveness in capturing interrelated domestic energy-dependent practices, adaptive comfort and the materiality of homes. In particular, the video diaries reveal: (1) overlapping and ‘messy’ practices tied to the use of domestic technologies (e.g. AC and fans) in unexpected ways (e.g. always ventilating while cooking or exercising) that challenge conventional building simulation approaches that account for only thermally motivated actions; (2) diverse perceptions of comfort negotiated through gendered bodies and practices; and (3) the usefulness of video dairies as a form of self-reflection and increased awareness that may result in behavioural change. The study argues for using video diaries to supplement methods such as surveys and field measurements, particularly in post-occupancy evaluations or simulations for domestic energy use.
40-9800
Building morphology. construction cost and revenue. generative design. genetic algorithm. high-rise buildings.
Generative design has been applied to facilitate architectural exploration and augment designers’ ability to consider building profits. However, the take-up of generative design instruments is slow due to the lack of considering practical needs. This paper reports a novel generative design methodology that meets the practical needs of profit-aware morphology for high-rise buildings. It follows a generation–evaluation–optimization workflow but is enriched with a novel shape generator; an evaluator estimating construction cost and selling revenue; and an optimizer using genetic algorithms. The methodology is prototyped in Grasshopper with Python programs embedded and then tested in two real cases in Hong Kong. We find that the methodology is effective in generating complex yet plausible morphologies for high-rises, evaluating their costs and revenues, and deriving profit-optimal buildings. This research contributes to the growing literature on generative design and could lead to a practical design tool that bridges designers and surveying professions.
40-9984
collaborative interactions. community university partnership. ethnography. Trust. youth.
This study explores the dynamics of trust-building with youth within the context of Community University Partnerships (CUPs). It proposes a conceptual model derived from qualitative research conducted in Green Park with six male youths and based on recorded ethnographical observations from 21 visits over a period of 15?months. A Grounded Theory approach led to identifying a conceptual model that illustrates a multi-phase trust-building process that begins with overcoming initial wariness and progresses through understanding and shared experiences. Mindful interactions, respect, and the inclusion of youth perspectives are identified as key facilitators. The research highlights the role of intermediaries, like youth workers, in reinforcing trust and supporting the youth’s engagement with researchers. The study offers significant insights into fostering trust with youth groups, enhancing collaborative strategies, and potentially facilitating more effective CUP outcomes.
35-7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
40-9801
Circadian rhythms. circadian stimulus. health. intensive care unit. lighting. tuneable white.
The significance of lighting design in intensive care units (ICUs) for healthcare professionals’ demanding work and its profound impact on health, visual comfort and overall well-being cannot be overstated. This study investigates the potential of controlling luminous flux and spectral characteristics to enhance ICU lighting environments. It aims to determine whether modifying the lighting spectrum positively affects health without compromising visual comfort and colour discrimination. Two distinct LED lighting configurations were tested. The first adjusted only light levels, providing insights into staff responses. The second used tuneable white lighting, allowing changes in spectral content and colour temperature throughout shifts, resembling natural light variations. Effects were assessed via subjective perception surveys and objective colour rendering tests. Physiological impacts were evaluated through urine and blood samples, analysing melatonin suppression and cortisol levels, crucial for regulating rhythms and stress. Results offer valuable insights into lighting’s impact on ICU occupants’ well-being, highlighting the potential benefits of spectral adjustments while maintaining visual comfort and colour discrimination. This holistic approach to lighting design in critical care settings emphasizes the importance of balancing health benefits with lighting quality.
40-9985
COR theory. emotional exhaustion. green attitude. green behavior. green human resource management. green leadership.
This article integrates conservation of resources theory to explore the impact of green leadership on the green behavior of employees. The data came from respondents from multiple industries in Pakistan. This study found that, as anticipated, green leadership has a positive impact on employee green behavior. Results also showed that green attitude significantly mediated the link between green leadership and employee green behavior in study 1; however, the role of emotional exhaustion was not significant. In study 2, green human resource management (GHRM) practice did not affect the direct link between green leadership and emotional exhaustion, nor did it affect the indirect link between green leadership and green behavior through emotional exhaustion. However, GHRM significantly moderated the mediation of green attitude. This article provides valuable insights for environmental researchers, managers, and policymakers to reform strategies to promote green behavior in the workplace.
35-8 UNIVERSAL DESIGN
40-9802
architectural design qualities. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). autism-friendly design. inclusive design. sensory-informed design. taxonomy.
