Abstract
This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drug, new indications, dosage forms and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this information; however, if there are any questions, please let us know at
New drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): November 18 through December 17, 2009
| Generic name Brand name (Company) | Comparative agents | Indication | Mechanism of action | Common adverse effects | Dosage form and strength | Package insert |
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| Capsaicin Qutenza (NeurogesX) | Capsaicin | Management of neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia | Transient receptor potential vanilloid I channel agonist; resulting in a reduction in pain relief over time | Application site erythema, application site pain, application site pruritus, and application site papules | Patch 8% | http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/022395lbl.pdf |
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von Willebrand factor/coagulation factor VIII complex (human) Wilate (Octapharma USA) |
Coagulation factors | Treatment of spontaneous or trauma-induced bleeding episodes in patients with severe von Willebrand disease (WD) as well as patients with mild or moderate VWD in whom the use of desmopressin is known or suspected to be ineffective or contraindicated | Blood product replacement | Urticaria and dizziness |
Injection 450 IU VWF:RCo and 450 IU FVIII activities in 5 mL 900 IU VWF:RCo and 900 IU FVIII activities in 10 mL |
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/BloodBloodProducts/ApprovedProducts/LicensedProductsBLAs/FractionatedPlasmaProducts/UCM193127.pdf |
New dosage forms and indications approved by the FDA: November 18 through December 17, 2009
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| Estradiol vaginal | Vagifem (Novo Nordisk) | 10 mcg formulation for the treatment of atrophic vaginitis due to menopause. This now is the lowest dose local estrogen therapy now commercially available. |
| Olanzapine | Zyprexa RelPrevv (Lilly) | Long-acting depot formulation for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults |
| Omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate | Zegerid OTC (Merck/Santarus) | Approved for sale as an over-the-counter product |
| Sildenafil | Revatio (Pfizer) | Intravenous formulation for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension |
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| Aripiprazole | Abilify (Bristol-Myers Squibb) | Treatment of autism-related irritability in children ages 6–17 years |
| Duloxetine | Cymbalta (Lilly) | Maintenance treatment of generalized anxiety disorder |
| Maraviroc | Selzentry (Pfizer) | Use in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the management of treatment-naïve patients who are infected with only CCR5-tropic HIV-1. |
| Olanzapine | Zyprexa (Lilly) | Tablet formulation: treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adolescents aged 13–17 years old |
| Quetiapine | Seroquel (AstraZeneca) | Treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents (13–17 years of age) as monotherapy. Acute treatment of manic episodes in children and adolescents (10–17 years of age) with bipolar I disorder, either as monotherapy or as an adjunct to lithium or divalproex. |
| Ziprasidone | Geodon (Pfizer) | Maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder as an adjunct to lithium or valproate |
Agents pending FDA approval: November 18 through December 17, 2009
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| Doxepin | Silenor (Somaxon) | Information submitted does not have enough proof that the drug provides sustained subjective sleep maintenance in adults with primary insomnia. |
| Laromustine | Onrigin (Vion Pharmaceuticals) | Complete a randomized study or studies to further define its efficacy and safety in remission induction treatment for patients 60 years of age or older with de novo poor-risk acute myeloid leukemia, including demonstration of a survival benefit. |
| Telavancin | Vibativ (Theravance) | More information requested to support the use of all-cause mortality as the primary efficacy endpoint in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. |
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| Hydromorphone extended-release | Exalgo (CombinatoRx Inc) | Issues with the form of the data contained in the submitted NDA. |
| Rituximab | Rituxan (Genentech) | Approval withheld pending further discussion for the use of this agent in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. |
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| Rosuvastatin | Crestor (AstraZeneca) | Primary prevention of heart attack, stroke, and death in person's meeting the Jupiter study enrollment criteria (men ≥50 years, women ≥60 years; fasting LDL < 130 mg/dL; hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/L; triglycerides <500 mg/dL; no prior history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events or coronary heart disease risk equivalent as defined by NCEP ATP-III guidelines) |
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| Erlotinib | Tarceva (OSI Pharmaceuticals) | Committee voted 12 to 1 against expanding the drug's indication to include lung cancer. |
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| Carglumic acid | Carbaglu (Orphan Europe SARL) | Treatment of hyperammonemia in patients with N-acetyl glutamate synthetase deficiency |
| Duloxetine | Cymbalta (Lilly) | Treatment of chronic pain |
| Miglustat | Avesca Actelion Pharmaceuticals | Treatment of progressive neurological manifestations in patients with Niemann-Pick disease (type C) |
| Nebivolol | Bystolic (Forest Laboratories) | Treatment of chronic heart failure |
| Omacetaxine mepesuccinate | Omapro (ChemGenex Pharmaceuticals) | Treatment of adults with chronic myeloid leukemia (Bcr-Abl T315I mutation) who have failed prior therapy with imatinib |
| Pixantrone | (Cell Therapeutics) | Treatment of relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
Note: NDA = new drug application; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; NCEP ATP = National Cholesteral Education Program Adult Treatment Panel.
