WilkinsonJ. The medical history of Martin Luther. Proc R Coll Physicians Edinb1996; 26:115–34.
2.
WilkinsonJ. The medical history of John Calvin. Proc R Coll Physicians Edinb1992; 22:36883.
3.
There have been several editions of Knox's History of the Reformation including those by David Buchanan (1644), David Laing (1864) and William Croft Dickinson (1949).
4.
DickinsonWC. A new history of Scotland. London: Thomas Nelson, 1961; 1:319, n.2.
5.
Dickinson. 1: xciii-xcv. Both Richard Bannatyne, Knox's secretary, and David Buchanan, the editor of the 1644 edition of Knox's History of the Reformation (Edinburgh: Robert Bryson), have been suggested as the author, but both are excluded on the grounds of the style of writing of the Book. See Works 2:468.
6.
Works 6: 645–60. The introduction to this account states that it was ‘drawn up by a pious and learned man, who sat by Knox during his sickness until his latest breath’ (649). Laing believed that this man was James Lawson, Knox's colleague at St Giles (648). The English translation of the Latin text of this account was published in 1802, probably the work of Thomas McCrie, Knox's biographer (646).
7.
This statement about John Knox's lineal connection with the Renfrewshire family of Knox was first made in print by David Buchanan in the account of The life and death of John Knox which he prefixed to his edition of Knox's History of the Reformation (Edinburgh: Robert Bryson, 1644). The statement will be found on page ii of the 1732 edition. Although McCrie accepts it on the first page of his biography of Knox, Hume Brown (1:5) dismisses it as lacking evidence and not worth serious consideration.
8.
JamiesonJH. John Knox and East Lothian. Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian and Field Naturalist Society1938; 3:51.
9.
Ridley14.
10.
Brown 1:4, n.2.
11.
Brown 1:10.
12.
To a letter written by Knox to Mrs Janet Adamson and Mrs Janet Henderson from Lyons in 1557 (Letter XXXV), an early annotator added the following comment after Knox's signature as John Sinclair: ‘This was his mother's surname which he wrote in time of trouble'. See Works 4: 225,245.
13.
Brown 1:8, n.1.
14.
Brown 1:8.
15.
Brown 1:5. See also Works 2:323, Dickinson 2:38.
16.
Works 6: xvi; Ridley 13. See also Whitley 17: ‘We hear of no younger brothers and sisters, which strengthens the possibility that it was the father who was killed at Flodden'.
17.
AndersonJM. New light on John Knox. Edinburgh: Miniprint Publishers, 1979; second edition, 1.
18.
Ibid.3.
19.
Works 6:lxxv.
20.
Works 6:lxxv-lxxviii. See also Crawford W. Knox genealogy. Edinburgh: GP Johnstone, 1896; Appendix II: The descendants of William Knox.
21.
SpottiswoodeJ. History of the Church of Scotland. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club, 1850; 2:180.
22.
Cowan 22, n. 1. On the date of Knox's birth see Fleming DH in The Scotsman of 27 May 1904 and The Bookman of 1905. For a more recent detailed discussion see Ridley 531–4: Appendix I. The date of Knox's birth.
23.
Percy9.
24.
Brown 1:10.
25.
Sinclair J (ed). The statistical account of Scotland 1773–1794. Wakefield: EP Publishing Ltd, 1975; vol.2, The Lothians: section vi, 504. This is a reissue of the original edition of this volume published in1791.
26.
JamiesonJH. John Knox and East Lothian. Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian and Field Naturalist Society1938; 3: 63–5. See also Cowan 25–9. Cowan includes a photograph of the site with the tree, opposite p24 of his book. Jane Welsh Carlyle is buried in the ruined choir of St Mary's Church, Haddington.
27.
Ridley15.
28.
Brown 1:1819.
29.
Ridley15.
30.
McCrie 2; Brown 1:20; Ridley 535: Appendix II. Knox's University.
31.
Works 1:555–8: Appendix XIV. On the title of Sir, applied to priests. See also Brown 1:59; Dickinson 1:xxxii, n.2. Examples of papal knights are found in Shakespeare's plays, e.g. Sir Oliver Martext, the vicar in As you like it and Sir Nathaniel, the verbose curate in Love's labour's lost.
32.
Ridley 17. However, Dickinson says ‘he does not appear to have taken a degree’ (1:xxxii). The records of St Andrews University show that this was not uncommon at this time. Thus from 1513 to 1579, out of 1000 students each year, an average of only 26 took an ordinary degree and only 10 took a master's degree. See Anderson JM op. cit.2.
33.
Ridley 17; Beza. Icones Geneva: 1580; Sig. Ee3. See McCrie, Icones 227–32. Knox's portrait is opposite p227. See also Reference 74 below.
34.
Brown 1:29.
