This paper uses some of the data on central nervous dysfunction in schizophrenic patients as a paradigm for the integration of biologic data with psychopathologic conditions. As such, a good portion of the paper emphasizes the methodologic and interpretive problems one must consider in “psychosomatic” studies of mental illness. A possible theory to integrate these findings is presented.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BellackLKolbL: The Schizophrenic Syndrome. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1969
2.
WyattRTerminiBDavisJ: Biochemical and sleep studies of schizophrenia: A review of the literature 1960–1970. Schizophren4:10–71, 1971
3.
PincusJTuckerGJ: Behavioral Neurology. New York, Oxford University Press, 1974
4.
HimmelhochJPincusJTuckerGJDetreT: Sub-acute encephalitis: Behavioral and neurological aspects. Brit J Psychiat116:531–38, 1970
5.
AbensonMH: EEG's in chronic schizophrenia. Brit J Psychiat116:421–25, 1970
6.
DavisPADavisH: Electroencephalograms of psychotic patients. Amer J Psychiat95:1007–1025, 1939
7.
GoldsteinLMurphreeHB: Quantitative electroencephalographic analysis of naturally occurring (schizophrenic) and drug-induced psychotic states in human males. Clin Pharm Ther4(1):10–21, 1963
8.
TuckerGJDetreT: Behavior and symptoms of psychiatric patients and the electroencephalogram. Arch Gen Psychiat12:278–86, 1965
9.
HillD: Electroencephalogram in Schizophrenia, in Schizophrenia: Somatic Aspects. Edited by LondonRichter D., Pergamon Press, 1957
10.
EpsteinSColemanM: Drive theories of schizophrenia. Psychosom Med32:113–40, 1970
11.
TuckerGJHarrowM: Perceptual experiences in schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiat20:159–66, 1969
12.
OrnitzE: Vestibular dysfunction in schizophrenia and childhood autism. Comprehens Psychiat11:159–73, 1970
13.
HolzmanPSProctorLRHughesDW: Eye-tracking patterns in schizophrenia. Science181:179–81, 1973
14.
TuckerGJReinhardtR: Airsickness and anxiety. Aerospace Med38:855–58, 1967
15.
WatsonCGThomasRW: Differentiation of organics from schizophrenics at two chronicity levels by use of the Reitan-Halstead Organic Test Battery. J Consult Clin Psychol32(6):679–84, 1968
16.
LacksPBColbertJ: Further evidence concerning the diagnostic accuracy of the Halstead Organic Test Battery. J Clin Psychol26:480–81, 1970
17.
VegaAParsonsOA: Cross-validation of the Halstead-Reitan tests for brain damage. J Consult Psychol31:619–25, 1967
18.
PollinWStabenauJ: Biological, Psychological, and Historical Differences in a Series of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia, in Transmission of Schizophrenia. London, Pergamon Press, 1968
19.
KennardM: Value of equivocal signs in neurological diagnosis. Neurology10:753–64, 1960
20.
LarsenV: Physical characteristics of disturbed adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiat10:55–64, 1964
21.
RochfordJMDetreT: Neuropsychological impairments in functional psychiatric diseases. Arch Gen Psychiat22:114–19, 1970
22.
HertzigMABirchHG: Neurologic organization in psychiatrically disturbed adolescent girls. Arch Gen Psychiat15:590–99, 1966
23.
HertzigMABirchHG: Neurologic organization in psychiatrically disturbed adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiat19:528–37, 1968
24.
TuckerGJ: Unpublished data
25.
TuckerGJChampionEW: The relationship of subtle neurologic impairments to disturbances of thinking. Psychother and Psychosom24:165–69, 1974
26.
CampionEWKelleherPA: Sensorimotor functions and cognitive disturbance. Amer J Psychiat132:17–21, 1975
27.
RosenbaumG: Feedback Mechanisms in Schizophrenia, in Lafayette Clinic Studies on Schizophrenia. Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1971
28.
FreedmanDX: Neurologic syndromes associated with antipsychotic drug use. Arch Gen Psychiat28:463–67, 1973
29.
CampionEWTuckerGJ: A note on twin studies, schizophrenia and neurological impairment. Arch Gen Psychiat35:60–65, 1973
30.
MendickSAMuraE: Perinatal conditions and infant development in children with schizophrenic parents. Soc Biol18 (supp 1): S103–S113, 1971
AstrachanBMHarrowM: A checklist for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Brit J Psychiat121:529–39, 1972
33.
MellorCS: First rank symptoms of schizophrenia: I. The frequency in schizophrenics on admission to hospital. II. Difference between individual first rank symptoms. Brit J Psychiat117:15–23, 1970
