Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy

Student Professionalism

The American College of Clinical Pharmacy developed a white paper and student commentary to address the development of student professionalism. The essence and traits of professionalism, as well as exercising and teaching professionalism, were discussed. The white paper discussed the following professional traits: responsibility, commitment to excellence, respect for others, honesty and integrity, and care and compassion. The student commentary outlined the following tenets of professionalism: altruism, honesty and integrity, respect for others, professional presence, professional stewardship, and dedication and commitment to excellence.

American College of Clinical Pharmacy; Holt SL, Lau MS, Wong FL, et al. Tenets of professionalism for pharmacy students. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):757–759.

American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Roth MT, Zlatic TD. Development of student professionalism. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):749–756.

Inconsistent Communication Errors with Computerized Prescriber Order Entry

A prospective study at a tertiary care facility examined errors related to inconsistent information within computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) orders. Inconsistent communication events were reported by pharmacists over 4 months. In addition, 500 orders containing free-text information were randomly selected for review (unreported group); those orders with consistent information in structured fields and free-text fields served as controls. Among both groups, 558 prescriptions contained inconsistent information; 465 controls were identified. Pharmacists reported 532 prescriptions containing errors among 55,992 prescriptions reviewed (0.95%). The most common error types were dosage errors (44.9%; n = 239), followed by duration/stop time (24.4%; n = 130) and schedule/schedule type (20.5%; n = 109). A comparison of the error and control groups identified significant differences in ordering provider type (P = 0.04), specialty (P < 0.001), inpatient versus outpatient setting (P < 0.001), medication class (P < 0.001), and order complexity (P < 0.001). Researchers identified 112 errors with the potential for moderate to severe harm. It was more likely that errors with potential for moderate to severe harm would occur in the outpatient setting than in the inpatient setting (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 4.35; P = 0.02). The authors emphasized the need for improving CPOE interface usability and workflow integration to reduce the risk of harm from inconsistent communication.

Singh H, Mani S, Espadas D, Petersen N, Franklin V, Petersen LA. Prescription errors and outcomes related to inconsistent information transmitted through computerized order entry: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(10):982–989.

Dual Beta-Blocker/Calcium Channel Blocker Therapy; Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Bradycardia

A woman with renal insufficiency, uncontrolled diabetes, and hypertension died after receiving simultaneous beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker therapy. According to this report, the patient initially began combination therapy and required treatment 2 days later at an emergency department for diabetic ketoacidosis and bradycardia. Both agents were discontinued. Several months later, combination therapy was resumed. The patient died in the emergency department 2 days later with bradycardia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and a blood glucose level greater than 900 mg/dL. The plaintiff claimed that the physician should not have rechallenged with combination therapy. The physician argued that combination therapy was reasonable and was not the cause of death. A defense verdict was returned according to this report.

Improper prescription of calcium channel blocker for hypertension while on beta blocker—diabetic ketoacidosis and death—Illinois defense verdict. Med Malpr Verd Settl Exp. 2009;25(3):5.

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

A 58 year-old man died after rehabilitation from knee replacement surgery. The man had been receiving enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. According to this report, the patient developed a septic gallbladder, non–Q wave myocardial infarction, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia several days after his procedure. Physicians elected to insert an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in lieu of chemical anticoagulation. The patient was subsequently hospitalized again for hematuria. After continued rehabilitation, the patient was discharged to home where he developed sepsis and extensive clotting. The patient died after 2 days in a different hospital. The plaintiff accused the defendants of failing to prescribe warfarin after resolution of hematuria and of failing to consult an appropriate specialist for additional guidance. The defendants countered that cause of death was unclear without an autopsy, that the patient was protected by the IVC filter, and that warfarin was inappropriate. According to this report, the hospital where the patient died settled for $25,000 and a defense verdict was returned for the man's internist and the other hospital.

Failure to place man on Coumadin after developing thrombocytopenia on Lovenox following knee replacement—death— $25,000 settlement with one hospital—defense verdict for remaining defendants in Illinois. Med Malpr Verd Settl Exp. 2009;25(3):26–27.

Cardiovascular Care

Amir O, Hassan Y, Sarriff A, Awaisu A, Abd Aziz N, Ismail O. Incidence of risk factors for developing hyperkalemia when using ACE inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(3):387–393.

Catananti C, Liperoti R, Settanni S, et al. Heart failure and adverse drug reactions among hospitalized older adults [published online ahead of print June 10, 2009]. Clin Pharmacol Ther.

Curtiss FR, Fairman KA. Pharmacy benefit spending poised to increase for antithrombotic drug therapy—prasugrel versus clopidogrel. J Manag Care Pharm. 2009;15(5):414–416.

Dixon DL, Williams VG. Interaction between gemfibrozil and warfarin: case report and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):744–748.

