The nature of the State and the tendencies of accumulation and legitimation are crucial to understanding the official response to the Aboriginal Land Rights demand. Land Rights has been made negotiable and the struggle for Land Rights now runs through the material relations of the State. A political struggle exists around the discourse which contains arguments for and against Land Rights. This is represented principally between the Federal Government ranged against Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory and takes the form of a struggle over the content of what is to be signified as racist. This discourse breaks down and exposes the the class nature of the State when it is confronted with a threat to the reproduction of major accumulation conditions. This creates legitimacy problems. The Noonkanbah dispute in Western Australia in 1980 and the present moves to de-gazette Queensland's Aboriginal Reserves are two examples of this.
References
1.
Aboriginal Development Commission. (1982a), Annual Report 1980-81Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service.
2.
Aboriginal Development Commission. (1982b), The First Year, Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service.
3.
Aboriginal Land Fund Commission. (1978), Annual Report 1977-78, Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service.
4.
Bayne, P. (1981), 'The Makarrata: Legal Aspects', paper presented at Australasian Political Studies Association 23rd Annual Conference, 28-30 August 1981, Canberra.
5.
Beckett, J. (1977), 'The Torres Strait Islanders and the pearling industry; a case of internal colonialism', Aboriginal History, 1, 27-5.
6.
Blainey, G. (1975), Triumph of the Nomads: a history of ancient Australia , Melbourne, Macmillan.
7.
Broom, L. (1970), 'Educational Status of Aborigines', The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 6, 2, 150-156.
8.
— (1971), 'Workforce and Occupational Statuses of Aborigines' , The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology , 7, 1, 21-34.
9.
Came, D. (1980), Land Rights: A Christian Perspective , Sydney, Alternatives Publishing Co-op Limited.
10.
Connell, R.W. and T. Irving, (1980), Class Structure in Australian History , Melbourne, Longman and Cheshire.
11.
Coombs, H.C. (1978), Kulinma: Listening to Aboriginal Australians , Canberra, Australian National University Press.
12.
Cordero, C. and C. Jennett, (1980). 'Social Scientists and Social Movement', The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology , 16, 1, 38-47.
13.
Curthoys, A. and A. Markus, (eds). (1978), Who Are Our Enemies?Sydney, Hale and Iremonger.
14.
Department of Aboriginal Affairs. (1979), Annual Report 1978/79, Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service.
15.
Dagmar, H. (1978), 'Marginal Australians: A Prelude to Political Involvement', in M.C. Howard (ed.), Whitefella Business: Aborigines in Australian Politics, Philadelphia , Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 125-146.
16.
Department of Aboriginal and Islanders Advancement. (1976), Annual Report, Brisbane , Government Printer.
17.
— (1978), Annual Report, Brisbane , Government Printer.
18.
Duncan, L.S.W. (1976), 'Book Review: Vote Ferguson for Aboriginal Freedom ' by Jack Horner, Australian and New Zealand Book Company , Sydney, 1971, Mankind, 10, 2, 193.
19.
Edgar, D. (1980), Introduction to Australian Society: A Sociological Perspective, Melbourne, Prentice-Hall.
20.
Evans, R., K. Saunders and K. Cronin, (1975), Exclusion, exploitation and extermination: race relations in colonial Queensland, Sydney, Australian and New Zealand Book Company.
21.
Foley, M. (1981), 'From Protectionism, to Laissez-faire: Prospects for Legislation and Social Policy affecting Queensland Aborigines and Islanders' , Social Alternatives, 2, 2, 37-42.
22.
Grimshaw, P. (1981), 'Aboriginal Women: a study of culture contact,' in N. Grieve and P. Grimshaw (eds), Australian Women: Feminist Perspective, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 86-94.
23.
Guthie, G. (1977), 'Images of Aborigines', The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 13, 1, 69-75.
24.
Habermas, J. (1975), Legitimation Crisis, Boston, Beacon Press.
25.
Hamilton, A. (1981), 'A complex strategical situation: gender and power in Aboriginal Australia', in N. Grieve and P. Grimshaw (eds), Australian Women: Feminist Perspective, Melbourne , Oxford University Press, 69-85.
26.
Harris, S. (1979), It's coming Yet, Canberra, Aboriginal Treaty Committee.
27.
Hartwig, M. (1978), 'Capitalism and Aborigines: The Theory of Internal Colonialism and its Rivals', in E. L. Wheelwright and K. Buckley (eds), Essays in the Political Economy of Australian Capitalism , Vol., 3, Sydney , Australian and New Zealand Book Comppany, 119-141.
28.
Heatley, A. (1980), 'Aboriginal Land Rights in the Northern Territory' , in R. Scott (ed.), Interest Groups and Public Policy , Melbourne, Macmillan , 37-69.
29.
Jessop, B. (1979), 'Recent Theories of the Capitalist State', Australian Left Review, 68, 19-36.
30.
Keon-Cohen, B.A. (1980), 'Aboriginal Land Rights in Australia: Beyond the Legislative Limits?', in R. Tomasic (ed.), Legislation and Society in Australia, Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 382-415.
31.
Kirk, M. (1981) Aboriginal Land Rights in the Northern Territory , (pamphlet), Canberra, Aboriginal Treaty Committee.
32.
Laclau, E. (1977), Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory , London, NLB.
33.
