AusAID's HIV Cooperation Program for Indonesia commenced in 2008 with the main aim of preventing the transmission of HIV. This article describes the process of developing and carrying out a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plan to assess the outcomes of a multi-component program. Lessons from the process include: the need for a flexible ‘living’ M&E plan; realistic target setting; appropriate methods of M&E for different components; and the need to involve implementing partners in the development of tools; and the analysis of outcomes to improve the quality of data and increase the likelihood of program responsiveness to findings.
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