The Faith of a Coronal Suture Grafted onto Midline Synostosis Inducing Dura and Deprived from Tensile Stress

Abstract

Objective:

To discuss possible reasons for the synostosis of a coronal suture that was transplanted onto synostosis inducing dura in a scaphocephalic human cranium.

Design:

Case report.

Setting:

Supraregional teaching hospital, center for craniofacial anomalies.

Patient:

A bathmocephalic boy, followed from age 7½ to 26 months.

Intervention:

Radical synostosectomy, radial osteotomies in the parietal bone with outward fracturing of the barrel staves, and left-sided coronal suture transplantation onto the midline was undertaken at the age of 11 months.

Methods:

Computer tomography and clinical follow-up.

Results:

The sutural graft, initially deprived from tensile stress and quickly exposed to the anomalous dura, turned synostotic in one year.

Conclusions:

Both cell signaling and biomechanical theories on calvarial morphogenesis, sutural development, and synostosis can apply. An animal experiment is recommended to test which hypothesis prevails.

Keywords

neurocranium surgery sutures

References

Akita

Hirano

Fujii

Identification of IGF-I in the calvarial sutures of young rats: histochemical analysis of the cranial sagittal sutures in a hyperthyroid rat model.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996; 87: 1–12.

Babler

W.J.

Role of cranial sutures in normal and abnormal skull development.

Neurosurg Clin North Am. 1991; 2: 539–549.

Babler

W.J.

Persing

J.A.

Persson

K.M.

Winn

R.H.

Jane

J.A.

Rodeheaver

G.T.

Skull growth after coronal suturectomy, periostectomy, and dural transsection.

J Neurosurg. 1982; 56: 529–535.

Berry

C.L.

A view of neurospinal dysraphism.

Virchows Archiv a Pathol Anat. 1992; 420: 375–36, 1992.

Bradley

J.P.

Han

V.K.

Roth

D.A.

Levine

J.P.

McCarthy

J.G.

Longaker

M.T.

Increased IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA and IGF-I peptide in fusing rat cranial sutures suggest evidence for a paracrine role of insulin-like growth factors in suture fusion.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999; 104: 129–138.

Bradley

J.P.

Levine

J.P.

McCarthy

J.G.

Longaker

M.T.

Studies in cranial suture biology: regional dura mater determines in vitro cranial suture fusion.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997; 100: 1091–1099.

Cohen

M.M.

Jr.

Sutural biology and the correlates of craniosynostosis.

Am J Med Genet. 1993; 47: 581–616.

de Coster

Transplantations réciproques de sutures craniennes et faciales chez le cobaye: une évaluation histologique.

Orthod Fr. 1989; 60, 543–557.

De Pollack

Renier

Hott

Marie

P.J.

Increased bone formation and osteoblastic cell phenotype in premature cranial suture ossification (craniosynostosis).

J Bone Miner Res. 1996; 11: 401–407.

10.

Dutra

T.F.

Bernard

G.W.

Size-selective comparison of fetal calvarial versus adult marrow osteogenic colony-forming entities.

Anat Rec. 1994; 239: 1–8.

11.

Engdahl

Bone regeneration in maxillary defects. An experimental investigation on the significance of the periosteum and various media (blood, Surgicel, bone marrow and bone grafts) on bone formation and maxillary growth.

Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1972; 8(suppl): 1–79.

12.

Engdahl

Ritsilä

Uddströmer

Growth potential of cranial suture bone autografts. I. An experimental macroscopic investigation in young rabbits.

Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978a; 12: 119–123.

13.

Engdahl

Ritsilä

Uddströmer

Growth potential of cranial suture bone autografts. II. An experimental microscopic investigation in young rabbits.

Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978b; 12: 125–129.

14.

Friede

Normal development and growth of the human neurocranium and cranial base.

Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1981; 15: 163–169.

15.

Giblin

Alley

Studies in skull growth. Coronal suture fixation.

Anat Rec. 1944; 88: 143–153.

16.

Hobar

P.C.

Schreiber

J.S.

McCarthy

J.G.

Thomas

P.A.

The role of the dura in cranial bone regeneration in the immature animal.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993; 92: 405–410.

17.

Johansen

Hall

S.H.

Morphogenesis of the mouse coronal suture.

Acta Anat. 1982; 114: 58–67.

18.

Latham

R.A.

The septo-premaxillary ligament and maxillary development.

J Anat. 1969; 104: 584.

19.

Lewis

E.A.

Irving

J.T.

An autoradiographic investigation of bone remodeling in the rat calvarium grown in organ culture.