Lepervanche, M. de (1980), 'From Race to Ethnicity', The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 16, 1, 24-37.
34.
Lippman, L. (1975), 'Aboriginal Education', The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 11, 2, 13-19.
35.
—— (1981), Generations of Resistance, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire.
36.
Loos, N. (1982), Invasion and Resistance: Aboriginal Relations on the North Queensland Frontier 1861-1897, Canberra , Australian National University Press.
37.
McGrath, A. (1981), 'Spinifex Fairies: Aboriginal Workers in the Northern Territory', in E. Windschuttle (ed), Women, Class and History: Feminist Perspective on Australia 1788-1978, SydneyFontana Books, 237-267.
38.
McQueen, H. (1971), A New Brittania, Melbourne , Penguin.
39.
Middleton, H. (1977), But Now We Want the Land Back, Sydney, New Age.
40.
New South Wales Select Committee of the Legislative Assembly on Aborigines (1980), First Report , Sydney, Government Printer.
41.
New South Wales Select Committee of the Legislative Assembly on Aborigines (1981), Second Report , SydneyGovernment Printer.
42.
North Queensland Council. (1981), Messagestick, May.
43.
O'Connor, J. (1973a), The Fiscal Crisis of the State, New York, St. Martin's Press.
44.
— (1973b), 'Summary of the Theory of the Fiscal Crisis' , Kapitalistate, 1, 79-83.
45.
Offe, C. (1974), 'Structural Problems of the Capitalist State: Class Rule and Political System. On the Selectiveness of Political Institutions' , in K. von Beyme (ed.), German Political Studies , Vol., 1, London, Sage, 31-57.
46.
— (1976), 'Political Authority and Class Structures', in P. Connerton (ed.), Critical Sociology, England, Penguin, 388-421.
47.
O'Malley, P. (1980), 'Theories of Structure Versus Causal Determination: Accounting for Legislative Change in Capitalist Societies', in R. Tomasic (ed.), Legislation and Society in Australia , Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 50-65.
48.
Parsons, D. (1978), 'Inside The Ranger Negotiations', Arena, 51, 134-143.
49.
Peterson, N. (1980), 'Land Rights in the Northern Territory of Australia' , unpublished paper.
50.
—— (ed.), (1981), Aboriginal Land Rights—a handbook , Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
51.
Poulantzas, N. (1978), State, Power, Socialism, London, NLB.
52.
Public Service Board. (1978), Employment of Aboriginals in the Public Service, Canberra, Planning and Statistical Services Section.
53.
Reece, B. (1980), 'Ethnic Politics', paper presented at Australasian Political Studies Association 22 Annual Conference, 27-29 August, Australian National University.
54.
Reynolds, H. (1981), The Other Side of the Frontier, Townsville, James Cook University of North Queensland.
55.
Roberts, J. (1978), From Massacres to Mining, London, CIMRA War on Want.
56.
Robinson, F. and B. York, (1977), The Black Resistance, Victoria, Widescope.
57.
Rowley, C.D. (1970), The Destruction of Aboriginal Society: Aboriginal Policy Practice, Vol., 1, Canberra, Australian National University Press.
58.
—— (1971a), Outcasts in White Australia: Aboriginal Policy and Practice Vol., 2, Canberra, Australian National University Press.
59.
—— (1971b), The Remote Aborigines: Aboriginal Policy and Practice, Canberra, Australian National University Press.
60.
—— (1980), 'Aboriginals and the Australian Political System' , Politics, 14, 2, 232-248.
61.
—— (1981), A Matter of Justice, Canberra, Australian National University Press.
62.
Ryan, L. (1981), The Aboriginal Tasmanians, Brisbane, University of Queensland Press.
63.
San Francisco Bay Area Kapitalistate Group. ( 1975), 'The Fiscal Crisis of the State: A Review', Kapitalistate, 3, 149-157.
64.
—— (1978), 'Review of Alan Wolfe, the Limits of Legitimacy' , Kapitistate, 7, 107-126.
65.
Shea, L. (1978), 'Aurukun: Local Government as Expropriation', Arena, 51, 9-11.
66.
Stanner, W.E.H. (1976), 'Aborigines and Australian Society', Mankind, 10, 4, 201-212.
67.
Stevens, F. (1980), The Politics of Prejudice, Sydney, Alternatives Publishing Co-operative Limited.
68.
— (1981), Black Australia, Sydney , AURA Press.
69.
Tatz, C. (1979), Race Politics in Australia, Armidale, University of New Zealand Publishing Unit.
70.
— (1980), 'Aboriginality as civilisation', The Australian Quarterly, Spring, 352-362.
71.
Theophanous, A.C. (1980), Australian Democracy in Crisis, Melbourne, Oxford University Press.
72.
Therbom, G. (1978), What Does the Ruling Class Do When It Rules?London, NLB.
73.
Wild, R.A. (1978), Social Stratification in Australia , Sydney, Allen and Unwin.
74.
Newspapers Consulted Adelaide Advertiser; Age; Australian; Canberra Times; Central Advocate; Courier Mail; Financial Review; National Times; Northern Territory News; Sydney Morning Herald; West Australian.
75.
Other Sources: ABC News; P. Baume, Addresses to Young Liberal's Annual Convention , 1 August 1981, Hansard, Senate and House of Representatives.
