Comparative research has rapidly grown to become one of the most viable perspectives and methodologies in contemporary criminology, particularly in studies with primary data collected through ethnographic fieldwork. This study examines major issues (e.g., access, informed consent, conceptual and cultural equivalence) confronted by comparative scholars conducting fieldwork in China. Data used in this study involve the authors' own research experience in collecting primary data regarding law and the legal system in several cities in China through methods such as courtroom observations, interviews, and surveys. Systematic documentary analysis serves as a main analytical strategy to enhance interpretive validity.
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