35.
HewatK. Makers of the Scottish Church at the Reformation. Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace, 1920; 17. ‘In language and in style the History is a masterpiece, written by a man who could marshal words to meet his mood': Dickinson 1:lxxix. Knox has been described as ‘the first, almost the only, great prose writer in the vernacular’ by Aeneas Mackay in the Dictionary of national biography, edited by Sidney Lee. London: Smith, Elder & Co, 1892; 31:308; art., Knox J.
36.
Hewat op. cit.16.
37.
Works 2:334; Dickinson 2:46; McCrie236.
38.
InnesAT. John KnoxEdinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier1896; 145.
39.
McCrie8.
40.
Whitley 18. The church was called the Lamp of Lothian (Lucerna Laudoniae) because when its lofty choir was lit up at night, it could be seen for miles around. See Miller J. The Lamp of Lothian or the history of Haddington. Haddington: James Allan, 1844;384.
41.
Ridley17–18.
42.
Works 1:185–6; Dickinson 1:82; Ridley26.
43.
Works 1:95; Dickinson 1:42; Cowan 53; Ridley31.
44.
CalderwoodD. History of the Kirk of Scotland. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society, 1842; 1:155–6. This work was originally written around1650.
45.
Works 1:125; Dickinson 1:60.
46.
Cowan 56–60; Percy20.
47.
Works 1:137; Dickinson 1:67.
48.
Whitley23.
49.
Works 1:185; Dickinson 1:81–2.
50.
Brown 1:81.
51.
Reid 55–7. See also Marteilhe J. Memoirs of a Protestant condemned to the galleys of France for his religion. Translated by Oliver Goldsmith. London: Religious Tract Society, 1866. The original French edition of this book was published in1704.
52.
Works 6:104. Letter XLVII: Knox to Mrs Anna Locke from St Andrews dated 31 December 1559. See also Brown 2:66.
53.
Works 3:8. Epistle of Knox to the congregation of the Castle of St Andrews1548.
54.
Ridley67.
55.
This attack of fever appears to have occurred when Knox's galley was lying off the Scottish coast between Dundee and St Andrews on the second occasion on which the galleys returned to Scotland. See Works 1:228; Dickinson 1:109; McCrie 43; Brown 1:85.
56.
Brown 1:80; Cowan81.
57.
Macmillan D. John Knox: a biography. London: Andrew Melrose, 1905;37.
58.
Whitley48.
59.
Works 3:376. Letter XVII: Knox to Mrs Bowes probably from London dated 20 September 1553. In the same year, Knox addresses a letter from Newcastle to ‘Dear mother and spouse'. See Works 3:369. Letter XV: Knox to Mrs Bowes dated January1553.
60.
Cowan 134; Ridley1403.
61.
Johannes Calvini Opera. Brunswick: Schwelschke 1863–1900; 18:cols. 433–4. Letter 3377: Calvin to Knox dated 23 April 1561. English translation in Works 6:123–4.
62.
Ibid. cols. 434–6. Letter 3378: Calvin to Goodman of the same date. English translation in Works 6:125. Knox himself in his will drawn up on 13 May 1572, spoke of Marjory as ‘the dearest mother.of blessed memory’ of his two sons, Nathaniel and Eleazar (Works 6: lvi-lvii).
63.
Works 6:lxiii; Cowan391.
64.
Crawford W. Knox genealogy. Edinburgh: GP Johnstone, 1896;3.
65.
Works 2:138; Dickinson 1:351.
66.
Ridley143.
67.
Works 6:533. Letter LXXIII: Thomas Randolph to Sir William Cecil from Edinburgh dated 18 March 1564. By this the Queen meant that Margaret was of the royal House of Stewart.
68.
Brown 1:85. See also Smeton 649. Smeton speaks of Knox having ‘a frail and weak body', but this is a description of Knox in his old age, not very long before his death.
69.
Ridley68.
70.
Reid32.
71.
Brown 2:322–4. Brown gives the original Latin version of the letter.
72.
Dickinson 1:lxxxvii.
73.
Whitley 29; Brown 2:3204; Ridley, Frontispiece. See Carruthers W. On the genuine and spurious portraits of Knox. United Free Church Magazine May 1906;16–21.
74.
McCrie120.
75.
McCrie43.
76.
Ridley 103. See note on the sweating sickness in Wilkinson J. The medical history of Martin Luther. Proc R Coll Physicians Edinb 1996; 26:132, n.52.
77.
Works 3:167, n.2. A Godly Letter to the Faithfull in London, Newcastle & Berwick, dated1554.
78.
Works 6:77. Letter XXXIV: Knox to Mrs Anna Locke from St Andrews dated 2 September 1559. See also McCrie173.
79.
