This comprehensive review of Social Story™ literature included (a) a descriptive review, (b) an analysis of research quality, and (c) a meta-analysis using percentage of nonoverlapping data. In the review, 28 studies were included; 18 were included in the meta-analysis. Descriptive results highlighted information on participants, dependent variables, independent variables, and alignment with Social Stories standards. Analysis of research quality yielded strengths in participant description and selection of socially important dependent variables, whereas weaknesses were identified in data collection related to procedural reliability and social validity of procedures. Finally, percentage of nonoverlapping data ranged from 0 to 97.7%, with a median of 50%. Suggestions for future research, implications for practitioners, and limitations are provided.
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2.
*Agosta, E., Graetz, J.E., Mastropieri, M.A., & Scruggs, T.E. ( 2004). Teacher-researcher partnerships to improve social behavior through Social Stories. Intervention in School and Clinic , 39, 276-287.
3.
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*Barry, L.M., & Burlew, S.B. ( 2004). Using Social Stories to teach choice and play skills to children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 19, 45-51.
7.
*Bernad-Ripoll, S. ( 2007). Using a self-as-model video combined with Social Stories to help a child with Asperger syndrome understand emotions. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22, 100-106.
8.
*Bledsoe, R., Myles, B.S., & Simpson, R.L. ( 2003). Use of a Social Story intervention to improve mealtime skills of an adolescent with Asperger syndrome. Autism, 7, 289-295.
9.
*Brownell, M.D. ( 2002). Musically adapted Social Stories to modify behaviors in students in autism: Four case studies. Journal of Music Therapy, 39, 117-144.
10.
*Burke, R.V., Kuhn, B.R., & Peterson, J.L. (2004). Brief report: A "storybook" ending to children’s bedtime problems-The use of a rewarding Social Story to reduce bedtime resistance and frequent night waking. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29, 389-296.
11.
Busk, P.L., & Serlin, R.C. ( 1992). Meta-analysis for single-case research. In T. R. Kratochwill & J. R. Levin (Eds.), Single-case research design and analysis: New directions for psychology and education (pp. 187-212). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
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Chalk, M. ( 2003). Social Stories for adults with autism and learning difficulties . Good Autism Practice, 4(2), 3-7.
13.
Cook, B.G., Tankersley, M., & Landrum, T.J. ( 2009). Determining evidence-based practices in special education . Exceptional Children, 75, 365-383.
14.
*Crozier, S., & Tincani, M.C. ( 2005). Using a modified Social Story to decrease disruptive behavior of a child with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 20, 150-157.
15.
*Crozier, S., & Tincani, M. ( 2007). Effects of Social Stories on prosocial behavior of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1803-1814.
16.
*Delano, M., & Snell, M.E. ( 2006). The effects of Social Stories on the social engagement of children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions , 8, 29-42.
17.
*Dodd, S., Hupp, S.D.A., Jewell, J.D., & Krohn, E. ( 2008). Using parents and siblings during a Social Story intervention for two children diagnosed with PDD-NOS. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 20, 217-229.
18.
Erangey, G. ( 2001). Using Social Stories as a parent of a child with an ASD . Good Autism Practice, 2(1), 26-28.
19.
Gray, C.A. ( 1995). Teaching children with autism to read social situations . In K. A. Quill (Ed.), Teaching children with autism (pp. 219-241). New York: Delmar.
20.
Gray, C.A. ( 1998). Social Stories and comic strip conversations with students with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. In E. Schopler, G. B. Mesibov, & L. J. Kunce (Eds.), Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism? (pp. 167-198). New York: Plenum.
21.
Gray, C.A. ( 2000). Writing Social Stories with Carol Gray. Arlington, TX: Future Horizons.
22.
Gray, C. ( 2004). Social Stories™ 10.0: The new defining criteria and guidelines. Jenison Autism Journal, 15(4), 2-21.
23.
Gray, C.A., & Garand, J.D. ( 1993). Social Stories: Improving responses of students with autism with accurate social information. Focus on Autistic Behavior, 8(1), 3-10.
24.
*Haggerty, N.K., Black, R.S., & Smith, G.J. ( 2005). Increasing self-managed coping skills through Social Stories and apron storytelling. TEACHING Exceptional Children , 37(4), 40-47.
25.
*Hagiwara, T., & Myles, B.S. ( 1999). A multimedia Social Story intervention: Teaching skills to children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 14, 82-95.
26.
Horner, R.H., Carr, E.G., Halle, J., McGee, G., Odom, S., & Wolery, M. ( 2005). The use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education. Exceptional Children, 71, 165-179.