Habib ZA, Tzogias L, Havstad SL, et al. Relationship between thiazolidinedione use and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes: a time-updated propensity analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(6):437–447.

Juhaeri J, Gao S, Dai WS. Incidence rates of heart failure, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction among type 2 diabetic patients using insulin glargine and other insulin. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(6):497–503.

Lowthian JA, Diug BO, Evans SM, et al. Who is responsible for the care of patients treated with warfarin therapy? Med J Aust. 2009;190(12):674–677.

Murray MD, Tu W, Wu J, Morrow D, Smith F, Brater DC. Factors associated with exacerbation of heart failure include treatment adherence and health literacy skills. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):651–658.

Norgard NB, Mathews KD, Wall GC. Drug-drug interaction between clopidogrel and the proton pump inhibitors (July/August)(CE) [published online ahead of print May 26, 2009]. Ann Pharmacother.

Nutescu EA, Spinler SA, Wittkowsky A, Dager WE. Low-molecular-weight heparins in renal impairment and obesity: available evidence and clinical practice recommendations across medical and surgical settings. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1064–1083.

Ohsfeldt RL, Gandhi SK, Fox KM. Medicare-eligible patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis: patterns in statin therapy and lipid monitoring. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(6):1403–1411.

Ryan F, Byrne S, O'Shea S. Randomised controlled trial of supervised patient self-testing of warfarin therapy using an Internet based expert system [published online ahead of print May 30, 2009]. J Thromb Haemost.

Spinler SA, Ou FS, Roe MT, et al. Weight-based dosing of enoxaparin in obese patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE initiative. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):631–638.

Yamreudeewong W, Wong HK, Brausch LM, Pulley KR. Probable interaction between warfarin and marijuana smoking (July/August) [published online ahead of print June 16, 2009]. Ann Pharmacother.

Complementary/Alternative Medicine

Erowele GI, Kalejaiye AO. Pharmacology and therapeutic uses of cat's claw. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):992–995.

Jose J, Rao PG, Kamath MS, Jimmy B. Drug safety reports on complementary and alternative medicines (ayurvedic and homeopathic medicines) by a spontaneous reporting program in a tertiary care hospital [published online ahead of print June 17, 2009]. J Altern Complement Med.

Moussally K, Oraichi D, Bérard A. Herbal products use during pregnancy: prevalence and predictors. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(6):454–461.

Poon WT, Lam YH, Lee HH, et al. Out-break of hypoglycaemia: sexual enhancement products containing oral hypoglycaemic agent. Hong Kong Med J. 2009;15(3):196–200.

Wang G, Xiao CQ, Li Z, et al. Effect of soy extract administration on losartan pharmacokinetics in healthy female volunteers. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1045–1049.

Gastroenterology

Akbar A, Walters JR, Ghosh S. Review article: Visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome—molecular mechanisms and therapeutic agents [published online ahead of print June 2, 2009]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.

Colombet I, Sabatier B, Gillaizeau F, Prognon P, Begué D, Durieux P. Long-term effects of a multifaceted intervention to encourage the choice of the oral route for proton pump inhibitors: an interrupted time-series analysis. Qual Saf Health Care. 2009;18(3):232–235.

Etminan M, Lévesque L, Fitzgerald JM, Brophy JM. Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with oral bisphosphonates and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a case-control study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(11):1188–1192.

Frazzoni M, Savarino E, Manno M, et al. A study using impedance-pH monitoring off and on proton pump inhibitor therapy [published online ahead of print June 10, 2009]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.

Freston JW, Hisada M, Peura DA, et al. The clinical safety of long-term lansoprazole for the maintenance of healed erosive oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(12):1249–1260.

Laharie D, Chanteloup E, Chabrun E, et al. The tolerance and efficacy of a postponed retreatment with infliximab in Crohn's disease primary responders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(12):1240–1248.

Lahner E, Annibale B, Delle Fave G. Systematic review: impaired drug absorption related to the co-administration of antisecretory therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(12):1219–1229.

Nguyen DM, El-Serag HB, Henderson L, Stein D, Bhattacharyya A, Sampliner R. Medication usage and the risk of neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus [published online ahead of print June 9, 2009]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.

Peura DA, Riff DS, Snoddy AM, Fennerty MB. Clinical trial: lansoprazole 15 or 30 mg once daily vs placebo for treatment of frequent nighttime heartburn in self-treating subjects [published online ahead of print June 11, 2009]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.

Schmidt KJ, Fellermann K, Wellhöner P, et al. Clinical trial: cyclophosphamide pulse therapy—a promising therapeutic alternative in refractory Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(12):1230–1239.

