Abstract
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Describe the role of duplex sonography with color and spectral Doppler in evaluating great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux, diameter, and tortuosity in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).
Explain how GSV diameter, reflux, and tortuosity influence the selection of treatment modalities for primary varicose veins.
Summarize the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and sclerotherapy in the management of varicose veins.
Which ultrasound technique is described as the diagnostic gold standard for assessing varicose veins? A. Duplex sonography with color and spectral Doppler B. Computed tomography angiography C. Magnetic resonance imaging D. Conventional radiography
According to the article, what is the primary underlying mechanism of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)? A. Arterial obstruction B. Persistent elevation of venous pressure C. Decreased cardiac output D. Lymphatic obstruction
According to the article, where were great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter measurements obtained during sonographic evaluation? A. Only at the saphenofemoral junction B. Only below the knee C. Mid-thigh, lower-thigh, and below the knee D. Only at the ankle
What reflux duration is generally considered pathological in superficial veins? A. 0.1 seconds B. 0.25 seconds C. 0.35 seconds D. ≥ 0.5 seconds
According to the article, which GSV characteristic is most appropriate for treatment with radiofrequency ablation (RFA)? A. Tortuous vein less than 4 mm B. Straight vein exceeding 6.0 mm with reflux C. Non-refluxing vein D. Small saphenous vein without dilation
Which treatment is most appropriate for tortuous, relatively dilated, refluxing veins? A. Surgical ligation B. Sclerotherapy C. Medical therapy alone D. Anticoagulation therapy
According to the article, what was the primary occlusion rate achieved with RFA? A. 85.0% B. 90.2% C. 94.5% D. 98.7%
According to the article, which factor combination is most important in determining treatment selection for varicose veins? A. Patient age and gender B. Vein depth and location C. Diameter, reflux, and tortuosity D. Presence of edema only
Which complication was specifically reported after radiofrequency ablation in this cohort? A. Thrombophlebitis B. Cellulitis C. Skin burns D. Pulmonary embolism
According to the article, what is the primary goal of treating varicose veins? A. Increase arterial perfusion B. Enhance lymphatic drainage C. Prevent infection D. Interrupt refluxing venous pathways
Footnotes
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