The purpose of this follow-forward study was to determine if behavioral groupings, created when children were preschoolers, were associated with different outcomes 5 years later. Participating in this follow-forward study were parents of three groups of children who participated in a larger study 5 years earlier. Children had been identified as preschoolers with hyperactivity, hyperactivity and aggression, or comparisons. Response rate for the follow-forward study was 66% and attrition rates were similar across the groups. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at the outcome assessment. Analyses were conducted to determine if the original groups could be differentiated on the CBCL factors 5 years later. Results from this study clearly illuminated the importance of early assessments of hyperactivity and aggression, as they were associated with later behavior problems.
References
1.
Achenbach, T.M., & Edelbrock, C. (1983). Manual for the Behavior Problem Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, Vermont: Queen City Printers.
2.
Barkley, R.A. (1990). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
3.
Barkley, R.A. (1995). Taking charge of ADHD: The complete, authoritative guide for parents. New York: Guilford Press.
4.
Barkley, R.A. (1998). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
5.
Behar, L. (1977). The Preschool Behavior Questionnaire. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 5, 265—276.
6.
Campbell, S.B. (1997). Behavior problems in preschool children: Developmental and family issues. In T. H. Ollendick & R. J. Prinz (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology: Vol. 19. New York: Plenum Press
7.
Campbell, S.B., Breaux, A.M., Ewing, L.J., Szumowski, E.K., & Pierce, E.W. (1986). Parentidentified problem preschoolers: Mother-child interaction during play at intake and 1-year follow-up. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 425—440.
8.
Campbell, S.B. & Ewing, L.J. (1990). Follow-up of hard to manage preschoolers: Adjustment at age 9 and predictors of continuing symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 871—889.
9.
Campbell, S.B., March, C.L., Pierce, E.W., Ewing, L.J., & Szumowski, E.K. (1991). Hard-to-manage preschool boys: Family context and the stability of externalizing behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 301—315.
10.
Campbell, S.B., Pierce, E.W., Moore, G., Marakovitz, S., & Newby, K. (1996). Boys' externalizing problems at elementary school age: Pathways from early behavior problems, maternal control, and family stress . Development and Psychopathology, 8, 701—719.
11.
Edelbrock, C., Greenbaum, R., & Conover, N.E. (1985). Reliability and concurrent relations between the teacher version of the Child Behavior Profile and the Conners Revised Teacher Rating Scale. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 295—304.
12.
Feil, E.G., Severson, H.H., & Walker, H.M. (1998). Screening for emotional and behavioral delays: The early screening project. Journal of Early Intervention , 21, 252—266.
13.
Harper, G.W., & Ottinger, D.R. (1992). The performance of hyperactive and control preschoolers on a new computerized measure of visual vigilance: The preschool vigilance task. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology and Allied Disciplines, 33, 1365—1372.
14.
Lerner, J.W., Lowenthal, B., & Lerner, S.R. (1995). Attention deficit disorders: Assessment and teaching. Pacific Grove, CABrookesCole.
15.
Loney, J. (1987). Hyperactivity and aggression in the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 10, 99— 135.
16.
Magnusson, D. (1988). Individual development from an interactional perspective: A longitudinal study. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
17.
Mash, E.J., & Johnston, C. (1982). A comparison of the mother-child interactions of younger and older hyperactive and normal children. Child Development, 53, 1371—1381.
18.
Moffitt, T. (1990). Juvenile delinquency and attention deficit disorder: Boys' developmental trajectories from age 3 to age 15. Child Development, 61, 893—910.
19.
Pope, A.W., Bierman, K.L., & Mumma, G.H. (1989). Relations between hyperactive and aggressive behavior and peer relations at three elementary grade levels. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 253—267.
20.
Routh, D.K., Schroeder, C.S., & O'Tuama, L. (1974). Development of activity level in children. Developmental Psychology, 10, 163—168.
21.
Rubin, K.H., & Clark, M.L. (1983). Preschool teachers' ratings of behavioral problems: Observational, sociometric, and social-cognitive correlates. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 273—286.
22.
Rutter, M. (1967). A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, 1—11.
23.
Sanson, A., Smart, D., Prior, M., & Oberklaid, F. (1993). Precursors of hyperactivity and aggression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 1207— 1216.
24.
Stormont, M. (1998). Family factors associated with externalizing disorders in preschoolers. Journal of Early Intervention, 21, 323—251
25.
Stormont-Spurgin, M., & Zentall, S.S. (1995). Contributing factors in the manifestation of aggression in preschoolers with hyperactivity. Journal of Child Psychology, Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 36, 491—509.
26.
Strassberg, Z., Dodge, K.A., Bates, J.E., & Pettit, G.S. (1992). The longitudinal relation between parental conflict strategies and children's sociometric standing in kindergarten. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 38, 477—493.
27.
Strayhorn, J.M., & Weidman, C.S. (1991). Follow-up one year after parent-child interacting training: Effects on behavior of preschool children. Journal of the American Academy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 138—143.
28.
Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R.E., Gagnon, C., & Pelletier, D. (1994). Predictive accuracy of behavioral and sociometric assessments of high-risk kindergarten children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23, 272—282.
29.
Weiss, G., & Hechtman, L. (1986). Hyperactive children grown up. New York: Guilford Press.