Tseng GY, Fang CT, Lin HJ, et al. Efficacy of intravenous proton pump inhibitor after endoscopic therapy with epinephrine injection for peptic ulcer bleeding in patients with uremia: a case-control study [published online ahead of print May 26, 2009]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.

Hematology

Ensor CR, Kockler DR, Dugger RW, Hylton-Gravatt LA. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: creation and validation of a computerized prescriber order entry alert. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1143–1144.

Lam MS. Second generation thrombopoietin agents for treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults [published online ahead of print June 12, 2009]. J Oncol Pharm Pract.

Infectious Diseases

Allison GW, Perla RJ, Belliveau PP, Angelis SM. Elevated creatine phosphokinase levels associated with linezolid therapy. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1097–1100.

Arendrup MC, Cuenca-Estrella M, Donnelly JP, Lass-Flörl C, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. Association of fluconazole pharmacodynamics with mortality in patients with candidemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(6):2704–2705; author reply 2705–2706.

Bulitta JB, Landersdorfer CB, Kinzig M, Holzgrabe U, Sorgel F. A new semi-physiological absorption model to assess the pharmacodynamic profile of cefuroxime axetil using nonparametric and parametric population pharmacokinetics [published online ahead of print June 15, 2009]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.

Devasia RA, Blackman A, Gebretsadik T, et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance in M. tuberculosis: the effect of duration and timing of fluoroquinolone exposure [published online ahead of print May 29, 2009]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.

Dolan K, Montgomery S, Bucchiet B, Didone L, Wellington M, Krysan DJ. The antifungal activity of tamoxifen: in vitro, in vivo and mechanistic characterization [published online ahead of print June 1, 2009]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.

Dublin S, Jackson ML, Nelson JC, Weiss NS, Larson EB, Jackson LA. Statin use and risk of community acquired pneumonia in older people: population based case-control study. BMJ. 2009;338: b2137. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2137.

Figueroa DA, Mangini E, Amodio-Groton M, et al. Safety of high-dose intravenous daptomycin treatment: three-year cumulative experience in a clinical program [published online ahead of print June 5, 2009]. Clin Infect Dis.

Garber SM, Pound MW, Miller SM. Hypoglycemia associated with the use of levofloxacin. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):1014–1019.

Hermsen ED, Maiefski M, Florescu MC, Qiu F, Rupp ME. Comparison of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft-Gault equations for dosing antimicrobials. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):649–655.

Herzig SJ, Howell MD, Ngo LH, Marcantonio ER. Acid-suppressive medication use and the risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. JAMA. 2009;301(20):2120–2128.

Horne KC, Howden BP, Grabsch EA, et al. Prospective comparison of the clinical impact of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) and vancomycin-susceptible MRSA [published online ahead of print June 8, 2009]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.

Hubert D, Le Roux E, Lavrut T, et al. Continuous versus intermittent infusions of ceftazidime for exacerbation of cystic fibrosis [published online ahead of print June 15, 2009]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.

Kimko H, Xu X, Nandy P, et al. Pharmacodynamic profiling of ceftobiprole for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections [published online ahead of print June 15, 2009]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.

Matheny J, Smith B, Courtney B, Mair M. Drug and vaccine development for infectious diseases: the value of priority review vouchers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):571–572.

Metaxas EI, Falagas ME. Update on the safety of linezolid [published online ahead of print June 21, 2009]. Expert Opin Drug Saf.

Owens RC Jr, Shorr AF. Rational dosing of antimicrobial agents: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic strategies. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12)(suppl 4):S23–S30.

Owens RC Jr, Shorr AF, Deschambeault AL. Antimicrobial stewardship: shepherding precious resources. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12)(suppl 4):S15–S22.

Park-Wyllie LY, Kam D, Bayoumi AM. The adherence support gap: the ‘ideal’ versus ‘reality’ of antiretroviral adherence support provided by HIV health providers in clinical practice. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1036–1044.

Rue-Cover A, Iskander J, Lyn S, et al. Death and serious illness following influenza vaccination: a multidisciplinary investigation. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(6):504–511.

Safdar A, Shelburne SA, Evans SE, Dickey BF. Inhaled therapeutics for prevention and treatment of pneumonia [published online ahead of print June 21, 2009]. Expert Opin Drug Saf.

Sauvage FL, Stanke-Labesque F, Gagnieu MC, Jourdil JF, Babany G, Marquet P. Feasibility of ribavirin therapeutic drug monitoring in hepatitis C. Ther Drug Monit. 2009;31(3):374–381.

Shorr AF, Owens RC Jr. Guidelines and quality for community-acquired pneumonia: measures from the Joint Commission and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12)(suppl 4):S2–S7.

Shorr AF, Owens RC Jr. Quality pneumonia care: distinguishing community-acquired from health care-associated pneumonia. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12)(suppl 4):S8–S14.