Arch Oral Biol. 1970; 15: 769–776.

20.

Mabbutt

L.W.

Kokich

V.G.

Calvarial and sutural re-development following craniectomy in the neonatal rabbit.

J Anat. 1979; 129: 413–422.

21.

Maggi

Alberti

Pittore

Occipital remolding for correction of scaphocephaly in the young infant. Technical note.

J Neurosurg Sci. 1998; 42: 119–22.

22.

Marchac

Renier

Craniofacial Surgery for Craniosynostosis. Boston: Little, Brown; 1982.

23.

Marchac

Renier

Treatment of craniosynostosis in infancy.

Clin Plast Surg. 1987; 14: 61–72.

24.

Markens

I.S.

Transplantation of the future coronal suture on the dura mater of 3- to 4-month-old rats.

Acta Anat. 1975; 93: 29–44.

25.

Markens

I.S.

Oudhof

H.A.J.

A study on the occurrence of alkaline phosphatase in the sutura interfrontalis of Wistar rats.

Acta Anat (Basel). 1979; 104: 431–438.

26.

Markens

I.S.

Oudhof

H.A.J.

Morphological changes in the coronal suture after replantation.

Acta Anat. (Basel) 1980; 107: 289–296.

27.

Markens

I.S.

Taverne

A.A.R.

Development of cartilage in transplanted future coronal sutures.

Acta Anat. 1978; 100: 428–434.

28.

Maugans

T.A.

McComb

J.G.

Levy

M.L.

Surgical management of sagittal synostosis: a comparative analysis of strip craniectomy and calvarial vault remodeling.

Pediatr Neurosurg. 1997; 27: 137–148.

29.

Mehrara

B.J.

Greenwald

Chin

G.S.

Dudziak

Sagrioglu

Steinbrech

D.S.

Saadeh

P.B.

Gittes

G.K.

Longaker

M.T.

Regional differentiation of rat cranial suture-derived dural cells is dependent on association with fusing and patent sutures.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999a; 104: 1003–1013.

30.

Mehrara

B.J.

Steinbrech

D.S.

Saadeh

P.B.

Gittes

G.K.

Longaker

M.T.

Expression of high-affinity receptors for TGF-beta during rat cranial suture fusion.

Ann Plast Surg. 1999b; 42: 502–508.

31.

Moss

M.L.

Experimental alteration of sutural area morphology.

Anat Rec. 1957; 127: 569–589.

32.

Moss

M.L.

Functional anatomy of cranial synostosis.

Childs Brain. 1975; 1: 22–33.

33.

Moss

M.L.

Growth of the calvaria in the rat. The determination of osseous morphology.

Am J Anat. 1954; 94: 333–361.

34.

Moss

M.L.

Inhibition and stimulation of sutural fusion in the rat calvaria.

Anat Rec. 1960; 136: 457–467.

35.

Moss

M.L.

The functional matrix. In: Kraus

B.S.

Riedel

R.A.

, eds. Vistas in Orthodontics. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, Inc.; 1962: 89–98.

36.

Moss

M.L.

Salentijn

The capsular matrix.

Am J Orthod. 1969; 56: 474–490.

37.

Most

Levine

J.P.

Chang

Sung

McCarthy

J.G.

Schenel

S.A.

Longaker

M.T.

Studies in cranial suture biology: up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA correlates with posterior frontal cranial suture fusion in the rat.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998; 101: 1431–1440.

38.

Nash

S.B.

Kokich

V.G.

Evaluation of cranial bone suture autotransplants in the growing rabbit.

Acta Anat. 1985; 123: 39–44.

39.

Ocampo

R.V.

Jr Persing

J.A.

Sagittal synostosis.

Clin Plast Surg. 1994; 21: 563–574.

40.

Opperman

L.A.

Chhabra Nolen

A.A.

Bao

Ogle

R.C.

Dura mater maintains rat cranial sutures in vitro by regulating suture cell proliferation and collagen production.

J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1998; 18: 150–158.

41.

Opperman

L.A.

Sweeney

T.M.

Redmon

Persing

J.A.

Ogle

R.C.

Tissue interactions with underlying dura mater inhibit osseous obliteration of developing cranial sutures.

Dev Dyn. 1993; 198: 312–322.

42.

Oudhof

H.A.J.

Sutural growth.

Acta Anat (Basel). 1982; 112: 58–68.

43.

Oudhof

H.A.J.

Markens

I.S.

Transplantation of the interfrontal suture in the Wistar rat.

Acta Anat (Basel). 1982; 113: 39–46.

44.

Pensler

J.M.

