Medical Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure

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van Vliet AA , Hackeng WH , Donker AJM . Efficacy of low-dose captopril in addition to fursemode and spironolactone in patients with decompensated liver disease during blunted diuresis. J Hepatol 1992; 15:40–7.

Levine B , Kalman J , Mayer L . Elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor in congestive heart failure. N Eng J Med 1990; 323:236–41.

MERIT-HF study group. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353:2001–7.

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Kalman J , Levy DK , Mannino MM . Should low blood pressure preclude initiation of beta blocker therapy in congestive heart failure? J Am Coll Cardiol 1997. 29 (supplemen A):284A.

Hamroff G , Katz SD , Mancini D . Addition of angiotensin II receptor blockade to maximal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves exercise capacity in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Circulation 1999; 99:990–2.