Tolman JA, Wiederhold NP, McConville JT, et al. Inhaled voriconazole for prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(6):2613–2615.

Vernaz N, Hill K, Leggeat S, et al. Temporal effects of antibiotic use and Clostridium difficile infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63(6):1272–1275.

Wong-Beringer A, Nguyen LH, Lee M, Shriner KA, Pallares J. An antimicrobial stewardship program with a focus on reducing fluoroquinolone overuse. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):736–743.

Maternal/Fetal Medicine

Boucher N, Koren G, Beaulac-Baillargeon L. Maternal use of venlafaxine near term: correlation between neonatal effects and plasma concentrations. Ther Drug Monit. 2009;31(3):404–409.

Hebert MF, Ma X, Naraharisetti SB, et al; Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Unit Network. Are we optimizing gestational diabetes treatment with glyburide? The pharmacologic basis for better clinical practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):607–614.

McKenna M, Mansfield JC. Safety of bisphosphonates in women of child bearing age. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(11):1214–1215; author reply 1215–1216.

Viktil KK, Engeland A, Furu K. Use of antirheumatic drugs in mothers and fathers before and during pregnancy—a population-based cohort study [published online ahead of print June 8, 2009]. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.

Yang D, Hladnik L. Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia during pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):709–724.

Zuk DM, Hughes CA, Foisy MM, Robinson JL, Singh AE, Houston S. Adverse effects of antiretrovirals in HIV-infected pregnant women. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1028–1035.

Neurology

Bhattaram VA, Siddiqui O, Kapcala LP, Gobburu JV. Endpoints and analyses to discern disease-modifying drug effects in early Parkinson's disease [published online ahead of print June 12, 2009]. AAPS J.

Sarti L, Falai T, Pinto F, Tendi E, Matà S. Intravenous immune globulin usage for neurological and neuromuscular disorders: an academic centre, 4 years experience. Neurol Sci. 2009;30(3):213–218.

Tsiropoulos I, Andersen M, Hallas J. Adverse events with use of antiepileptic drugs: a prescription and event symmetry analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(6):483–491.

Vernooij MW, Haag MD, van der Lugt A, et al. Use of antithrombotic drugs and the presence of cerebral microbleeds: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(6):714–720.

Oncology

Barzdo M, Zydek L, Smedra-Kaźmirska A, Zgoda M, Machala W, Berent J. Erroneous administration of vinblastine. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(3):362–364.

Bauer SM, Bauer C. The use of sodium hyaluronate for the treatment of radiation recall dermatitis. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2009;15(2):123–126.

Böckle BC, Baltaci M, Weyrer W, Sepp NT. Bortezomib-induced lupus erythematosus tumidus. Oncologist. 2009;14(6):637–639.

Coutsouvelis J, Corallo CE. The management of prolonged, isolated hyperbilirubinemia following cytarabine-based chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2009;15(2):107–110.

Dasanu CA, Alexandrescu DT. Acute retinal pigment epithelial detachment secondary to pamidronate administration. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2009;15(2):119–121.

Dasanu CA, Herzog TJ, Alexandrescu DT. Carboplatin-gemcitabine in the therapy of advanced ovarian cancer: Dose reduction consideration [published online ahead of print June 12, 2009]. J Oncol Pharm Pract.

Dranitsaris G, Cottrell W, Spirovski B, Hopkins S. Economic analysis of albumin-bound paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2009;15(2):67–78.

McCune JS, Batchelder A, Guthrie KA, et al. Personalized dosing of cyclophosphamide in the total body irradiation—cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen: a phase II trial in patients with hematologic malignancy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):615–622.

Paul B, Trovato JA, Thompson J, Badros AZ, Goloubeva O. Efficacy of aprepitant in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell support [published online ahead of print June 12, 2009]. J Oncol Pharm Pract.

Shord SS, Bressler LR, Tierney LA, Cuellar S, George A. Understanding and managing the possible adverse effects associated with bevacizumab. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):999–1013.

Siderov J, Duggan J. Arsenic trioxide associated toothache [published online ahead of print June 12, 2009]. J Oncol Pharm Pract.

Pain Management

Gore M, Sadosky AB, Zlateva G, Clauw DJ. Clinical characteristics, pharmacotherapy and healthcare resource use among patients with fibromyalgia newly prescribed gabapentin or pregabalin [published online ahead of print June 4, 2009]. Pain Pract.

Junker U, Wirz S. Chronobiology: influence of circadian rhythms on the therapy of severe pain [published online ahead of print June 18, 2009]. J Oncol Pharm Pract.