New drug/biologics license applications filed by manufacturer: November 18 through December 17, 2009
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| Albinterferon alfa-2b Zalbin (Human Genome Sciences) | Peginterferon alfa-2a | Treatment of chronic hepatitis C | Interferon alpha stimulants | Arthralgia, erythema, fatigue, headache, muscle pain | Injection |
| Ticagrelor Brilinta (AstraZeneca) | Clopidogrel, Prasugrel | Reduction of major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndrome | ADP receptor antagonists | Bleeding, dyspnea | Oral |
Note: ADP = adenosine diphosphate.
Supplemental applications filed by manufacturer: November 18 through December 17, 2009
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| Donepezil | Aricept (Pfizer) | Once-daily 23 mg extended-release matrix tablet for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease |
Significant labeling changes or “Dear Health Professional” letters related to safety *
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| Aliskiren Tekturna (Novartis) |
BOXED WARNING: Avoid Use in Pregnancy
When pregnancy is detected, discontinue Tekturna as soon as possible. Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Fetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Impaired Renal Function
Consider periodic determinations of serum electrolytes to detect possible electrolyte imbalances particularly in patients with severe renal impairment. Head and Neck Angioedema (section revised)
Discontinue Tekturna immediately in patients who develop angioedema, and do not readminister. DRUG INTERACTIONS
Patients receiving furosemide could find its effect diminished after starting aliskiren. USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy
When pregnancy is detected, Tekturna should be discontinued as soon as possible. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm192032.htm |
| Benazepril Lotensin (Novartis) |
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Patients with a history of angioedema with or without previous ACE inhibitor treatment. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194338.htm |
| Benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide Lotensin HCT (Novartis) |
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Patients with a history of angioedema with or without previous ACE inhibitor treatment ADVERSE REACTIONS: Skin
Erythema multiforme including Steven-Johnson syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, including toxic epidermal necrolysis |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194339.htm |
| Clindamycin Cleocin (Pharmacia/Upjohn) | BOXED WARNING and WARNING regarding the risk of Clostridium difficile | http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/050162s085lbl.pdf |
| Diclofenac sodium topical gel Voltaren Gel (Novartis) | Potential for elevation in liver function tests during treatment with all products containing diclofenac sodium | http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm193047.htm |
| Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Truvada (Gilead Sciences) |
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS: New Onset or Worsening Renal Impairment
Routine monitoring of calculated creatinine clearance and serum phosphorus should be performed ADVERSE REACTIONS: Postmarketing Experience
Angioedema |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194544.htm |
| Exenatide Byetta (Amylin Pharmaceuticals) |
WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS: Acute Pancreatitis
Based on postmarketing data, Byetta has been associated with acute pancreatitis, including fatal and non-fatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis. Renal Impairment
Byetta should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min) or end-stage renal disease and should be used with caution in patients with renal transplantation. In patients with end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis, single doses of Byetta 5 mcg were not well-tolerated due to gastrointestinal side effects. Because Byetta may induce nausea and vomiting with transient hypovolemia, treatment may worsen renal function. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194556.htm |
| Fentanyl citrate, oral transmucosal Actiq (Cephalon) |
Following statements added to the BOXED WARNING: The substitution of Actiq for any other fentanyl product may result in fatal overdose. When prescribing, do not convert patients on a mcg per mcg basis to Actiq from other fentanyl products. When dispensing, do not substitute an Actiq prescription for other fentanyl products. Substantial differences exist in the pharmacokinetic profile of Actiq compared to other fentanyl products that result in clinically important differences in the extent of absorption of fentanyl. As a result of these differences, the substitution of Actiq for any other fentanyl product may result in fatal overdose. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194045.htm |
| Fosamprenavir calcium Lexiva (GlaxoSmithKline) |
Potential association with the development of myocardial infarction and dyslipidemia in HIV-infected adults Testing for triglyceride and cholesterol levels should be done prior to the start of therapy and periodically throughout therapy. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm192699.htm |
| Glyburide/metformin Glucovance (Bristol Myers Squibb) |
PRECAUTIONS: Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment of patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency with sulfonylurea agents can lead to hemolytic anemia. Caution should be used in patients with G6PD deficiency and a non-sulfonylurea alternative should be considered. In postmarketing reports, hemolytic anemia has also been reported in patients who did not have known G6PD deficiency. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194334.htm |