27.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997, P.L. 105-17 , 20 U.S.C. §§ 1400 et seq (1997).
28.
*Ivey, M.L., Heflin, J., & Alberto, P. ( 2004). The use of Social Stories to promote independent behaviors in novel events for children with PDD-NOS. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 19, 164-176.
29.
Jensen, W.R., Clark, E., Kircher, J.C., & Kristjansson, S.D. (2007). Statistical reform: Evidence-based practice, meta-analyses, and single subject designs. Psychology in the Schools, 44, 483-493.
30.
*Kuoch, H., & Mirenda, P. ( 2003). Social Story interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 18, 219-227.
31.
*Kuttler, S., Myles, B.S., & Carlson, J.K. ( 1998). The use of Social Stories to reduce precursors to tantrum behavior in a student with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 13, 176-182.
32.
*Lorimer, P.A., Simpson, R.L., Myles, B.S., & Ganz, J.B. ( 2002). The use of Social Stories as a preventative behavioral intervention in a home setting with a child with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4, 53-60.
33.
*Marr, D., Mika, H., Miraglia, J., Roerig, M., & Sinnotta, R. ( 2007). The effect of sensory stories on targeted behaviors in preschool children with autism. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 27, 63-79.
34.
Nichols, S., Hupp, S.D.A., Jewell, J.D., & Zeigler, C.S. ( 2005). Review of Social Story interventions for children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Evidence-Based Practices for Schools, 6, 90-120.
35.
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, P.L. 107-110, 115 Stat. 1425, 20 U.S.C. §§ 6301 et seq (2001).
36.
*Norris, C., & Dattilo, J. ( 1999). Evaluating effects of a Social Story intervention on a young girl with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 14, 180-186.
37.
Parker, R.I., Hagan-Burke, S., & Vannest, K. ( 2007). Percentage of all non-overlapping data (PAND): An alternative to PND. The Journal of Special Education, 40, 194-204.
38.
*Pasiali, V. ( 2004). The use of prescriptive therapeutic songs in a home-based environment to promote social skills acquisition by children with autism: Three case studies. Music Therapy Perspectives, 22, 11-22.
39.
*Quilty, K.M. ( 2007). Teaching paraprofessionals how to write and implement Social Stories for students with autism spectrum disorders. Remedial and Special Education, 28, 182-189.
40.
Reynhout, G., & Carter, M. ( 2006). Social Stories for children with disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 445-469.
41.
Rogers, M.F., & Myles, B.S. ( 2001). Using Social Stories and comic strip conversations to interpret social situations for an adolescent with Asperger Syndrome. Intervention in School and Clinic, 36, 310-313.
42.
Rust, J., & Smith, A. ( 2006). How should the effectiveness of Social Stories to modify the behaviour of children on the autistic spectrum be tested? Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 10, 125-138.
43.
*Sansosti, F.J., & Powell-Smith, K.A. (2006). Using Social Stories to improve the social behavior of children with Asperger syndrome. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 8, 43-57.
44.
Sansosti, F.J., Powell-Smith, K.A., & Kincaid, D. ( 2004). A research synthesis of Social Story interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 19, 194-204.
45.
*Scattone, D., Tingstrom, D., & Wilczynski, S. (2006). Increasing appropriate social interactions of children with autism spectrum disorders using Social Stories. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities , 21, 211-222.
46.
*Scattone, D., Wilczynski, S.M., Edwards, R.P., & Rabian, B. ( 2002). Decreasing disruptive behaviors of children with autism using Social Stories. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 535-543.
47.
Scruggs, T.E., & Mastropieri, M.A. (2001). How to summarize single participant research: Ideas and applications. Exceptionality , 9, 227-244.
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Simpson, R.L. ( 2005). Evidence-based practices and students with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities , 20, 140-149.
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*Soenksen, D., & Alper, S. ( 2006). Teaching a young child to appropriately gain attention of peers using a Social Story intervention. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 21, 36-44.
50.
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*Swaggart, B., Gagnon, E., Bock, S.J., Earles, T.L., Quinn, C., Myles, B.S., et al. (1995). Using Social Stories to teach social and behavioral skills to children with autism. Focus on Autistic Behavior, 10(1), 1-16.
52.
*Thiemann, K.S., & Goldstein, H. ( 2001). Social Stories, written text cues, and video feedback: Effects on social communication of children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34, 425-446.
53.
*Toplis, R., & Hadwin, J.A. ( 2006). Using Social Stories to change problematic behavior in school. Educational Psychology in Practice, 22, 53-67.
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