These questions are from the Review Guide for the Certified Diabetes Educator Exam. Answers appear on page 54.
The normal hormonal response during acute physical activity is characterized by:
Decreases in insulin and increases in glucagon and epinephrine
Increases in insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine
Decreases in insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine
Increases in insulin, glucagon, and cortisol
Which of the following statements about hypertension and renal impairment in diabetes is TRUE?
Either ACE inhibitors and ARBs are recommended for patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion
Protein excretion has been shown to increase glomerular filtration rates (GFR) in patients with diabetes nephropathy
Insulin requirements tend to increase with advancing renal dysfunction
Macroalbuminuria is defined as 30 to 199 mg per 24 hours
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about sugar alcohols/polyols?
They have no effect on blood glucose levels
They contain more calories than other carbohydrates
When adjusting mealtime insulin, only half the grams of sugar alcohols (if >5 g) need to be counted
There is a strong evidence to show that the use of sugar alcohols results in weight loss
Test Your Knowledge Answers
The questions are from the Review Guide for the Certified Diabetes Educator Exam and appear on page 51.
A: Insulin decreases while glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol all increase in response to acute physical activity.
A: Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs have been shown to delay the progression to microalbuminuria. Low protein diets have been shown to improve albuminuria but do not appear to have a significant effect on GFR (B). Insulin requirements tend to decrease with advancing renal disease as a result of reduced clearance (C). D is the definition of microalbuminuria.
C: Sugar alcohols are only partially absorbed, have fewer calories (B), and have less effect on blood glucose levels (A); therefore, only half the grams of sugar alcohols need to be counted (if >5 g) when basing the pre-meal insulin on the amount of carbohydrate to be consumed. There is not strong enough evidence to support use of sugar alcohols for weight loss or for improvement in overall glycemic control (D).
