Abstract
This article provides an analysis of a puzzling development among local governments in China: Climate change largely ignored as a problem in the past has suddenly become a high priority of provincial and prefectural governments. It is observed that the mandate from the central government, internalized needs, and the international market are three primary factors that transformed local governments' responses to climate change. Other factors, including the local impacts of climate change, capacity and awareness, and leadership and vision also contributed to the changes. Climate change can and should be further internalized as a priority issue for local governments. Clean development mechanism and other market mechanisms should also continue to be key elements of post-Kyoto proposals. The central government will remain the most important player directing national, regional, and local responses to climate change, but its role needs to be complemented with local initiatives.