SEVERING THE LINK BETWEEN MMR AND AUTISM

1 Chakrabarti S Frombonne E. Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. JAMA 2001; 285:3093–9.

2Public Health Institute of Scotland. Autistic Spectrum Disorders: Needs Assessment Report. Glasgow: NHS Scotland (www.show.scot.nhs.uk/PHIS); 2001.

3Medical Research Council. Review of Autism Research: Epidemiology and Causes. London: Medical Research Council (www.mrc.ac.uk); 2001.

4 Baird G T Charmin Cox A Screening and surveillance for autism and pervasive developmental disorders. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84:468–76.

5 Osterling J Dawson G. Early recognition of children with autism: a study of first birthday home video tapes. J Aut Dev Dis 1994; 24:247–57.

6 Howlin P. Practitioner Review: Psychological and Educational Treatments for Autism. J Child Psychol Psych 1998; 39:307–22.

7 LeCouteur A. Autism Diagnostic Interview: a standardised investigator-based instrument. J Aut Dev Dis 1989; 19:363–87.

8 Happe F. An advanced test of theory of mind. Understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings in able, autistic, mentally handicapped and normal children and adults. J Aut Dev Dis 1994; 24:129–54.

9 Wakefield AJ SH Merk Linnell J Ileal-lymphoidnodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet 1998; 351:637–41.

10 Miller D N Madge Diamond J Pertussis immunisation in serious acute neurological illnesses in children. BMJ 1993; 307:1171–6.

11 Uhlmann V CM Martin Shiels O Potential viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel disease. Mol Path 2002; 55:84–90.

12 Morris A Aldulaimai D. New evidence for a viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel disease and development disorder? Mol Path 2002; 55:83.

13 Ghosh S Armitage E. Detection of persistent measles virus infection in Crohn’s disease: current status of experimental work. Gut 2001; 48:748–52.

14 Reichelt KL AM Knivsberg Lindt G Probable aetiology and possible treatment of childhood autism. Brain Dys 1991; 4:308–19.

15 Reichelt WH AM Knivsberg Nodland M Urinary peptide levels and patterns in autistic children from seven countries and the effect of dietary intervention after four years. Dev Brain Dys 1997; 10:44–55.

16 Reichelt WH M Stenstrud Reichelt KL. Peptide excretion in coeliac disease. J Paed Gastro Nutr 1998; 26:305–09.

17 Shattock P A Kennedy Raoul F Role of Neuropeptides in autism and their relationships with classical neurotransmitters. Brain Dys 1990; 3:328–45.

18 Knivsberg AM K Wirg Lind G Dietary intervention in autistic syndromes. Brain Dys 1990; 3:315–27.

19 Reichelt KL J Echrem Scott H. Gluten milk proteins in autism. Dietary intervention effects on behaviour and peptide secretion. J Appl Nutr 1990; 42:1–11.

20 Accardo P. Zebra’s in the living room: The changing face of autism. J Paed 1999; 135:533–4.

21 McCarthy DM Coleman M. Response of intestinal mucosa to gluten challenge in autistic subjects. Lancet 1979; 2:877–8.

22 Zang J G Rivers Pacer J Analysis of compounds in the urine of children with autism using HPLC mass spectrometry. J Paed Gastro Nutr 2002; 3:S32.

23 Hunter LC A O’Hare Heron WJ Opioid peptides and dipeptidyl peptidase (DDPIV) in autism. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002; 43:17–18.

24 Sher L. Autistic disorder and the endogenous opioid system. Med Hypoth 1997; 48:413–4.

25 Farrington CP E Miller MMR Taylor B. and Autism: Further evidence against a causal association. Vaccine 2001; 19:3632–5.

26 Peltola H A Patja Leinikki P No evidence for measles, mumps and rubella vaccine associated with inflammatory bowel disease or autism in a 14-year prospective study. Lancet 1998; 351:1327–8.

27 Dales L SJ Hammer Smith NJ. Time trends in autism and in MMR immunisation coverage in California. JAMA 2001; 285:1183–5.

28 Kaye JA del Mar Melero-Montes M Jick H. Measles mumps and rubella vaccine and the instance of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis. BMJ 2001; 322:460–4.

29 Elliman DA Bedford HE. MMR Vaccine: Worries are not justified. Arch Dis Child 2001; 85:271–5.

30Committee for the Safety of Medicines. ‘MMR Vaccine: the facts.’ London: Medicines Control Agency; 2001; 27:1–3.

31 Taylor B E Miller Farrington CP Autism in measles mumps and rubella vaccine: No epidemiological evidence for a causal association. Lancet 1999; 353:2026–9.

32 Smeeth L AJ Hall Fombonne E A case control study of autism and mumps, measles rubella vaccination using the general practice research database designer methodology. BMC Public Health 2001; 1:2.

33 DeWilde S IM Carey Richards N Do children who become autistic consult more often after MMR vaccination? B J Gen Pract 2001; 51:226–7.

34 Hall D. MMR vaccine controversy. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health Newsletter March 2002; 1.

35NHS Scotland. The MMR Discussion Pack and Information Guide for Health Professionals and Parents. Edinburgh: Health Education Board for Scotland; 2001.

36SCIEH Weekly Report. Measles outbreak in Europe. 2000; 34:17.

37 Mayor S. MMR Advocate wants to give parents the choice. BMJ 2002; 324:118.

38 Heller T. Vaccination against mumps, measles and rubella: Is there a case for deepening the debate? BMJ 2001; 323:838–40.

39 Aston R. Who wouldn’t protect children? Pract 1998; 242:503.

40 Aston R. Vaccination. Pract 1998; 242:524–6.

41Scottish Health Education Group. Measles, Mumps and Rubella Immunisation: Guidelines for Doctors and Health Visitors.

42Private Eye Special Report. MMR: Measles, Mumps, Rubella: the story so far. This Private Eye Special Report looks at the evidence and reports on the intransigence of the government and the pharmaceutical companies when faced with it, London: Private Eye; 2002. (Information taken from a flier in a daily newspaper.)

43 Jefferson T. Vaccination and its adverse affects: real or perceived. BMJ. 1998; 317:159–60

44 Smith R. The Discomfort of Patient Power. BMJ 2002; 324:497–8.