Sensory-informed architectural design for autistic individuals can significantly enhance health and well-being. This study introduces a taxonomy to classify sensory and spatial design qualities, promoting a unified understanding of current frameworks. Through a literature review of 76 sources, 83 sensory-informed design qualities were identified. The sources were selected based on their relevance to autism-friendly design, ensuring a robust dataset for analysis. Critical gaps in the field were identified, including the reliance on intuition sensory zoning as the main driver for spatial topology without quantifying the sensory drivers, and an emphasis on interior design elements over spatial configuration. Furthermore, the lack of a classification system for the design qualities of autism was noted. Using a thematic analysis, this study proposes four main themes to form an original taxonomy for classifying sensory and design qualities. Unlike prior literature focusing on discrete design qualities, this taxonomy integrates and categorizes spatial- and sensory-based aspects into a comprehensive framework. The taxonomy systematically organizes design qualities into structured categories, offering a practical tool for designers, educators and policymakers. In conclusion, by addressing fragmented and vague design qualities in earlier research, this study bridges theoretical concepts with practical implementations by forming a solid base for future research.
36. Environmenal Psychology/Environment, Behavior, and Society
36-1 ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION/COGNITION
40-9803
decision-making process. investment. real estate development. risk. Structure-agency. urban planning.
This commentary revisits Patsy Healey and colleagues’ 1980s–1990s work on property development within the context of urban change, examining its relevance to contemporary property-led urban planning theory and research. The commentary furthers structure and agency debates by introducing an analytical framework to focus on actors’ risk perceptions and the materialisation of risk within the built environment. This approach aims to bridge diverse theoretical and disciplinary perspectives in contemporary urban research, integrating economic and non-economic depictions of the city. The article furthers Healey’s call for a robust framework to understand the character of property markets and urban change.
40-9804
human perception. perceptions. rural environment. social sensing. street view.
Evaluating residents’ subjective perceptions of the rural environment is crucial for formulating effective rural planning. Due to the difficulty in obtaining rural data and the limitations of traditional questionnaire survey methods, existing research mostly focuses on small-scale perception evaluations in specific areas, making it difficult to reveal rural perception characteristics at the regional scale. To address this issue, our study proposes a rural living environment perception evaluation model based on street view images and deep neural networks, achieving a quantitative evaluation of rural perception in 118 cities nationwide. We collected a large data set of rural street view images nationwide through crowdsourcing and established an index system comprising five subjective perception dimensions: wealthy, tidy, lively, habitable, and terroir. By training a multidimensional quantitative evaluation model, we comprehensively evaluated residents’ subjective perceptions of China’s rural environment. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between these subjective perceptions and objective socioeconomic indicators. The model achieves an average evaluation accuracy of 75 percent across five dimensions, with the wealthy dimension exceeding 80 percent. Rural environment perception is comprehensively influenced by various factors such as economic base and traditional feature protection, showing significant differences between different regions. The perception of rural environment in the eastern region is closely related to economic levels, whereas perception in the western region is more affected by infrastructure improvement and social development. Overall, this study provides scientific evidence for formulating more targeted and effective rural planning.
36-3 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE/AWARENESS/VALUES
40-9805
ERA5. India. integrated precipitable water vapor. MERRA2. MODIS.
This study assesses the effectiveness of remote sensing (MODIS), reanalysis (ERA5 and MERRA2), and their ensemble data sets in monitoring integrated precipitable water vapor (PWV) across India. The study aims to assess the performance of these data sets by comparing them with daily Global Positioning System (GPS) PWV data from 1 March 2013 to 28 February 2014, using statistical metrics such as mean bias (b), root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (R), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). Additionally, the study examines and compares the seasonal and annual trends in integrated PWV across different climatic regions of India from 2003 to 2022 using the given data sets. The findings reveal that ERA5, among all the data sets, exhibits better agreement (R =? 0.97, NSE = 0.88–0.99) with GPS data in India. The trend analysis shows an overall increase in integrated PWV during the period from 2003 to 2022, with seasonal trends ranging from 0.08 mm/year to 0.18 mm/year. The postmonsoon season records the highest rising trend (0.18 mm/year), followed by the monsoon (0.11 mm/year), winter (0.10 mm/year), and premonsoon seasons (0.08 mm/year). Notably, MODIS NIR, ERA5, and MERRA2 exhibit a rising trend in PWV at both the seasonal and annual scales, whereas MODIS IR shows a positive trend only during the postmonsoon season. Annually, MODIS NIR shows the highest increasing trend of 0.17 mm/year, whereas MODIS IR shows a declining trend of -0.06 mm/year. Interregional variations in PWV trends across India reveal that the West Central region exhibits the highest annual PWV trends, followed by the Peninsular region, whereas the Northwest records the lowest annual trends. The significance of the study lies in improving the accuracy and reliability of PWV estimates, which enhances the precision of meteorological models, improves early warning systems for extreme weather events, and supports sustainable water resource management. This is particularly crucial in India, where diverse climatic conditions and seasonal variability significantly influence societal and economic activities.
