As the existence of the gap between real-road vehicle fuel consumption rate and type-approval, the researches focused on real-road fuel consumption characteristics are increasing in recent years. However, the quantitative analysis about the reasons caused the real-road high fuel consumption scenarios are rarely reported. In this paper, based on the real-road driving data, the high fuel consumption scenarios in urban, suburb, and high-way conditions have been extracted, which was defined as HFC (high fuel consumption) set, and the reasons caused the HFC set were discussed from the aspect of driving characteristics and driver’s operating characteristics. Results showed that for vehicle speed and gear state factors, it showed a negative correlation with HFC set’s fuel consumption, and the effects became weaker varying to high-way condition, which were just the opposite of vehicle positive acceleration, acceleration pedal opening, and speed per positive acceleration. While the variation rate of acceleration pedal opening showed a weak or no correlation with HFC’s fuel consumption. To sum up, the ranking of each factor’s effect on real-road vehicle fuel consumption of HFC set under all the conditions, from strong to weak, should be vehicle speed per positive acceleration > acceleration pedal opening ≈ vehicle positive acceleration > gear state > vehicle speed, and the effects of acceleration pedal opening and vehicle positive acceleration were almost the same.
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