Ivescu

A.S.

Radosevich

J.A.

Scaphocephaly: premature closure of the sagittal suture: a localized disorder of cellular metabolism?

Ann Plast Surg. 1998; 40: 48–52.

45.

Pensler

J.M.

Ledesma

D.F.

Hijaawi

Radosevich

J.A.

Plagiocephaly: premature unilateral closure of the coronal suture: a potentially localized disorder of cellular metabolism.

Ann Plast Surg. 1994; 32: 160–165.

46.

Pensler

J.M.

Patel

P.K.

Langman

C.B.

Osteoblast-directed osteoclast metabolism from patients with premature coronal synostosis.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997; 99: 1518–1521.

47.

Persing

J.A.

Edgerton

M.T.

Jane

J.A.

Scientific Foundations and Surgical Treatment of Craniosynostosis. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1989.

48.

Persson

K.M.

Roy

Persing

J.A.

Rodeheaver

G.T.

Winn

H.R.

Craniofacial growth following experimental craniosynostosis and craniectomy in rabbits.

J Neurosurg. 1979; 50: 187–197.

49.

Pritchard

J.J.

Scott

J.H.

Girgis

F.G.

The structure and development of cranial and facial sutures.

J Anat. 1956; 90: 73–86.

50.

Raphaël

Lebeau

Bettega

Passagia

J.G.

Richard

Chirurgie des malformations craniofaciales. Techniques chirurgicales—Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique.

Encycl Méd Chir. Paris: Elsevier; 1999; 45-570: 26.

51.

Ritsilä

Laine

Ranta

Experimental study of preservation and adaptation of growth of cranial suture-bone graft in premaxillo-maxillary defects.

IRCS Med Sci. 1977; 5: 245–256.

52.

Roth

D.A.

Gold

L.I.

Han

V.K.

McCarthy

J.G.

Sung

J.J.

Wisoff

J.H.

Longaker

M.T.

Immunolocalization of transforming growth factor beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 and insulin-like growth factor I in premature cranial suture fusion.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997a; 99: 300–309.

53.

Roth

D.A.

Longaker

M.T.

McCarthy

K.G.

Rosen

D.M.

McMullen

H.F.

Levine

J.P.

Sung

Gold

L.I.

Studies in cranial suture biology: Part I. Increased immunoreactivity for TGF-beta isoforms (beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3) during rat cranial suture fusion.

J Bone Miner Res. 1997b; 12: 311–321.

54.

Ryöppy

Transplantation of epiphyseal cartilage and cranial suture. Experimental studies on the preservation of the growth capacity in growing bone grafts.

Acta Orthop Scand. 1965; 82(suppl): 1–107.

55.

Shapiro

Robinson

The embryogenesis of the human skull. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1980.

56.

Silau

A.M.

Fischer Hansen

Kjaer

Normal prenatal development of the human parietal bone and interparietal suture.

J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1995; 15: 81–86.

57.

Sirola

Regeneration of defects in the calvaria. An experimental study.

Ann Med Exp Fenn. 1960; 38(Suppl 2): 1–87.

58.

Smith

D.W.

Tondury

Origin of the calvaria and its sutures.

Am J Dis Child. 1978; 132: 662–666.

59.

Smith

H.G.

McKeown

Experimental alteration of the coronal sutural area: a histological and quantitative microscopic assessment.

J Anat. 1974; 118: 543–559.

60.

Sperber

G.H.

Craniofacial Embryology. 4th ed. Oxford: Wright; 1989.

61.

Stricker

Van der Meulen

Raphael

Mazzola

Craniofacial Malformations. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1989: 228.

62.

Troitzky

W.L.

Zur Frage der Formbildung des Schädeldaches (experimentelle Untersuchung der Schädeldachnähte und damit verbundenen Erscheinungen).

Z Morph Anthrop. 1932; 30: 504–532.

63.

Waitzman

A.A.

Posnick

J.C.

Armstrong

D.C.

Pron

G.E.

Craniofacial skeletal measurements based on computed tomography: Part II. Normal values and growth trends.

Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1992; 29: 118–28.

64.

Washburn

S.L.

The relation of the temporal muscle to the form of the skull.

Anat Rec. 1947; 99: 239–248.

65.

Watanabe

Laskin

D.M.

Brodie

A.G.

The effects of autotransplantation on growth of the zygomaticomaxillary suture.

Am J Anat. 1957; 100: 319–355.

66.

Young

R.W.

The influence of cranial contents on postnatal growth of the skull in the rat.

Am J Anat. 1959; 105: 383–410.