Lafata J, Tunceli O, Cerghet M, Sharma K, Lipton R. The use of migraine preventive medications among patients with and without migraine headaches [published online ahead of print June 1, 2009]. Cephalalgia.

Viscusi ER, Gambling DR, Hughes TL, Manvelian GZ. Pharmacokinetics of extended-release epidural morphine sulfate: pooled analysis of six clinical studies. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):1020–1030.

Pediatrics

Bacopoulou F, Skouroliakou M, Markantonis SL. Netilmicin in the neonate: pharmacokinetic analysis and influence of parenteral nutrition. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(3):365–368.

Chavez B, Sopko MA Jr, Ehret MJ, et al. An update on central nervous system stimulant formulations in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1084–1095.

Di Pentima MC, Chan S, Eppes SC, Klein JD. Antimicrobial prescription errors in hospitalized children: role of antimicrobial stewardship program in detection and intervention. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2009;48(5):505–512.

Pichini S, Papaseit E, Joya X, et al. Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of psychotropic drugs in pediatrics. Ther Drug Monit. 2009;31(3):283–318.

Wallin JE, Friberg LE, Fasth A, Staatz CE. Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: new initial dosage suggestions and a modelbased dosage adjustment tool [published online ahead of print June 11, 2009]. Ther Drug Monit.

Perioperative Care

Irwin MG, Trinh T, Yao CL. Occupational exposure to anaesthetic gases: a role for TIVA [published online ahead of print May 31, 2009]. Expert Opin Drug Saf.

Talati R, Reinhart KM, White CM, et al. Outcomes of perioperative {beta}-blockade in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis (July/August) [published online ahead of print June 16, 2009]. Ann Pharmacother.

Pharmacogenomics

Becquemont L. Pharmacogenomics of adverse drug reactions: practical applications and perspectives. Pharmacogenomics. 2009;10(6):961–969.

Bozkurt O, de Boer A, Grobbee DE, et al. Renin-angiotensin system polymorphisms and the association between use of angiotensin II receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and the risk of diabetes. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2009;10(2):101–108.

Koster ES, Rodin AS, Raaijmakers JA, Maitland-vander Zee AH. Systems biology in pharmacogenomic research: the way to personalized prescribing? Pharmacogenomics. 2009;10(6):971–981.

Moridani M, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Sasaki H, McKinnon R, Fleckenstein L, Shah VP. AAPS-FIP summary workshop report: pharmacogenetics in individualized medicine: methods, regulatory, and clinical applications. AAPS J. 2009;11(2):214–216.

O'Rielly DD, Roslin NM, Beyene J, Pope A, Rahman P. TNF-alpha-308 G/A polymorphism and responsiveness to TNF-alpha blockade therapy in moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics J. 2009;9(3):161–167.

Sharp CF, Gardiner SJ, Jensen BP, et al. CYP2D6 genotype and its relationship with metoprolol dose, concentrations and effect in patients with systolic heart failure. Pharmacogenomics J. 2009;9(3):175–184.

Siest G, Marteau JB, Visvikis-Siest S. Personalized therapy and pharmacogenomics: future perspective. Pharmacogenomics. 2009;10(6):927–930.

Strimpakos AS, Syrigos KN, Saif MW. Pharmacogenetics and biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics J. 2009;9(3):147–160.

Willrich MA, Hirata MH, Hirata RD. Statin regulation of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression. Pharmacogenomics. 2009;10(6):1017–1024.

Yoo HD, Park SA, Cho HY, Lee YB. Influence of CYP3A and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol in healthy subjects [published online ahead of print June 10, 2009]. Clin Pharmacol Ther.

Zintzaras E, Kitsios GD, Triposkiadis F, Lau J, Raman G. APOE gene polymorphisms and response to statin therapy [published online ahead of print June 16, 2009]. Pharmacogenomics J.

Pharmacy Practice/Medication Safety

Ahern JW. Survey for graduates of postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency programs. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):978, 986.

Alkhateeb FM, Clauson KA, McCafferty R, Latif DA. Physician attitudes toward pharmacist provision of medication therapy management services [published online ahead of print May 27, 2009]. Pharm World Sci.

Anderson GD, Lynn AM. Optimizing pediatric dosing: a developmental pharmacologic approach. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):680–690.

Augusto V, Xie X. Redesigning pharmacy delivery processes of a health care complex. Health Care Manag Sci. 2009;12(2):166–178.

Bailey SC, Pandit AU, Curtis L, Wolf MS. Availability of Spanish prescription labels: a multi-state pharmacy survey. Med Care. 2009;47(6):707–710.

Bates DW. Role of pharmacists in the medical home. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1116–1118.

Benson A, Cribb A, Barber N. Understanding pharmacists' values: a qualitative study of ideals and dilemmas in UK pharmacy practice. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(12):2223–2230.