40-9986
awareness. China. construction firms. construction industry. corporate environmental responsibility (CER). implementation program. practices. sustainable development.
This study aims to examine construction firms’ awareness and implementation of various aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and ascertain whether the level of CSR awareness and implementation would vary across firms with different ownership and control. An online questionnaire survey was undertaken across extra-grade construction firms in China. The results show that respondents’ CSR priorities are built around the aspects of quality, safety, and environment. They tend to adopt a more integrated approach to managing the interests of diverse stakeholders. It is notable that there are positive correlations between the firms’ CSR awareness and implementation and that listed firms tend to exhibit a higher level of CSR awareness and implementation than their counterparts. In conclusion, the findings inform policymakers and practitioners of the status quo of CSR, thus enabling them to configure targeted strategies to improve the overall CSR awareness and implementation in China’s construction industry.
36-4 SOCIO-SPATIAL FACTORS
40-9806
autocorrelation. hub location problems. network autocorrelation. spatial optimization. spatially informed approach.
The properties of spatial information have been shown to aid in identifying optimal solutions for location–allocation problems. Little effort, though, has been made to develop a spatially informed approach to solving hub location problems, as this class of problems entails a more complex model structure and greater challenges in terms of solving capability. To address this issue, this research proposes the spatially informed hub location problem (SI-HLP), derived from investigating the behavior of hub location problems in determining hubs and their allocations to nonhubs to achieve optimal solutions leveraged by underlying spatial characteristics among nodes, links, and routes. The performance of SI-HLP is achieved with two strategies to distinguish essential and nonessential decision variables for location and allocation decision variables, using an innovative convex-hull-based method, HUBI-COV, to capture nodes with high positive network autocorrelations and their allocated links. Simulation experiments under robustly designed settings were conducted to generalize the findings and assess the effectiveness of SI-HLP, indicating that SI-HLPs provide a novel avenue for advancing the solution of large-scale hub location problems.
40-9987
Aichi targets. Biodiversity. ecological modernization. England. spatial planning.
This article explores how international biodiversity commitments (Aichi targets) made in 2010 have been incorporated into spatial planning policy in England. The article analyses the moral, scientific and instrumental arguments underlying the Aichi targets and how they are reflected in the National Planning Policy Framework for England, together with views on the spatial planning approach to biodiversity expressed by local actors in spatial planning. The article concludes that biodiversity has been ‘mainstreamed’ in English spatial planning policy, but with spatial variations in policy approach between protected sites and the wider countryside and urban areas and with responsibility for biodiversity enhancement in the wider countryside and urban areas relying mainly on local policy and instrumental arguments that are likely to lead to tensions over the ‘replaceability’ of nature. The concept of connectivity is identified as key to a successful biodiversity strategy, but challenges to achieving connectivity in practice are identified.
36-5 LIFESTYLE
40-9807
behavioral geocomputation. distance decay effect. food accessibility. online food delivery.
Ensuring adequate access to healthy food is essential for public health. As a rapidly growing food access channel, online food delivery (OFD) services have gained widespread popularity globally, particularly in China. The accessibility of food through OFD retailers remains underexplored, however. This study addresses this gap by analyzing comprehensive data sets of 129,140 OFD retailers and 240,455 offline food retailers across ten categories in two Chinese megacities (Shenzhen and Wuhan). We estimated the service area sizes (distance decay effects) of all retailers and systematically evaluated OFD and offline food accessibility in terms of total accessibility levels, spatial inequities, categorical distributions, and market shares. The results highlight significant differences between OFD and offline food accessibility patterns, driven by distinct service area structures. Offline food retailers have a three-level hierarchical structure. A few retailers at the upper level and middle-level hierarchies have large service area sizes, whereas a huge number of retailers at the lower level hierarchy have small service area sizes. By contrast, service area sizes of all OFD retailers are equalized by enlarging those of lower level retailers and reducing those of middle-level and upper level retailers. The results of this study deepen our understanding of how OFD services alter the distance decay effects of food retailers, and how these effects shape accessibility to food retailers of various categories, including healthy and unhealthy food retailers, as well as restaurants.