| Quinine sulfate Qualaquin (AR Scientific) | BOXED WARNING and WARNING that the safety risks associated with the use of quinine in the treatment or prevention of nocturnal leg cramps outweighs any potential benefit. | http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194391.htm |
| Ribavirin Rebetol (Schering-Plough) |
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS: Ophthalmologic Disorders
Ribavirin is used in combination therapy with alpha interferons. Decrease or loss of vision, retinopathy including macular edema, retinal artery or vein thrombosis, retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool spots, optic neuritis, papilledema, and serous retinal detachment. Dental and Periodontal Disorders
Patients should brush their teeth thoroughly twice daily and have regular dental examinations. If vomiting occurs, they should be advised to rinse out their mouth thoroughly afterwards. Impact on Growth - Pediatric Use
Data on the effects of Peg-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b) plus Rebetol on growth come from an open-label study in subjects 3 through 17 years of age, and weight loss and growth inhibition was noted. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194393.htm |
| Riluzole Rilutek (sanofi-aventis) |
WARNINGS: Interstitial Lung Disease
Cases of interstitial lung disease have been reported, some of them severe and many of these cases were hypersensitivity pneumonitis. If respiratory symptoms develop such as dry cough and/or dyspnea, chest radiography should be performed; in case of findings suggestive of interstitial lung disease or hypersensitivity pneumonitis (eg, bilateral diffuse lung opacities), riluzole should be discontinued immediately. In the majority of the reported cases, symptoms resolved after drug discontinuation and symptomatic treatment. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194535.htm |
| Ritonavir Norvir (Abbott) |
CONTRAINDICATIONS Addition: PDE5 enzyme inhibitor: Sildenafil (Revatio) only when used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension PRECAUTIONS Established and Other Potentially Significant Drug Interactions: Alteration in Dose or Regimen Recommended Based on Drug Interaction Studies or Predicted Interaction
Concomitant use of fluticasone propionate and Norvir. Norvir increases plasma concentrations of fluticasone propionate, resulting in significantly reduced serum cortisol concentrations. Co-administration of fluticasone propionate and Norvir is not recommended unless the potential benefit to the patient outweighs the risk of systemic corticosteroid side effects. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194548.htm |
| Rosiglitazone maleate/glimepiride Avandaryl (GlaxoSmithKline) |
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS: Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment of patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency with sulfonylurea agents can lead to hemolytic anemia. Because glimepiride, a component of Avandaryl, belongs to the class of sulfonylurea agents, caution should be used in patients with G6PD deficiency and a non-sulfonylurea alternative should be considered. In postmarketing experience, hemolytic anemia has also been reported in patients receiving sulfonylureas who did not have known G6PD deficiency |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194100.htm |
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TNF-blockers – Class Labeling Change Adalimumab – Humira (Abbott) Certolizumab pegol – Cimzia (UCB) Etanercept – Enbrel (Amgen) Golimumab – Simponi (Centocor Ortho Biotech) Infliximab – Remicade (Centocor) |
BOXED WARNINGS Malignancy
Lymphoma and other malignancies, some fatal, have been reported in children and adolescent patients treated with TNF blockers. WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS
Malignancies, some fatal, have been reported among children, adolescents, and young adults who received treatment with TNF-blocking agents (initiation of therapy ~ 18 years of age). Cases of acute and chronic leukemia have been reported in association with postmarketing TNF-blocker use in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other indications. Even in the absence of TNF-blocker therapy, patients with RA may be at a higher risk (approximately 2-fold) than the general population for the development of leukemia. ADVERSE REACTIONS Adverse Reaction Information from Other Sources
Skin: new or worsening psoriasis (all subtypes including pustular and palmoplantar) has been identified during postapproval use of TNF blockers. MEDICATION GUIDE
Reflect new safety information about malignancies in pediatric patients, leukemia in adults, and psoriasis-like skin lesions associated with use of products within the class of TNF-blockers. |
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm191946.htm |
| Tranylcypromine sulfate Parnate (GlaxoSmithKline) | CONTRAINDICATION: In combination with selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors | http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm194373.htm |
| Valproate sodium, valproic acid, and divalproex sodium (various) | Risk of birth defects (eg, neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, cardiovascular malformations) when used during pregnancy. Alternative therapy should be considered when possible. | http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHealthcareProfessionals/ucm192649.htm |
Note: ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Practitioners are encouraged to check the FDA's MedWatch Web site (http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety.htm) for updated information.
