This article attempts to broaden the conceptual perspective of caregiver strain by developing a generalized perspective that focuses on the demands and resources of caregiving. By extension, the perspective links caregiver strain to a typology relating caregiver strain and institutionalization. The result is intended to be a new and useful conceptualization for identifying factors that differentiate sources of caregiver strain and their consequences for both individuals and society.
References
1.
Andersen, R. , & Aday, L. A. (1978). Access to medical care in the U.S.: Realized and potential. Medical Care, 16, 533-546.
2.
Andersen, R. , & Newman, J. (1973). Societal and individual determinants of medical care. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 51, 95-124.
3.
Antonucci, T. C. , & Akiyama, H. (1987). Social networks in adult life and a preliminary examination of the convoy model. Journal of Gerontology, 45(5), 519-527.
4.
Bass, D. M. , & Noelker, L. S. (1987). The influence of family caregivers on elder's use of in-home services: An expanded conceptual framework. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 28(2), 184-196.
5.
Bengtson, V. L. , & deTerre, E. (1980). Aging and family relations: A decade review. Marriage & Family Review, 2, 51-76.
6.
Brody, E. M. (1985). Parent care as a normative family stress. Gerontologist, 25, 19-29.
7.
Cantor, M. H. (1983). Strain among caregivers: A study of experience in the United States. Gerontologist, 23, 597-604.
8.
Coe, R. M. , Wolinsky, F. D., Miller, D. K., & Prendergast, J. M. (1984). Complimentary and compensatory functions in social network relationships among the elderly. Gerontologist, 24, 396-400.
9.
Cohen, S. , & Syme, S. L. (Eds.). (1985). Social support and health. New York: Academic Press.
10.
Deimling, G. T. , & Bass, D. M. (1986). Symptoms of mental impairments among elderly adults and their effects on family caregivers. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 778-784.
11.
Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development . (1978). Multidimensional functional assessment: The OARS methodology. Durham, NC: Author.
12.
Fitting, M. , Rabins, P., Lucas, M. J., & Eastham, J. (1986). Caregivers of dementia patients: A comparison of husbands and wives. Gerontologist, 26(3), 248-252.
13.
Gaitz, C. M. (1986). Multidisciplinary team care of the elderly: The role of the psychiatrist. Gerontologist27(5), 553-556.
14.
George, L. K. , & Gwyther, L. P. (1984). The dynamics of caregiving burden: Changes in caregiver well-being over time [Special Issue]. Gerontologist, 23.
15.
George, L. K. , & Gwyther, L. P. (1986). Caregiver well-being: A multidimensional examination of family caregivers of demented adults. Gerontologist, 26(3), 253-259.
16.
Gwyther, L. P. , & George, L. K. (1986). Symposium—Caregivers for dementia patients: Complex determinants of well-being and burden. Gerontologist, 26(3), 245-247.
17.
Hess, B. B. , & Soldo, B. J. (1985). Husband and wife networks. In W. J. Sauer & R. T. Coward (Eds.), Social support networks and the care of the elderly: Theory, research and practice. New York: Springer.
18.
Kane, R. , & Kane, R. (1982). Assessing the elderly. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
19.
Krause, N. (1987). Understanding the stress process: Linking social support with locus of control. Journal of Gerontology, 42(6), 589-593.
20.
Lin, N. , Dean, A., & Ensel, W. (Eds.). (1986). Social supports, life events and depression. New York: Academic Press.
21.
Mills, C. W. (1959). Sociological imagination. New York: Oxford University Press.
22.
Montgomery, R.J.V. , Stull, D. E., & Borgatta, E. V. (1985). Measurement and the analysis of burden. Research on Aging, 7, 137-152.
23.
Norris, F. H. , & Murrell, S. A. (1987). Older adult family stress and adaptation before and after bereavement. Journal of Gerontology, 42(6), 606-612.
24.
Poulshock, S. W. , & Deimling, G. T. (1983). Families caring for elders in residence: Issues in the measurement of burden. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 230-239.
25.
Robinson, B. C. (1983). Validation of a caregiver strain index. Journal of Gerontology, 38, 334-348.
26.
Rook, K. S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction. Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097-1108.
27.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement [Entire issue]. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(609).
28.
Rubenstein, L. , Rhee, L., & Kane, R. L. (1982). The role of GEUs in caring for the elderly: An analytic review. Journal of Gerontology, 37, 513-521.
29.
Schorr, A. L. (1980).... thy father and thy mother.... (GPO SSA No. 13-11953). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
30.
Shanas, E. (1979a). Social myth as hypothesis: The case of the family relations of old people. Gerontologist, 19, 3-9.
31.
Shanas, E. (1979b). The family as a social support system in old age. Gerontologist, 19, 169-174.
32.
Sussman, M. B. (1985). The family life of old people. In R. H. Binstock & E. P. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (2nd ed., pp. 415-449). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
33.
Sussman, M. B. , & Romeis, J. (1982). Willingness to assist one's elderly parents: Responses from United States and Japanese families. Human Organization, 41(3), 256-259.
34.
Zarit, S. H. , Orr, N. K., & Zarit, J. (1985). Hidden victims of Alzheimer's disease: Families under stress. New York: New York University Press.
35.
Zarit, S. H. , Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist, 20, 649-655.
36.
Zarit, S. H. , Todd, P. A., & Zarit, J. (1986). Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: A longitudinal study. Gerontologist, 26(3), 260-266.