Bergert FW, Conrad D, Ehrenthal K, et al. Pharmacotherapy guidelines for the aged by family doctors for the use of family doctors—Part D Basic conditions supporting drug treatment. Part E Guidelines group, disclaimer, internet addresses. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;47(6):366–373.

Blake KB, Madhavan SS, Scott VG, Meredith Elswick BL. Medication therapy management services in West Virginia: pharmacists' perceptions of educational and training needs. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2009;5(2):182–188.

Bohomol E, Ramos LH, D'Innocenzo M. Medication errors in an intensive care unit. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(6):1259–1267.

Carleton B, Poole R, Smith M, et al. Adverse drug reaction active surveillance: developing a national network in Canada's children's hospitals [published online ahead of print June 8, 2009]. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.

Castelino RL, Bajorek BV, Chen TF. Targeting suboptimal prescribing in the elderly: a review of the impact of pharmacy services. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1096–1106.

Chang KH. The healer or the druggist: effects of two health care policies in Taiwan on elderly patients' choice between physician and pharmacist services. Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2009;9(2):137–152.

Chrischilles EA, VanGilder R, Wright K, Kelly M, Wallace RB. Inappropriate medication use as a risk factor for self-reported adverse drug effects in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(6):1000–1006.

Chubaty A, Sadowski CA, Carrie AG. Typeface legibility of patient information leaflets intended for community-dwelling seniors [published online ahead of print May 30, 2009]. Age Ageing.

Clark BE, Siracuse MV, Garis RI. A comparison of mail-service and retail community pharmacy claims in 5 prescription benefit plans. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2009;5(2):133–142.

Cusano FL, Chambers CR, Summach DL. A medication error prevention survey: five years of results. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2009;15(2):87–93.

Cutter B. Verification of inpatient medication histories by pharmacy students. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):988.

Delaney L, Chambers C, Roldán G, et al. A feasibility study to assess the integration of a pharmacist into neurooncology clinic. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2009;15(2):79–85.

DeYoung JL, Vanderkooi ME, Barletta JF. Effect of bar-code-assisted medication administration on medication error rates in an adult medical intensive care unit. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1110–1115.

Dilworth TJ, Mott D, Young H. Pharma-cists' communication with Spanish-speaking patients: a review of the literature to establish an agenda for future research. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2009;5(2):108–120.

Duh MS, Paradis PE, Latrémouille-Viau D, et al. The risks and costs of multiple-generic substitution of topiramate. Neurology. 2009;72(24):2122–2129.

Fernandez R, Compton S, Jones KA, Velilla MA. The presence of a family witness impacts physician performance during simulated medical codes. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(6):1956–1960.

Gray SL, Elliott D, Semla T. Implications for pharmacy from the Institute of Medicine's report on health care workforce and an aging America. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1133–1138.

Hanuscak TL, Szeinbach SL, Seoane-Vazquez E, Reichert BJ, McCluskey CF. Evaluation of causes and frequency of medication errors during information technology downtime. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1119–1124.

Häussinger C, Ruhl UE, Hach I. Health beliefs and over-the-counter product use. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1122–1127.

Hovstadius B, Astrand B, Petersson G. Dispensed drugs and multiple medications in the Swedish population: an individual-based register study. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2009;9:11.

Jan S, Bellman C, Barone J, Jessen L, Arnold M. Shape it up: a school-based education program to promote healthy eating and exercise developed by a health plan in collaboration with a college of pharmacy. J Manag Care Pharm. 2009;15(5):403–413.

Jutel A, Menkes DB. “But doctors do it…”: nurses' views of gifts and information from the pharmaceutical industry. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1057–1063.

Karapinar-Carkit F, Borgsteede SD, Zoer J, Smit HJ, Egberts AC, van den Bemt PM. Effect of medication reconciliation with and without patient counseling on the number of pharmaceutical interventions among patients discharged from the hospital. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1001–1010.

Karter AJ, Parker MM, Moffet HH, Ahmed AT, Schmittdiel JA, Selby JV. New prescription medication gaps: a comprehensive measure of adherence to new prescriptions [published online ahead of print June 3, 2009]. Health Serv Res.

Kemp LO, Narula P, McPherson ML, Zuckerman I. Medication reconciliation in hospice: a pilot study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2009;26(3):193–199.

Kesselheim AS. Priority review vouchers: an inefficient and dangerous way to promote neglected-disease drug development. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):573–575.

Kümmerer K. The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use—present knowledge and future challenges. J Environ Manage. 2009;90(8):2354–2366.

Lakey SL, Gray SL, Borson S. Assessment of older adults' knowledge of and preferences for medication management tools and support systems. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1011–1019.