Works 3:90. A Confession and Declaration of Prayer dated in the month of July 1552; Works 3:364. Letter XI: Knox to Mrs Bowes from Newcastle dated 23 March 1553. See also McCrie 59; Ridley152.
80.
Works 3:351. Letter IV: Knox to Mrs Bowes from Newcastle during1553.
81.
Reid75.
82.
MacCunnFA. John Knox. London: Methuen, 1895; 13.
83.
WilkinsonJ. The medical history of Martin Luther. Proc R Coll Physicians Edinb1996; 26:124–5.
84.
Johannes Calvini Opera. Brunswick: Schwelschke 1863–1900; 20: col. 34. Letter 3961: Calvin to Margaret, Queen of Navarre, dated 1 June 1563. This letter was written in French.
85.
Works 2:403–21; Dickinson 2:93–100.
86.
Works 3:364. Letter XI: Knox to Mrs Bowes from Newcastle dated 23 March1553.
87.
Works 6:77. Letter XXXIV: Knox to Mrs Anna Locke from St Andrews dated 2 September 1559. See McCrie173.
88.
Works 6:88. Letter XXXVIII: Knox to Gregory Raylton from Edinburgh dated midnight of 23 October1559.
89.
Ridley105.
90.
Brown 1:151.
91.
Brown 2:253.
92.
Bannatyne 62; McCrie 314. The word ‘resolution’ used by Bannatyne is from the Latin verb resoluo, to loosen, which in medical authors was used to denote paralysis. See Celsus, De Medicina 3:27, 1A (Loeb edition 1:345).
93.
Works 6:479. Title page to An Answer to the Letter of James Tyrie, a Scottish Jesuit. This was originally written in 1565 but was revised in 1572, as Knox tells Sir John Wishart of Pittarrow in his letter of 19 July of that year (Works 6:617). The note thus dates from1572.
94.
Bannatyne62.
95.
McCrie, Icones230.
96.
McCrie333.
97.
Works 6:569. Letter LXXXVIII: Knox to Sir William Cecil from Edinburgh dated 2 January1569.
98.
Works 6:482. Preface to An Answer to the Letter of James Tyrie, a Scottish Jesuit,1572.
99.
Works 6:616. Letter CI: Knox to Sir James Douglas of Drumlanrig from St Andrews dated 26 May 1572. See also Brown 2:274.
100.
Works 6:lv. Knox's Last Will and Testament. See also McCrie499.
101.
Bannatyne 62; McCrie319.
102.
Melville 26; Brown 2:266, n.1.
103.
Works 6:604–5. Letter XCVII: Knox to the General Assembly at Stirling written from St Andrews and dated 3 August1571.
104.
Bannatyne 255; Melville21.
105.
PitcairnR (ed).The autobiography and diary of Mr James Melville. Edinburgh: The Wodrow Society 1842; i-lxiv. This is a short biography of Melville prefixed to the book by the editor.
106.
Melville 26; Dickinson 1:lxvi.
107.
Melville21.
108.
See Reference 100 above.
109.
Dickinson 1:lxvi-lxvii; Works 6:617. Letter CII: Knox to Sir John Wishart of Pittarrow from St Andrews dated 19 July1572.
110.
Works 6:473–520. An Answer to a Letter written by James Tyrie, A Scottish Jesuit,1572.
111.
This house is on the north side of the High Street about a quarter of a mile down from St Giles. It was allocated to Knox by the Town Council which was responsible for his accommodation. Its owner was James Mosman, a goldsmith, whose father had made the crown for Mary of Guise-Lorraine when she became the queen of James V in 1538. Mosman, being a supporter of Mary, Queen of Scots, had removed to the security of the Castle, leaving the house at the disposal of the Council. See Brown 2:315–19; Cowan383–90.
112.
Bannatyne 263. See Lees JC. St Giles', Edinburgh: church, college & cathedral. Edinburgh: W & R Chambers 1889; 157–8 and Dunlop AI. The kirks of Edinburgh 15601984. Edinburgh: Scottish Record Society, 1988; 1. See also Works 6:631, n.2.
113.
Works 6:633. Letter CVIII: Sir Henry Killigrew to Lord Burghley (William Cecil) and Robert, Earl of Leicester, from Edinburgh dated 6 October1572.
114.
Smeton 654; McCrie 337–8; Ridley515.
115.
The events of the last days of the life of Knox are described on pages 281–9 of Bannatyne's Memorials. This section of the Memorials was published separately in an annotated edition with modernised spelling by Fleming DH (Edinburgh: The Knox Club, 1913).
116.
Bannatyne 281; Smeton 654. Smeton speaks of ‘a continual defluxion’ or flow of phlegm, which obstructed Knox's air passages and made his breathing difficult. Smeton also gives the date on which this fit of severe coughing occurred as Monday 10 November.
