International countertrade is an unconventional marketing strategy used widely to
promote global business transactions. A mail survey involving 108 countertrade
practitioners from 23 countries suggests that marketing motives influence the
importance of countertrade, frequency of countertrade use, firm-specific
longitudinal change in countertrade sales volume, and orientation towards
international countertrade.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlbaumGerald,
StrandskovJesper, DuerrEdwin, and DowdLaurence. International Marketing
and Export Management.Wokingham, England:
Addison-Wesley,
1989.
2.
ArmstrongJ. Scott, and
OvertonTerry S. “Estimating
Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys.” Journal of
Marketing Research14 (August 1977):
396–401.
3.
BatesConstance. “Are Companies
Ready for Countertrade?” International Marketing
Review3 (Summer 1986):
28–35.
4.
BilkeyWarren J., and
TesarGeorge. “The Export
Behavior of Smaller Sized Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms.”
Journal of International Business Studies8 (Spring/Summer 1977):
93–98.
5.
CannonHugh M., and
MorganFred. “A Strategic Pricing
Framework.” Journal of Services Marketing4 (Spring 1990):
19–29.
6.
CavusgilS. Tamer, and ZouShaoming. “Marketing
Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link in
Export Market Ventures.” Journal of
Marketing58 (January 1994):
1–21.
7.
ChoudhryYusuf A., McGeadyMary, and StiffRonald. “An Analysis of US
Firms Towards Countertrade.” Columbia Journal of
World Business24 (Summer 1989):
31–38.
8.
CookThomas D., and
CampbellDonald T.Quasi-Experimentation.Chicago: Rand
McNally, 1979.
9.
CzinkotaMichael R.Export Development Strategies: U. S. Promotion Policy.New York:
Praeger,
1982.
10.
CzinkotaMichael R.,
RonkainenIlkka A., and
MoffettMichael H.International Business.Fort Worth, TX: Dryden
Press, 1994.
11.
ForkerLaura B.Countertrade: Purchasing's Perceptions and Involvement.Tempe, AZ: The Center for
Advanced Purchasing Studies/The National Association of Purchasing
Management, Inc., 1991.
12.
HairJoseph F.,
AndersonRolph E., TathamRonald L., and
BlackWilliam C.Multivariate Data Analysis. 3d ed. New
York: Macmillan Publishing
Company, 1992.
13.
HammondGrant T.Countertrade, Offsets and Barter in International Political
Economy.New York: St. Martin's
Press, 1990.
14.
HennartJean-Francois. “The
Transaction-Cost Rationale for Countertrade.”
Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization5 (Spring 1989):
127–53.
15.
HuszaghSandra M., and
BarksdaleHiram C. “International
Barter and Countertrade: An Exploratory Study.”
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science14 (Spring 1986):
21–28.
16.
JohansonJ., and VahlneJ. “The
Internationalization Process of the Firm: A Model of Knowledge Development
and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments.” Journal
of International Business Studies8 (Spring/Summer 1977):
23–32.
17.
LecrawDonald J. “The Management
of Countertrade: Factors Influencing Success.”
Journal of International Business Studies20 (Spring 1989):
41–59.
18.
LockeE. A.LathamG. P., and ErezMiriam. “The Determinants
of Goal Commitment.” Academy of Management
Review13 (1988):
23–39.
19.
MirusRolf, and YeungBernard. “Economic
Incentives for Countertrade.” Journal of
International Business Studies17 (Fall 1986):
27–39.
20.
NealeC. W., and
ShipleyDavid. “Effects of
Countertrade-Divergent Perceptions Between Practitioners and
Non-Participants.” Journal of Management
Studies25 (January 1988):
57–71.
OkoroafoSam C. “An Application of
Bagozzi's Exchange Model to Integration of Countertrade
Research.” International Marketing Review9 (Winter 1992):
46–51.
23.
PaunDorothy, and
AlbaumGerald. “A Conceptual Model
of Seller and Buyer's Pricing Strategies in International
Countertrade.” Journal of Global Marketing7, no. 2 (1993):
75–95.
24.
PedhazurElazar J., and
SchmelkinLiora Pedhazur. Measurement,
Design, and Analysis.Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum, 1991.
25.
ReismanArnold, FuhDuu-Cheng, and LiGang. “Achieving an
Advantage With Countertrade.” Industrial Marketing
Management17 (February 1988):
55–63.
26.
SamieeSaeed. “Pricing in
Marketing Strategies of U.S.- and Foreign-Based Companies.”
Journal of Business Research15 (1987):
17–30.
27.
ShohamAviv, RoseGregory M., and
AlbaumGerald S. “Export Marketing
Motives and Psychological Distance, and the EPRG Framework.”
Journal of Global Marketing7, no. 4 (1994):
21–28.
28.
WeigandRobert E. “Barters and
Buy-Backs: Let Western Firms Beware!” Business
Horizons23 (June 1980):
54–61.
29.
WintersPatricia, and
HumeScott. “Pepsi, Coke: Art of
Deal-Making.” Advertising Age, 19 February
1990, 45.