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informed actors offering non-binding advice to the EP plenary. Expert committees and
the Council presidency play a similar role in the Council. Compared with rapporteurs
from parties not represented in the Council, EP rapporteurs from parties represented
in the Council may incur lower costs in coordinating their proposals with the
informed actors in the Council. If this is the case, they should be more interested
in writing Codecision reports than are MEPs from parties not represented in the
Council. This possibility is investigated using a data set consisting of all
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