Radical open cystectomy is a treatment of choice for muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LapRC) is surgically advanced and is an extremely difficult technique but presents many advantages. Urinary diversion (conduit, pouch or neobladder) when performed during laparoscopy necessitates a conversion to open procedure. Urinary diversion using an autologous bowel is associated with longer operative times and complications. The authors have analyzed the LapRC procedure and its 2 main parts—that is, bladder resection and urinary diversion. The emphasis was on the operative time and complications related to the urinary diversion procedure. A urinary diversion created in vitro could make the LapRC totally intracorporeal, and it could be completed within an acceptable time. Tissue engineering techniques used for urinary diversion after cystectomy shorten the operative time and help avoid serious complications related to bowel surgery. LapRC with tissue-engineered urinary diversion could become a management of choice for muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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