This study explores the construct of collective efficacy for self-managed work teams in a manufacturing setting. The construct is developedfrom a historical perspective through the team literature and the self-efficacy literature. Collective efficacy and performance behaviors are measured at four time periods for eight work teams. A positive relationship was discovered using repeated measures analysis of variance, indicating that higher efficacy is related to higher levels of performance.
References
1.
Bandura, A. (1986). Socialfoundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2.
Bandura, A. (1990). Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of personal agency. Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 128-163.
3.
Bandura, A. (1992). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28, 117-148.
4.
Bownas, D. A. , & Bernardin, H. J. (1988). Critical incident technique. In S. Gael (Ed.), The job analysis handbook (pp. 1120-1128). New York: John Wiley.
5.
Campbell, J. P. (1991). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 687-732). Palo Alto, CA: CPP.
6.
Campion, M. A. , Medsker, G. J., & Higgs, A. C. (1993). Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups. Personnel Psychology, 46, 823-850.
7.
Cannon-Bowers, J. A. , Tannenbaum, S. I., Salas, E., & Volpe, C. E. (1995). Defining competencies and establishing team training requirements. In R. A. Guzzo & E. Salas (Eds.), Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations (pp. 333-380). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
8.
Cody, R. P. , & Smith, J. K. (1987). Applied statistics and the SAS programming language. New York: North-Holland.
9.
Druckman, D. , & Bjork, R. A. (1994). Learning, remembering, believing. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
10.
Gecas, V. (1989). The social psychology of self-efficacy. Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 291-316.
11.
Goodman, P. S. , Devadas, R., & Hughson, T.L.G. (1988). Groups and productivity: Analyzing the effectiveness of self-managing teams. In J. P. Campbell & R. W. Campbell (Eds.), Productivity in organizations (pp. 295-327). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
12.
Goodman, P. W. , Ravlin, E., & Schminke, P. (1987). Understanding groups in organizations. In L. L. Cummings & B. S. Shaw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 121-137). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
13.
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
14.
Greene, C. N. (1989). Cohesion and productivity in work groups. Small Group Behavior, 20, 70-86.
15.
Guzzo, R. A. , Yost, P. R., Campbell, R. J., & Shea, G. P. (1993). Potency in groups: Articulating a construct. British Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 87-106.
16.
Hackman, J. R. (1987). The design of work teams. In J. W. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 315-342). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
17.
Hackman, J. R. (1990). Groups that work (and those that don't). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
18.
Hodges, L. , & Carron, A.1992. Collective efficacy and group perforrnance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23, 48-59.
19.
Howell, D. C. (1987). Statistical methods for psychology. Boston: Duxbury.
20.
James, L. R. , Demaree, R. G., & Wolf, G. (1984). Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 85-98.
21.
Klimoski, R. , & Mohammed, S. (1994). Team mental model: Constructormetaphor?Journal of Management, 20,403-438.
22.
Latham, G. P. , & Wesley, K. N. (1977). Behavioral observation scales. Personnel Psychology, 30, 255-268.
23.
Lawler, E. E. III . (1986). High involvement management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
24.
Lee, S. (1992). A social cognitive approach to leadership: Application ofself-efficacy theory to leadership at the dyad and group level of analysis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, State University of New York, Buffalo.
25.
Lindsley, D. H. , Brass, D. J., & Thomas, J. B. (1993). Efficacy-performance spirals: A multilevel perspective. Academy of Management Review, 20, 645-678.
26.
Mudrack, P. E. (1989). Defining group cohesiveness: A legacy of confusion?Small Group Behavior, 20, 347-349.
27.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
28.
Sackett, P. R. , & Larson, J. R. (1991). Research strategies and tactics in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnett & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 687-732). Palo Alto, CA: CPP.
29.
Saks, A. M. (1995). Longitudinal field investigation of the moderating and meditating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship between training and newcomer adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 211-225.
30.
Schmitt, N. , & Klimoski, R. J. (1991). Research methods in human resource management. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western.
31.
Shamir, B. (1990). Calculations, values, and identities: The source of collectivistic work motivation. Human Relations, 43, 313-332.
32.
Shea, G. P. , & Guzzo, R. A. (1987a). Groups as human resources. In K. Rowland & G. Ferris (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management (pp. 323-356). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
33.
Shea, G. P. , & Guzzo, R. A. (1987b). Group effectiveness: What really matters?Sloan Management Review, 28, 25-31.
34.
Spink, K. S. (1990a). Collective efficacy in the sport setting. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 380-395.
35.
Spink, K. S. (1990b). Group cohesion and collective efficacy of volleyball teams. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, 301-311.
36.
Van de Van, A. H. , & Ferry, D. L. (1980). Measuring and assessing organizations. New York: John Wiley.
37.
Whitney, K. (1994). Improving group task performance: The role of groups goals and group efficacy. Human Performance, 7, 55-78.
38.
Zander, A. (1977). Groups at work. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