Lund JL, Yabroff KR, Ibuka Y, et al. Inventory of data sources for estimating health care costs in the United States [published online ahead of print June 16, 2009]. Med Care.

Makowsky MJ, Koshman SL, Midodzi WK, Tsuyuki RT. Capturing outcomes of clinical activities performed by a rounding pharmacist practicing in a team environment: the COLLABORATE study [NCT00351676]. Med Care. 2009;47(6):642–650.

Mersfelder TL, Bickel RJ. Structure of postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency interviews. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1075–1076.

Mims E, Tucker C, Carlson R, Schneider R, Bagby J. Quality-monitoring program for bar-code-assisted medication administration. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1125–1131.

Misquitta C. Unforeseen benefits of a managed care pharmacy residency program. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1076, 1078.

Noland CM, Rickles NM. Reflection and analysis of how pharmacy students learn to communicate about medication errors. Health Commun. 2009;24(4):351–360.

Poluzzi E, Raschi E, Moretti U, De Ponti F. Drug-induced torsades de pointes: data mining of the public version of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(6):512–518.

Price LC. Preparing for the role of clinical pharmacist in a new specialty. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1084–1085.

Puspitasari HP, Aslani P, Krass I. How do Australian metropolitan and rural pharmacists counsel consumers with prescriptions? Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(3):394–405.

Reidenberg MM. Can the selection and use of essential medicines decrease inappropriate drug use? Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):581–583.

Rinehart JR. Reducing medication errors by limiting the interconnectivity of parenteral drug delivery systems. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(12):1079–1080.

Ronai C, Taylor JS, Dugan E, Feller E. The identifying and counseling of breastfeeding women by pharmacists. Breastfeed Med. 2009;4(2):91–95.

Seiter A. Health and economic consequences of counterfeit drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):576–578.

Seston E, Hassell K, Ferguson J, Hann M. Exploring the relationship between pharmacists' job satisfaction, intention to quit the profession, and actual quitting. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2009;5(2):121–132.

Singh R, McLean-Plunckett EA, Kee R, et al. Experience with a trigger tool for identifying adverse drug events among older adults in ambulatory primary care. Qual Saf Health Care. 2009;18(3):199–204.

Smith F. The quality of private pharmacy services in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(3):351–361.

Smith RE. Leadership in pharmacy practice: why me? Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1128–1132.

Snow V, Beck D, Budnitz T, et al. Transitions of care consensus policy statement: American College of Physicians, Society of General Internal Medicine, Society of Hospital Medicine, American Geriatrics Society, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine [published online ahead of print May 28, 2009]. J Hosp Med.

Stewart DC, George J, Diack HL, et al. Cross sectional survey of the Scottish general public's awareness of, views on, and attitudes toward nonmedical prescribing. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1115–1121.

Tromp M, Natsch S, van Achterberg T. The preparation and administration of intravenous drugs before and after protocol implementation. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(3):413–420.

Vasileff HM, Whitten LE, Pink JA, Goldsworthy SJ, Angley MT. The effect on medication errors of pharmacists charting medication in an emergency department. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(3):373–379.

Walters-Smith N, Marshall SM. Opportunities and considerations for pharmacist intervention in the management of the chronic hepatitis C patient. J Manag Care Pharm. 2009;15(5):417–419.

Wensing M, Broge B, Riens B, et al. Quality circles to improve prescribing of primary care physicians. Three comparative studies [published online ahead of print June 8, 2009]. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.

Wisniewski CS, Pummer TL, Krenzelok EP. Documenting drug information questions using software for poison information documentation. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):1039–1043.

Yu F, Salas M, Kim YI, Menachemi N. The relationship between computerized physician order entry and pediatric adverse drug events: a nested matched case-control study [published online ahead of print May 28, 2009]. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.

Yuksel N, Majumdar SR, Biggs C, Tsuyuki RT. Community pharmacist-initiated screening program for osteoporosis: randomized controlled trial [published online ahead of print June 5, 2009]. Osteoporos Int.

Zellmer WA, Thompson KK. Why professional policies matter. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):997.

Psychiatric Care

Bramness JG, Skurtveit S, Neutel CI, Mørland J, Engeland A. An increased risk of road traffic accidents after prescriptions of lithium or valproate? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(6):492–496.

Breitner JC, Haneuse SJ, Walker R, et al. Risk of dementia and AD with prior exposure to NSAIDs in an elderly community-based cohort. Neurology. 2009;72(22):1899–1905.

Dopheide JA, Pliszka SR. Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: an update. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):656–679.

Jing Y, Kim E, You M, Pikalov A, Tran QV. Healthcare costs associated with treatment of bipolar disorder using a mood stabilizer plus adjunctive aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone, olanzapine or ziprasidone [published online ahead of print June 16, 2009]. J Med Econ.

