A new deconvolution strategy for aeroacoustic beamforming based on linear programming (LP) is introduced. Results of an aeroacoustic test show that it produces virtually the same results as DAMAS in much less time. DAMAS, DAMAS2 and LP display superresolution, which is expressed in terms of the Sparrow resolution limit from optics. CLEAN-SC and TIDY did not achieve superresolution in the test, but did produce higher dynamic range than DAMAS and LP at high frequency.
References
1.
StormsB.L.RossJ.C.HorneW.C.HayesJ.A.DoughertyR.P.UnderbrinkJ.R.ScharpfD.F. and MoriartyP.J., “An aeroacoustic study of an unswept wing with a three-dimensional high-lift system,” NASA/TM-1998-11222, Feb. 1998.
SijtsmaP. and StokerR., “Determination of Absolute Contributions of Aircraft Noise Components Using Fly-over Array Measurements,” AIAA Paper 2004–2958, May 2004.
4.
HögbomJ.A., “Aperture Synthesis with a Non-Regular Distribution of Interferometer Baselines”, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., No. 15, 1974, pp. 417–426.
5.
El-BeheryI. and MacPhieH.H., “Radio source parameter estimation by Maximum Likelihood processing of variable baseline correlation interferometer data,”IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-24, No. 2, 1976., pp 163–173.
6.
SchmidtR.O., “Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter Estimation,”IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-34, No. 3, March 1986.
7.
CoxH.ZeskindR.M. and OwenM.M., “Robust Adaptive Beamforming,”IEEE Trans. ASSP-35 No.10, 1987, pp. 1365–1376,.
8.
GramannR.A. and MocioJ., “Aero-acoustic measurements in wind tunnels using conventional and adaptive beamforming methods,” AIAA Paper 1993–43411, Oct. 1993.
9.
DoughertyR.P. and StokerR. W., “Sidelobe suppression for phased array aeroacoustic measurements,” AIAA Paper 1998–2242, June, 1998.
10.
BrooksT.F. and HumphreysW.M.Jr.“A Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources (DAMAS) determined from phased microphone arrays,” AIAA Paper 2004–2954, 2004.
11.
EhrenfriedK., and KoopL., “A Comparison of Iterative Deconvolution Algorithms for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources,” AIAA Paper 2006–2711, 2007.
12.
LawsonC.L., and HansonR. J., Solving Least Squares Problems, Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1974.
13.
DoughertyR.P., “Extensions of DAMAS and benefits and limitations of deconvolution in beamforming,” AIAA Paper 2005–2961, May 2005.
14.
BrusniakL., “DAMAS2 Validation for flight test airframe noise measurements,” Berlin Beamforming Conference (BeBec) 2008.
15.
SijtsmaP., “CLEAN based on spatial source coherence,”Int. J. Aeroacoustics, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2009, pp 357–374.
16.
SparrowC.M.Astrophysics J., Vol. 44, 1916, 76–86.
17.
SinghK. and BhatnagarG. S., “Sparrow limit of spectral resolution in the reflection echelon and the Fabry-Perot interferometer having surface imperfections,”Applied Optics, Vol. 9, No. 10, 1970, 2326–2331.
RamachandranR.C. and RamanG., “Evaluation of Various Beamforming Algorithms for Wind Turbine Noise Measurement,” AIAA Paper 2011–722, January, 2011.
20.
HorneC., “Initial assessment of acoustic source visibility with a 24-element microphone array in the Arnold Engineering Development Center 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center,” AIAA Paper 2011–2723, June, 2011.
21.
PandaJ., and MosherR., “Use of a microphone phased array to determine noise sources in a rocket plume,” AIAA Paper 2011–974, January 2011.
22.
DoughertyR.P., “Improved generalized inverse beamforming for jet noise,”International Journal of Aeroacoustics, Vol. 11No. 3–4, 2012. pp. 259–290.
23.
BrickmanL., Mathematical Introduction to Linear Programming and Game Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