40-9808
behavioral geocomputation. distance decay effect. food accessibility. online food delivery.
Ensuring adequate access to healthy food is essential for public health. As a rapidly growing food access channel, online food delivery (OFD) services have gained widespread popularity globally, particularly in China. The accessibility of food through OFD retailers remains underexplored, however. This study addresses this gap by analyzing comprehensive data sets of 129,140 OFD retailers and 240,455 offline food retailers across ten categories in two Chinese megacities (Shenzhen and Wuhan). We estimated the service area sizes (distance decay effects) of all retailers and systematically evaluated OFD and offline food accessibility in terms of total accessibility levels, spatial inequities, categorical distributions, and market shares. The results highlight significant differences between OFD and offline food accessibility patterns, driven by distinct service area structures. Offline food retailers have a three-level hierarchical structure. A few retailers at the upper level and middle-level hierarchies have large service area sizes, whereas a huge number of retailers at the lower level hierarchy have small service area sizes. By contrast, service area sizes of all OFD retailers are equalized by enlarging those of lower level retailers and reducing those of middle-level and upper level retailers. The results of this study deepen our understanding of how OFD services alter the distance decay effects of food retailers, and how these effects shape accessibility to food retailers of various categories, including healthy and unhealthy food retailers, as well as restaurants.
40-9809
free-market urbanism. freedom cities. ideation. imaginaries. neoliberalism.
Exploring and problematizing “neoliberal urbanism,” understood in this instance as an empirically traceable, recurrent, and actually circulating imaginary, the article is concerned with a small but determined group of de facto neoliberal visionaries, ideational entrepreneurs, and policy activists, who through dispersed but well-connected networks are purposefully engaged in schemes to visualize, design, and even plan for free-market cities. Centering on these “properly neoliberal” visions of the city, the article analyzes the paradoxical robustness of this largely unrealized but insistently circulating idea. It tackles the emergent project of free-market urbanism as an ideational matrix, tracing continuities and tensions between a deeply ingrained strain of antiurbanism in neoliberal thought (both in the Old Testament of ordoliberalism and in the New Testament of the Chicago School), which serves as context and counterpoint to a critical assessment of the recent promotion, propagation, and intensification of purposive models for free-market cities. This ideational project might still be correctly characterized as “fringe,” but neoliberalism’s urban fringe is neither what, nor where, it once was.
40-9988
community connection. connection with nature. nature-based connectedness. population growth. well-being.
Research suggests that feeling connected to the natural world and feeling socially connected to your community positively influence wellbeing. However, significant demographic shifts within communities may reduce the amount of social and nature-based connectedness enjoyed by residents. As one of the fastest growing states, data from within Utah provides important insights related to how population growth impacts connectedness and wellbeing. The goal of this research was to investigate how community connection and connection with nature are associated with personal wellbeing and how population growth, both in terms of actual growth rates and subjective assessments of population growth, influence connectedness and wellbeing. Results indicate that people within the Utah study communities are aware of and sensitive to changes within and beyond their communities, and these perceptions appear to be more impactful for connectedness and wellbeing than the actual growth rates their cities are experiencing.
36-6 QUALITY OF LIFE
40-9989
Community-based tourism (CBT). India. quality of life. residential sector. social exchange theory.
The article aims to decipher the impacts of community-based tourism on the quality of life of traditional communities using the grounds of social exchange theory and economic exchange theory. The empirical data, collected at random by using a questionnaire survey method from the residents of two rural communities in Sikkim, India, were used for the present study. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to analyze the data. The output of the regression analysis indicates that the three factors, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts of community-based tourism, have a positive and significant effect on the resident’s quality of life. It is also demonstrated that improved quality of life has a substantial and constructive impact on the residents’ support for tourism. In nations such as India, characterized by significant potential for community-based tourism to enhance the well-being of rural communities and alleviate poverty, it is crucial for policymakers to possess a comprehensive comprehension of the effects of community-based tourism on residents’ quality of life and their attitudes toward tourism. This understanding is essential to facilitate the successful implementation of community-based tourism initiatives in other regions within the country.