Libby AM, Orton HD, Valuck RJ. Persisting decline in depression treatment after FDA warnings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(6):633–639.

Lostia AM, Mazzarini L, Pacchiarotti I, et al. Serum levels of risperidone and its metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone: correlation between drug concentration and clinical response [published online ahead of print June 11, 2009]. Ther Drug Monit.

Miller LJ. Management of atypical antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain: focus on metformin. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):725–735.

Ng W, Uchida H, Ismail Z, et al. Clozapine exposure and the impact of smoking and gender: a population pharmacokinetic study. Ther Drug Monit. 2009;31(3):360–366.

Pohl GM, Van Brunt DL, Ye W, Stoops WW, Johnston JA. A retrospective claims analysis of combination therapy in the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [published online ahead of print June 8, 2009]. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9 (1):95.

Pulmonology

Castillo D, Guayta R, Giner J, et al; FARMAEPOC Group. COPD case finding by spirometry in high-risk customers of urban community pharmacies: a pilot study. Respir Med. 2009;103(6):839–845.

Kim YJ, Song M, Ryu JC. Mechanisms underlying methotrexate-induced pulmonary toxicity [published online ahead of print June 21, 2009]. Expert Opin Drug Saf.

Quality

DeJong DJ. Quality improvement using the Baldrige Criteria for Organizational Performance Excellence. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):1031–1034.

Foster JJ, Pitts W. Implementation of an insulin therapy protocol: applying the Baldrige approach. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(11):1035–1038.

Transplant Medicine

Berge M, Chevalier P, Benammar M, et al. Safe management of tacrolimus together with posaconazole in lung transplant patients with cystic fibrosis. Ther Drug Monit. 2009;31(3):396–399.

Borobia AM, Romero I, Jimenez C, et al. Trough tacrolimus concentrations in the first week after kidney transplantation are related to acute rejection [published online ahead of print June 2, 2009]. Ther Drug Monit.

Jonge HD, Naesens M, Kuypers DR. New insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolic acid: possible consequences for therapeutic drug monitoring in solid organ transplantation [published online ahead of print June 16, 2009]. Ther Drug Monit.

Kamar N, Marquet P, Gandia P, et al. Mycophenolic acid 12-hour area under the curve in de novo liver transplant patients given mycophenolate mofetil at fixed versus concentration-controlled doses [published online ahead of print June 11, 2009]. Ther Drug Monit.

Patel SJ, Elliott EN, Knight RJ, Gaber LW, Gaber AO. Considerations in sirolimus use in the early and late post-transplant periods [published online ahead of print June 13, 2009]. Expert Opin Drug Saf.

Trauma/Emergency/Critical Care

Dobesh PP, Klepser DG, McGuire TR, Morgan CW, Olsen KM. Reduction in mortality associated with statin therapy in patients with severe sepsis. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29(6):621–630.

Maher C, Lushniak BD. Availability of medical countermeasures for bioterrorism events: US legal and regulatory options. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):669–671.

Miscellaneous

Bolen SD, Clark JM, Richards TM, Shore AD, Goodwin SM, Weiner JP. Trends in and patterns of obesity reduction medication use in an insured cohort [published online ahead of print June 4, 2009]. Obesity (Silver Spring).

Brown DA, Kyle JA, Ferrill MJ. Assessing the clinical efficacy of sildenafil for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction (July/August) [published online ahead of print June 9, 2009]. Ann Pharmacother.

Halpern R, Mody RR, Fuldeore MJ, Patel PA, Mikuls TR. Impact of noncompliance with urate-lowering drug on serum urate and gout-related healthcare costs: administrative claims analysis [published online ahead of print June 2, 2009]. Curr Med Res Opin.

Hardy G, Menendez AM, Manzanares W. Trace element supplementation in parenteral nutrition: pharmacy, posology, and monitoring guidance [published online ahead of print May 30, 2009]. Nutrition.

Mitri J, Hamdy O. Diabetes medications and body weight [published online ahead of print June 21, 2009]. Expert Opin Drug Saf.

Sunenshine R, Schultz M, Lawrence MG, et al. An outbreak of postoperative gram-negative bacterial endophthalmitis associated with contaminated trypan blue ophthalmic solution. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(11):1580–1583.

Wipfli H, Samet JM. Global economic and health benefits of tobacco control: part 1 [published online ahead of print June 17, 2009]. Clin Pharmacol Ther.

Wipfli H, Samet JM. Global economic and health benefits of tobacco control: part 2. [published online ahead of print June 17, 2009]. Clin Pharmacol Ther.

Yanovski JA, Parikh SJ, Yanoff LB, et al. Effects of calcium supplementation on body weight and adiposity in overweight and obese adults: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(12):821–829, W145–W146.